Statistics Final Exam

A factorial ANOVA includes _______ treatment factor(s). a. More than one b. Only one c. Only two d. Only three or more

a

A one-sample chi-square is also known as a _______. a. Goodness-of-fit test b. Test of independence c. Wilcoxon rank d. Mann-Whitney U

a

ANOVA with replication is also known as _______. a. Repeated measures b. Between-group design c. Mixed design d. One-way ANOVA

a

After conducting a one-sample Z-test, you arrived at a value of -12.5 for the z value. What is your conclusion? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. The result is too close to call d. None of the above

a

After conducting a one-sample Z-test, you arrived at a value of 5.7 for the z value. What is your conclusion? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. The result is too close to call d. None of the above

a

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. Set a high p value d. Increase your sample

a

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. Set a higher p value d. Increase the sample

a

If there is no difference between the distributions of scores in two groups, your effect size will be equal to _______. a. 0 b. 1 c. 5 d. 20

a

If you are hypothesizing that posttest scores will be higher than pretest scores, you should use _______. a. A one-tailed test b. A two-tailed test c. Descriptive statistics d. A t-test for independent means

a

If you have 100 respondents identifying their political affiliation (i.e. Democrat, Republican, or independent), what would the expected frequency be for each category? a. 33 b. 50 c. 25 d. 100

a

If you have 30 respondents identifying their political preference (i.e., Democrat, Republican, or independent), what would the expected frequency be for each category? a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

a

If you perform multiple t-tests, which of the following is true? a. The risk of Type I error increases. b. The risk of Type I error decreases. c. The risk of Type I error is not impacted. d. There is a 10% chance of committing a Type I error.

a

If you wanted to examine whether the attitudes toward learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest? a. Grade level. b. Students' attitudes c. Parents' attitudes d. Level of parent involvement

a

If you wanted to examine whether the degree of parental involvement differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest? a. Grade level b. Students c. Parents d. Degree of parent involvement

a

In ANOVA, you have a main effect when a. A factor significantly affects the outcome variable b. An outcome significantly affects a factor c. There is an interaction between factors d. There is an interaction between outcomes

a

In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very unequally across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______. a. High b. Low c. 0 d. 1

a

In the equation r(65) = .45, p < .05, what is the obtained value? a. .45 b. 45 c. .65 d. 65

a

Power is equal to a. The value of the Type II error subtracted from 1 b. The value of the Type I error subtracted from 1 c. One subtracted from the value of the Type II error d. One subtracted from the value of the Type I error

a

The _______ is tested, and the results are generalized to the _______. a. Sample; larger population b. Sample; smaller population c. Population; smaller sample d. Population; larger sample

a

The _______ is the standard deviation of all possible means selected from the population. a. Standard error of the mean b. Standard error of the median c. Standard error of the population d. Standard error of the sample

a

The degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true is called _______. a. Significance level b. A Type II error c. A Type II error d. Power

a

The level of chance or risk that you were willing to take is expressed as _______. a. A significance level b. Power c. 1 - power d. 1 + power

a

This chapter illustrates that you can also incorporate _______ into the correlation coefficient. a. Statistical significance b. Substantial significance c. Descriptive statistics d. Generalizability

a

Under the normal curve, if the obtained value falls to the right of the critical value, what percentage of the normal curve does it fall under? a. 5% b. 10% c. 95% d. 100%

a

What does the letter t represent in the following: t(58) = 2.001, p < .05? a. Test statistic b. t value c. Degrees of freedom d. Significance level

a

What is another name for a regression line? a. Line of best fit b. Scatter plot line c. Line graph d. Line of the estimate

a

What is considered to be a small effect for Cohen's d? a. .17 b. -.02 c. .25 d. .57

a

What is the formula used to calculate degrees of freedom for a t-test? a. n1 - 1 + n2 - 1 b. n1 + n2 - 1 c. n1 - 1 + n2 d. n1 + n2

a

What is the level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis called? a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Type III error d. Power

a

When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have 27 degrees of freedom, your sample size must be _______. a. 29 b. 27 c. 25 d. 26

a

When computing the correlation coefficient, the _______ between variables, not the _______ between groups, is being examined. a. Relationship; difference b. Difference; relationship c. Means, reliability d. Reliability; means

a

When conducting a chi-square test, the categories of your variable(s) must be _______. a. Mutually exclusive b. Dependent c. Less than five in total d. More than three in total

