Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics 17th E Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Frequency table

A grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive classes showing the number of observations in each class.

Cumulative frequency polygon

A plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments. Any continuous cumulative frequency curve, including a cumulative frequency polygon, is called an ogive.

Chapter Summary - iii

- A bar chart is a graphic representation of a frequency table.

Chapter Summary - v

- A frequency distribution is a grouping of data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive classes showing the number of observations in each class. A) The steps in constructing a frequency distribution are 1) Decide on the number of classes. 2) Determine the class interval. 3) Set the individual class limit. 4) Tally the raw data into classes adn determine the frequency in each class. B) The class frequency is the number of observations in each class. C) The class interval is the difference between th limits of two consecutive classes. D) The class midpoint is halfway between the limits of consecutive classes.

Chapter Summary - i.

- A frequency table is a grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhausted classes showing the number of observations in each class.

Chapter Summary - iv

- A pie chart shows the proportion each distinct class represents of the total number of observations.

Chapter Summary - ii

- A relative frequency table shows the fraction of the number of frequencies in each class.

Chapter Summary - vii

- There are several methods for graphically portraying a frequency distribution. A) A histogram portrays the frequencies in the form of a rectangle or bar for each class. B) A frequency polygon consists of line segments connecting the points formed by the intersecting of the class midpoint and the class frequency. C) A graph of a cumulative frequency distribution shows the number of observations less than a given value. D) A graph of a cumulative relative frequency distribution shows the percentage of observations less than a fiven value.

Pie chart

A chart that shows the proportion or percentage that each class represents of the total number of frequencies.

Histogram

A graph in which the classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are represented by the heights of the bars, and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other. Frequency Distribution based on quantitative data.

Bar chart

A graph that shows qualitative classes on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are proportional to the heights of the bar.

Chapter Summary - vi

A relative frequency distribution shows the percent of observations in each class.

Frequency polygon

Also shows the shape of a distribution and is similar to a histogram. It consists of line segments connecting the points formed by the intersections of the midpoints and the class frequencies.

Frequency Distribution

Grouping of data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class

Frequency Table

Grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observation in each class

Cumulative relative frequency distribution

The cumulative relative frequency distribution of a quantitative variable is a summary of frequency proportion below a given level. The relationship between cumulative frequency and relative cumulative frequency is:

Relative Class Frequencies

The fraction of the total number of observation in each class

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

a cumulative frequency distribution is the sum of the class and all classes below it in a frequency distribution. All that means is you're adding up a value and all of the values that came before it. Determines how many or what proportion of the data values are below or above a certain value