St John's First Aid- Casualty Simulation

Management of bleeding nose

1. Breathe through mouth. Sit casualty up, head slightly forward. 2. Apply finger and thumb on soft part of nose for ten minutes. 3. Loosen tight clothing around neck. 4. Place ice packs on neck and forehead. 5. Seek medical aid if bleeding persists.

Initial Assessment Priority

1. DRSABCD 2. Shock 3. Bleeding, burns, wounds 4. Fractures 5. Minor wounds

Management of heart attack/chest pain

1. Encourage the patient to immediately stop what they're doing and rest. 2. Help patient to sit or lie down (whichever is most comfortable) and provide reassurance. Ask them to describe their symptoms. If pain gets worse quickly or is severe, Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance immediately. Don't hang up. Wait for medical advice from the 000 operator 3. Give aspirin if not allergic

Management of sprains/strains

1. Follow DRSABCD. 2. Follow RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation).

Management of asthma attack

1. Help the patient into a comfortable position- • Usually sitting upright and leaning forward • Be reassuring and ensure adequate fresh air 2. Help with prompt administration of patients medication (4:4:4) • Give 4 puffs one at a time of a blue reliever inhaler (use a spacer if available) • Patient takes 4 breaths after each puff • Wait 4 minutes • If no improvement, give another 4 puffs 3. If little or no improvement within minutes: • Ensure an ambulance has been called- triple zero (000) • Keep giving 4 puffs every 4 minutes until ambulance arrives

Management of anaphylaxis

1. Lay patient flat. If breathing is difficult allow patient to sit in a comforable position. 2. Assist the patient with the adrenaline auto-injector (if available). 3. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. 4. Keep patient lying flat or sitting in a comfortable position. 5. Monitior the patients breathing and record pulse. 6. If no response after 5 minutes, further adrenaline may be given.

How to do a full arm sling

Apex to elbow, base runs parallel to midline of the body. Pass triangular bandage under elbow, holding the apex. Hold top tail with other hand, drape across patient's chest (like a toga). Bring top tail around to injured side. Bring bottom tail up, tie using a reef knot. Secure loose apex by bringing to the front of elbow and securing with a safety pin, (it is acceptable in the casualty simulation exam to tuck this neatly away under injured wing), check with patient that sling is SUPPORTIVE & comfortable, and adjust if necessary.

Management of bleeding palm

Apply roller bandage to bleed (leave rolled up - simply ask casualty to grip roll) Apply a triangular bandage to hold in place Base of the bandage towards the elbow, apex beyond the hand, lay in hand in the middle, fold apex over hand - back towards elbow wrap up like a nappy & tie off Elevate injured hand in a ST JOHN SLING

Management of upper arm fracture (deformity)

Collar and cuff

Management of embedded object

Control bleeding. Do not remove object. Use pads or doughnut bandage. Bandage over padding only. Seek medical aid. Lock off far side (side most distant to heart) of ring bandage with a roller bandage - complete figure of eight (avoiding object - secure by locking off final wrap.

Management of Shock

DRSABCD Reassure the casualty Ring Triple Zero (000) Lay the patient down Elevate casualty's legs (unless broken or snake bite) Manage injuries Loosen clothing Keep warm.

Management of stroke

DRSABCD Seek triple zero (000) Reassure the casualty Ensure an open airway Support head and shoulders Maintain body temperature Loosen tight clothing.

Management of fainting

DRSABCD. Loosen any tight clothing. Ensure plenty of fresh air. When conscious, lie casualty on back and support legs.

DRSABCD

Danger Response Send for help Airways Breathing CPR Defibrilation

How to do a collar and cuff

Find the midpoint, make a lower case 'd' and a lower case 'p', tails away from each other, circles should resemble a number #8 Pick up the 'top' and 'bottom' of the number 8, bring together loops, place own hand through loops, & adjust on self before sliding over patient's wrist. Gently slip loops over patient's hand, holding tails in an upwards direction Place tails around neck & tie on uninjured side, check with patient that sling is SUPPORTIVE & comfortable, and adjust if necessary Secure for transport

Management of head injury

Follow DRSABCD Action Plan Conscious - comfortable position Unconscious - recovery position Support head and neck Control bleeding If blood or fluid is coming from the ear, cover with dressing Call triple zero.

Management of embedded object (eye)

Follow DRSABCD Action Plan Lie the casualty on back Do not attempt to remove object Place rings around eyes triangular bandanna secures ring bandages to eyes. Ensure there is no pressure on eye Call triple zero (000) Do not give any food or drink to the casualty

Management of suspected spinal/neck injury

Follow DRSABCD. If conscious, calm and do not move casualty. If unconscious, place in recovery position. Hold head and spine in a neutral position. Call triple zero (000) for ambulance.

Management of head wounds

PAD wound- Triangular bandage Tie BANDANNA - Triangular bandage - around head Tuck apex of bandanna in back Tie off tails of bandanna (reef knot) over the wound - assists with pressure

Management of lower arm/wrist fracture (deformity)

Padded splint Roller bandage under hand 3 broad bandages to secure arm to splint One over fingers & roller One above & one below break Full arm sling

Management of febrile convulsions

Place child on side on floor Do not restrain the child Remove clothing Seek medical aid.

How to do a st johns sling

Place hand (injured side) on opposite (uninjured) shoulder Apex to elbow, Lay sling across chest and arm Scoop base of bandage up under elbow Take long end (bottom tail) around back to meet top tail (Swish), Tie on uninjured side using a reef knot Secure loose apex under wing, twist & tuck, check with patient that sling is SUPPORTIVE & comfortable, and adjust if necessary Secure for transport

Management of epileptic seizures

Protect from injury Do not restrain Place casualty on their side Manage any injuries If casualty falls asleep, do not disturb Call triple zero (000) if: a known epileptic has a seizure that is longer than 5 minutes has repeated seizures and/or the person has been injured and/or the person has diabetes or is pregnant.

Management of dislocated shoulder/elbow injury

St Johns sling

Management of bleeds

apply padding secure with roller bandage

Management of abrasions (grazes)

clean with saline apply sterile dressing apply roller bandage to secure

Management of spider bite (redback etc)

ice compress

Management of broken ribs

place padding under patients elbow on injured side wrap broad bandage around the torso, on top of the elbow tie on uninjured side

Management of fractured leg

place towel in-between legs, try not to move legs secure with four broad bandages, one above the knee, one below the knee, one around ankles and one around feet tie all bandages on uninjured side DO NOT move or raise the legs

Management of Snake bite (and mouse and funnel web spider)

pressure immobilisation bandage