a

When examining group difference where no direction of the difference is specified, which of the following is used? a. Two-tailed test b. One-tailed test c. Directional hypothesis d. Critical value

a

When you are interested in finding out if students' achievement level changes over time as result of a reading intervention, what type of ANOVA would you use? a. Repeated measures b. Between-groups design c. Mixed design d. One-way ANOVA

a

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare two independent samples? a. Mann-Whitney U b. Wilcoxon rank c. Spearman rank d. Kolmogorov-Smirnov

a

Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test? a. Hypothesized mean difference b. Pearson correlation c. Observations d. Variance

a

A research study is investigating the effects of studying French one, two, or three hours weekly between fourth graders and ninth graders. How would this factorial design be best described? a. 2X3 b. 3X2 c. 3X3 d. 6X3

b

A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of first-semester graduate students, so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream, the next group of students specific doses of licorice, and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments. To analyze the differences in well-being between the types of "treatment," she would use a(n) _______. a. Dependent-samples t-test b. Analysis of variance. c. Independent-samples t-test d. Repeated-measures analysis of variance

b

A two-sample chi-square is also known as a _______. a. Goodness-of-fit test b. Test of independence c. Wilcoxon rank d. Mann-Whitney U

b

After conducting a one-sample Z-test, you arrived at a value of 0.2 for the z value. What is your conclusion? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. The result is too close to call d. None of the above

b

Based on the formula for a regression line, what does b represent? a. Known value of X b. Slope of a line c. y-intercept d. Predictor score

b

Correlation coefficients can test _______ variable(s) at a time. a. Only one b. Only two c. One or more d. Two or more

b

How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples? a. One b. Two c. Three d. More than three

b

If a simple Pearson correlation value = .685, what percentage of variance is accounted for? a. 35% b. 47% c. 68% d. 69%

b

If one group had a mean of 2.3, and the second group had a mean of 2.4, and this was statistically significant, this result could be described as _______. a. Significant and meaningful b. Significant but not meaningful c. Not significant but meaningful d. Not significant and not meaningful

b

If the amount of variability due to within-group differences is equal to the amount of variability due to between-group differences, your F value will be equal to _______. a. 0 b. 1 c. -1 d. 2

b

If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. Set a high p value d. Increase your sample

b

If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do? a. Reject the null hypothesis b. Accept the null hypothesis c. Set a higher p value d. Increase the sample

b

If you conclude that your findings yield a 1 in 20 chance that differences were not due to the hypothesized reason, what is the corresponding p value? a. .01 b. .05 c. .10 d. .20

b

If you have 100 respondents identifying their gender, what would the expected frequency be for each category? a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100

b

If you have more than _______ levels, you will have to modify the formula you use in Excel. a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five

b

If your degrees of freedom is 24, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______. a. 23 b. 25 c. 26 d. 24

b

If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______. a. 97 b. 99 c. 98 d. 100

b

If your obtained t value is 7.14, and the critical value is 6.10, what decision should you make? a. Accept the null hypothesis b. Reject the null hypothesis c. Rerun the analysis d. Use a one-tailed test

b

Imagine you are looking up a critical t value in a t table. If your observed t value for the degrees of freedom lies between two critical values in the table, to be conservative, you would select _______. a. The larger value b. The smaller value c. Any value d. The largest value in the table

b

In a one-sample Z-test, this is the number of groups being compared: a. 2 or more b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

b

In the multiple-regression formula, what does X2 represent? a. Value of the second dependent variable b. Value of the second independent variable c. Value of the criterion variable d. Value of the predicted score

b

Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table? a. ANOVA table b. Source table c. Effects table d. Output table

b

Statistics that are not governed by distributions are referred to as _______ statistics. a. Parametric b. Nonparametric c. Population d. Nondistribution

b

The Excel output for a factorial ANOVA will display the following EXCEPT _______. a. MS b. r value c. F value d. p value

b

The effect of one factor in a factorial ANOVA is called the _______. a. Interaction effect b. Main effect c. Differential effect d. Experimental effect

b

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have a. One independent variable b. More than one independent variable c. Two dependent variables d. Two or more dependent variables

b

The number of main effects is equal to a. The number of dependent variables b. The number of independent variables c. The number of independent variables plus the number of interaction effects d. The number of dependent variables minus the number of interaction effects

b

The obtained value must be compared against which of the following? a. Test value b. Critical value c. Expected value d. Observed value

b

There is always the possibility of error in the _______ process. a. Differential b. Inferential c. Theoretical d. Mathematical

