sports med exam 1

force acting on a body causes:

-acceleration -deformation

instruction of proper technique should be: (select all that apply)

-based on sound physiological principles -should be age appropriate -should be developmentally appropriate

forces that determine injury:

-magnitude of force -material properties of tissues involved

tension/tensile force

-opposite of compression -force that pulls and stretches tissue

in completing an on-site assessment of an acute musculoskeletal injury, the coach should automatically complete all of the following:

-primary survey -secondary survey -history -observation -AROM

frontal plane joint movements

Abduction and adduction

dermatome

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

grade II nerve injuries that produce significant motor and mild sensory deficits that last at least two weeks are termed:

Axonotmesis

true or false: informed consent is only required in treatment of minors

FALSE

nerve injury grade 3

Neurotmesis

which of the following processes takes place during the inflammatory phase of healing

Phagocytosis

which of the following signs and symptoms is not indicative of shock?

Rapid, bounding(strong) pulse

TRUE or FALSE best practice is to treat the blood of any individual as if it is infected with a blood borne pathogen

True

which of the following is an example of misfeasance

a personal trainer conducts a pre-activity screening, but fails to perform the screening consistent with professional guidelines

A tear in a ligament is known as:

a sprain

the onset of bursitis can be

acute or chronic

the instruction and expectation of performance of any skill needs to be:

age and developmentally appropriate

somatic pain

arises from skin,ligament,muscle, bones and joints

a muscle spasm is brought on by

biochemical imbalance

comminuted fracture

bone breaks into many fragments

the terms "sports medicine" and "athletic training"

cannot be used interchangeably

malfeasance

commits an act not their responsibility to perform ex: straighten out a fractured bone

misfeasance

commits an act which is their responsibility, but does so incorrectly ex: does not do full job and sends out a player without full assesment

reciprocal inhibition

contract the muscle opposite the tight muscle against resistance; cause a reciprocal inhibition of the tight muscle leading to muscle lengthening

sagittal plane joint movements

flexion and extension

which of the following is a correctly matched pair of terms? (select all that apply)

flexion-decreasing an angle extension-increasing an angle

shearing force

forces that moves across the parallel design of the fibers

referred pain

is perceived at a location remote from the site of the tissues actually causing the pain

muscles will hypertrophy and atrophy in response

levels of mechanical stress

Neurotmesis

motor and sensory deficit last up to 1 year

STRAIN always goes with a

muscle

vigorous stretching of tissues should be avoided in each of the following conditions except with:

normal healthy tissue after a brief warm up

diastolic pressure

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed;between beats

overuse injuries classification stage 2:

pain during activity, does not restrict performance

osteopenia is a condition that:

predisposes an individual to stress fractures

a type II epiphyseal injury is described as:

separation of the spiphysis and a small portion of the metaphysis

bone is worst resisting

shear forces

specific adaption to imposed demands (SAID) principle

the body responds to a given demand with a specific and predictable adaption

Nonfeasance

the failure to perform a legal duty ex: knows a kid is hurt and allows them to keep playing and then the kid fully blows ACL

the basis for rating the severity of a contusion is:

the impairment of joint ROM

tendon is 2X stronger than

the muscle it serves

the strength of scar tissue in the maturation phase is determined by:

the orientation of the collagen fibers(have to be parallel)

who has the final authority to clear an athlete

the supervising physician (PCP, team doctor)

low blood pressure can result from

-shock -heart attack -internal injury

which of the following factors have the potential to delay the healing process? (select all that apply)

-size of the injury -infection -poor blood supply -age of the individual (all of the above)

which of the following require activation of the emergency plan, including activation of EMS? (select all that apply)

-suspected shock -respiratory failure -excessive bleeding

when tissues sustain a force, what are the primary factors that determine the occurrence of an injury? (select all that apply)

-the magnitude of the force -the material properties of the involved tissues

which of the following are physiological effects of cold? (select all that apply)

-vasoconstriction -decreased capillary permeability -decreased muscle spasm

4 elements of negligence

1) duty of care 2) Breach of that duty 3) harm occurred because of the breach of duty 4) resulting harm was a direct cause of the breach of duty

what are the three primary mechanical forces that produce injury

1)compression 2)tensile 3)sheering

strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as:

3rd degree

TRUE or FALSE if an individual reports an injury that is chronic in nature, the coach should perform an assessment. It is the responsibility of the coach to assess a chronic injury and determine the next course of action

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: the only responsibility of the coach with regard to athletic equipment is to ensure that the equipment is approved by the appropriate agency

FALSE

static stetching

GTO override impulses from the muscle spindles

TRUE of FALSE an initial step in the on-site assessment of an acute injury is the removal of any equipment that may interfere with the evaluation process

FALSE

TRUE of FALSE in managing an open wound, the first step in the process is to control the bleeding through the application of indirect pressure

FALSE

TRUE of FALSE movements in the sagittal place include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE immobilization of an acute soft tissue injury for 72 hours post-injury will optimize the healing process

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE a coach developed an efficient and effective emergency plan for their school. the coach transfers to a new school. Implementing the same plan that was used at the previous institution should be sufficient.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE anaphylaxis is hypersensitive reaction to an allergen. It is rarely a fatal condition

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE in completing an on-site assessment of an acute injury, the coach must ensure that their actions are consistent with their standard of care

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE in the management of an unconscious athlete, the evaluator should assume that a neck injury is present

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE the posterior branches are afferent (sensory) nerves that transmit information from sensory receptors in the skin, tendons, ligaments, and muscles to the central nervous system

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE the proliferative phase of healing begins when the size of the hematoma is sufficiently reduced to permit room for new tissue growth

TRUE

systolic pressure

The blood pressure generated by the heart during contraction. (pumping blood)

if a coach diagnoses an injury, the coach has:

committed an action that could result in negligence

bone is best resisting

compression forces

application of compression length of application time:

constant awake and asleep

each of the following is a physiologic benefit of cardiovascular endurance except:

crease in total cholesterol

in applying a compression, the wrap should be applied in which direction?

distal to proximal

the discoloration or swelling outside a joint in the surrounding soft tissue is termed:

effusion

the ability of a muscle to be stretched or increased in length is termed:

elasticity

National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA)

establishes standards for professionalism, education, research, and practice settings for athletic trainers

manufactures of athletic equipment have a duty to provide equipment that will not cause injury when used for its intended purpose. That is termed:

implied warranty

myositis

inflammation of muscle tissue ex:shin splints

during the repair and regeneration of bone tissue, __________ resorb damaged bone tissue

macrophages and osteoclasts

Anisotropic

material is stronger in resisting force from certain directions than others ex: medial ankle is stronger than lateral

myotome

muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve checking for movement

during a ballistic stretch, which of the following are activated?

muscle spindle

tendons

muscles to bones

severe hemorrhage is characterized by:

rapid and weak pulse

osteopenia

reduced bone mineral density -predisposes individual to fracture; particularly stress fractures

contusion

restriction in range of motion

visceral pain

results from injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity - main organs and unforgettable pain

3 sources of pain

somatic, visceral, psychogenic

gate control theory of pain

sunstantia gelatinosa is the gate keeper Increases sensory input can reduce the sensation of pain

A wrong done by an individual for which the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered is called a(n):

tort