b

What can be used as the basis for prediction? a. t-test b. Correlation c. F-test d. Cohen's d

b

What is the error that cannot be controlled called? a. Type I error b. Chance c. Type II error d. Probability

b

What is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables? a. Hypothesized mean difference b. Correlation c. Observations d. Variance

b

What must be done to categorical variables in order to use them in a regression analysis? a. Nothing b. Dummy coding c. Problem coding d. Categorical coding

b

What type of ANOVA would examine effects of political party (i.e., Democrat, Republican, or independent) affiliation and gender on attitudes toward the death penalty? a. 2X2 ANOVA b. 3X2 ANOVA c. 3X2X1 ANOVA d. 3X3 ANOVA

b

Which of the following indicates a significant correlation? a. p = .21 b. p < .05 c. p < .20 d. p < .50

b

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare the magnitude and direction of differences between two groups? a. Mann-Whitney U b. Wilcoxon rank c. Spearman rank d. Fisher's exact

b

_______ is another name for a factorial ANOVA. a. One-way analysis of variance b. Two-way analysis of variance c. Simple ANOVA d. Complex ANOVA

b

A chi-square is calculated by dividing the total number of _______ by the number of _______. a. Occurrences; observations b. Observations; occurrences c. Occurrences; categories d. Categories; occurrences

c

A positive trend line is associated with what type of slope? a. Negative slope b. Direct slope c. Positive slope d. Nondirectional slope

c

Based on the formula for a regression line, what does a represent? a. Known value of X b. Slope of a line c. y-intercept d. Predictor score

c

Computing the between-group variance first calls for summing the difference between grand mean (means of all scores) and the group means. This is known as the _______. a. MSwithin b. SSwithin c. SSbetween d. MSbetween

c

Dr. Moo would like to examine the relationship between employee performance ratings between 2014 and 2015. Which of the following would be the most appropriate test statistic to use? a. Pearson's correlation b. Spearman correlation c. McNemar test d. Mann-Whitney U test

c

Dr. Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between her patients' anxiety scores before and after they completed a yoga program. What is the appropriate test to run? a. Independent-samples t-test b. Factorial ANOVA c. Dependent-samples t-test d. Pearson correlation

c

If the absolute value of your correlation coefficient is 1, your error in prediction will be _______. a. Very high b. 1 c. 0 d. Unknown

c

If the number of participants in Group 1 = 32 and the number in Group 2 = 30, what is the associated degrees of freedom? a. 58 b. 59 c. 60 d. 62

c

If there are five categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom? a. 2 b. 5 c. 4 d. 1

c

If you have 100 respondents identifying their region of residence (i.e., North, South, Midwest, or West), what would the expected frequency be for each category? a. 33 b. 50 c. 25 d. 100

c

If you posit that a relationship between two variables will be either positive or negative, what type of test should you use? a. Two tailed b. ANOVA c. One tailed d. Cohen's d

c

In a scatter plot, if all data points were aligned along a 45° angle, your correlation would be _______. a. Of medium strength b. Of weak strength c. Perfect d. 0

c

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does 1.03 represent? a. Test statistic b. Degrees of freedom c. Obtained value d. Alpha level

c

The P in the null hypothesis represents the _______ of occurrences in any one category. a. Multiplication b. Subtraction c. Percentage d. Addition

c

The _______ function in Excel provides the probability of an outcome given the degrees of freedom and the value of the statistic . a. CHISQ.RESULT b. CHISQ.TEST c. CHISQ.DIST d. CHIST.CORREL

c

The statistical value that is compared with the calculated value is called the _______. a. Obtained value b. Test statistic c. Critical value d. Comparison value

c

The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______. a. Critical value b. Significance level c. Obtained value d. p value

c

The test statistic value calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______. a. Critical value b. Significance level c. Obtained value d. p value

c

The_______ is used as the denominator in the equation for the z value in a one-sample Z-test. a. Standard error of the median b. Standard error of the population c. Standard error of the mean d. Standard error of the sample

c

Under the normal curve, if the obtained value falls to the left of the critical value, what percentage of the normal curve did it fall under? a. 5% b. 10% c. 95% d. 100%

c

What does the number 58 represent in the following: t(58) = 2.001, p < .05? a. Test statistic b. t value c. Degrees of freedom d. Significance level

c

What is another name for a dependent-samples t-test? a. Single sample b. Double measures c. Repeated measures d. Freed sample

c

What statistical technique is used to make predictions of future outcomes based on present data? a. Analysis of variance b. Repeated measures c. Linear regression d. Correlational analysis

c

What type of design includes an ANOVA where one factor is repeated and the other is not? a. Repeated design b. Between-groups design c. Mixed design d. One-way ANOVA

c

When reporting statistical significance, how is this usually represented? a. p = .05 b. p > .05 c. p < .05 d. p = .01

c

Which of the following compares the overall difference between two or more independent samples on more than one dimension? a. Wilcoxon rank test b. The sign test c. Friedman two-way ANOVA d. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA

c

Which of the following is like a standard deviation for all error scores in regression? a. Error of the estimate b. Error standard deviation c. Standard error of the estimate d. Precision of error score

c

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square? a. n - 1 b. n - 3 c. r - 1 d. r - 3

c

Which of the following is the most commonly used nonparametric test? a. t-test b. ANOVA c. Chi-square d. Mann-Whitney U

c

Which of the following is the term associated with identifying differences between groups that are not due to chance? a. Probability b. Meaningfulness c. Significance d. Statistics

c

Which of the following techniques is used to generalize findings from your sample to the population? a. Descriptive statistics b. Nonparametric statistics c. Inferential statistics d. Qualitative analysis

c

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and socioeconomic status (i.e., high, medium, and low) on a test of student achievement? a. Simple ANOVA b. One-way ANOVA c. 2 X 3 ANOVA d. 3 X 3 ANOVA

c

While you can use the correlation coefficient as its own test statistic, what is the other appropriate test statistic often used to examine the significance of a correlation? a. F-test b. Cohen's d c. t-test d. X- test

c

A simple analysis of variance is also called _______. a. The two-way analysis of variance b. Factorial ANOVA c. Correlational ANOVA d. The one-way analysis of variance

d

After the z value is calculated, the _______ is gathered from a table of z scores. a. Obtained value b. Test value c. Calculated value d. Critical value

d

All of the following are part of the T.TEST function in Excel EXCEPT this: a. Cell array b. Tails c. Type d. Standard deviation

d

Dr. Moo would like to compute the exact probability of male or female students passing or failing on the comprehensive agricultural exam. What kind of test should she use? a. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test b. Friedman two-way ANOVA c. Spearman correlation d. Fisher's exact test

d

If the correlation between two variables is .496, how much of the variance has not been accounted for? a. 24.6% b. 49.6% c. 50.4% d. 75.4%

d

In a 4 X 3 factorial ANOVA design, how many possible group assignments for subjects are there? a. 3 b. 4 c. 7 d. 12

d

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does p < .01 represent? a. The obtained value b. The critical value c. The degrees of freedom d. The level of significance

d

The correlation coefficient is a measure of _______. a. Mean differences b. Causation c. Prediction d. Association

d

The denominator in the equation for the z value is equal to a. The population average subtracted from the mean of the sample b. The mean of the sample subtracted from the population average c. The standard error of the mean subtracted from the population average d. The standard error of the mean

d

Using the regression formula with a slope = 2,000 and an intercept = 15,000, what would the predicted income be for someone who has 16 years of education? a. $40,000 b. $42,000 c. $45,000 d. $47,000

d

What is the first step in the computation of the F statistic? a. Setting the level of risk b. Selecting the appropriate test c. Computing the obtained value d. Stating the null and research hypotheses

d

When interpreting F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < .05, what is the between-groups df? a. 30 b. 27 c. 3 d. 2

d

When running the CHISQ.TEST function in Excel, you will have to specify the _______ range and the _______ range. a. Expected; subtracted b. Expected; estimated c. Actual; observed d. Actual; expected

d

When your research questions calls for you to examine the differences in group means among three or more groups, which of the following would be the appropriate procedure? a. Pearson correlation b. Dependent-sample t-test c. Regression d. Analysis of variance

d

Which major assumption of the t-test deals with the amount of variability in each group? a. Variables normally distributed b. Sample chosen at random c. Scores are independent d. Variances are equal

d

Which of the following determines the direction of the regression line? a. Intercept b. Predicted score c. Criterion score d. Slope

d

Which of the following indicates a NONsignificant correlation? a. p < .05 b. p < .01 c. p = .02 d. p = .30

d

Which of the following is a statement of equality? a. Research hypothesis b. Directional hypothesis c. Nondirectional hypothesis d. Null hypothesis

d

Which of the following is used to compare the medians from two samples? a. Mann-Whitney U b. Wilcoxon rank test c. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA d. The sign test

d