STATISTICS FINAL (From Notes)
A researcher conducted a Two-Factor experiment. If the results are examined with ANOVA, what does the null hypothesis (Ho) say about the treatment? A) There is no interaction between Factors A and B B) The interaction between Factors A and B multiplies C) The interaction between Factors A and B slightly changes D) There is an interaction between Factors A and B
A
A researcher selects a repeated-measures study comparing three treatment conditions. If the results are examined with ANOVA, what does the alternative hypothesis (H1) say about the treatment? A) There is one (or more) mean difference among the treatment groups B) In the population, the treatment increases each mean score by a constant amount C) The treatment multiplies each mean score by a constant amount D) In the population, there are no mean differences among the treatment groups
A
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, how many samples complete all treatment conditions? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
A
In the two-factor ANOVA, what is the first stage? A) Compute SStotal, SSbetween treatments and SSwithin treatments B) Compute the df C) Compute the f-ratio D) Compute SS between subjects and subtract it from SS within treatments to find SS error
A
The first stage of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA is identical to? A) Independent samples ANOVA B) Dependent samples ANOVA C) Independent samples T-test D) Dependent samples T-test
A
The first stage of the Two-factor ANOVA is identical to? A) Independent samples ANOVA B) Dependent samples ANOVA C) Independent samples T-test D) Dependent samples T-test
A
What is the first stage of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA? A) Compute SStotal, SSbetween treatments and SSwithin treatments B) Partition the SSbetween treatments into three separate components: differences to Factor A, to Factor B; and to the AXB interaction C) Compute the f-ratio D) Compute SS between subjects and subtract it from SS within treatments to find SS error
A
What is the second stage of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA? A) Compute SS between subjects and subtract it from SS within treatments to find SS error B) Partition the SSbetween treatments into three separate components: differences to Factor A, to Factor B; and to the AXB interaction C) Compute the f-ratio D) Compute SStotal, SSbetween treatments and SSwithin treatments
A
Which of the following is true about Repeated-measures ANOVA? A) Samples are related; not independent B) Samples are not related; independent C) Samples are related; independent D) Samples are not related; not independent
A
Significant F indicates that? A) Ho is correct B) Ho is wrong in some way C) H1 is correct D) H1 is wrong in some way
B
The Two-factor ANOVA involves ____________ independent variables? A) 1 or more B) 2 or more C) 3 or more D) 4 or more
B
The purpose of the second stage in the Repeated-Measures ANOVA is to? A) Remove the individual differences from the numerator B) Remove the individual differences from the denominator C) Add the individual differences to the numerator D) Add the individual differences to the denominator
B
What is the second stage of the Two-factor ANOVA A) Compute SS between subjects and subtract it from SS within treatments to find SS error B) Partition the SSbetween treatments into three separate components: differences to Factor A, to Factor B; and to the AXB interaction C) Compute the f-ratio D) Compute SStotal, SSbetween treatments and SSwithin treatments
B
The addition of a process to mathematically remove the individual differences variance component from the denominator of the F-ratio is? A) Not true B) The smallest change between independent-measures ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA C) The biggest change between independent-measures ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA D) The difference between repeated-measures T-test and repeated-measures ANOVA
C
What are the final calculations done for Repeated-Measures ANOVA? A) df values and variance (MS) B) df values and F-ratio C) Variance (MS) and F-ratio D) F-ratio and total SS
C
Which of the following is true about Two-Factor ANOVA? A) No independent variables are manipulated B) One independent variable is manipulated C) Two independent variables are manipulated D) Three independent variable is manipulated
C
Which of the following is true about the F-ratio? A) Small F-ratio->greater treatment differences than would be expected with no treatment effects B) Large F-ratio-> smaller treatment differences than would be expected with no treatment effects C) Larger F-ratio-greater treatment differences than would be expected with no treatment effects D) All of the above
C
A researcher conducted a Two-Factor experiment. If the results are examined with ANOVA, what does the alternative hypothesis (H1) say about the treatment? A) There is no interaction between Factors A and B B) The interaction between Factors A and B multiplies C) The interaction between Factors A and B slightly changes D) There is an interaction between Factors A and B
D
A researcher selects a repeated-measures study comparing three treatment conditions. If the results are examined with ANOVA, what does the null hypothesis (Ho) say about the treatment? A) There is one (or more) mean difference among the treatment groups B) In the population, the treatment increases each mean score by a constant amount C) The treatment multiplies each mean score by a constant amount D) In the population, there are no mean differences among the treatment groups
D
There are _______ distinct tests for the Two-Factor Analysis of Variance? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
D
Which of the following accurately describes Analysis of Variance? A) Evaluated mean differences for TWO or more groups B) Limited to ONE independent variable C) Can use the same principle of ANOVA for more complex analyses D) All of the above
D
Which of the following best describes Two-Factor ANOVA assumptions? A) the observations within each sample must be independent of each other B) the populations from which the samples are selected must be normal C) the populations from which the samples are selected must have equal variances (homogeneity of variances) D) All of the above
D
Which of the following best describes a Repeated-Measures ANOVA? A) Used to evaluate mean differences in two general situations B) Compare two or more manipulated treatment conditions using the same participants in all conditions C) Compare a group of participants at two or more different times D) All of the above
D
Which of the following best describes the F-ratio? A) Numerator measures treatment differences B) Denominator measures treatment mean differences when there is no treatment effect C) Based on variances D) All of the above
D
Which of the following best describes the Two-Factor ANOVA? A) There are three distinct tests B) Main effect of Factor A and Factor B and the interaction of A and B C) A separate F test is conducted for each D) all of the above
D
Which of the following of the Repeated-Measures Assumptions is the same as for the One-Way ANOVA Assumptions? A) the observations within each treatment must be independent B)the population distribution must be normal C) the variances of the population distribution for each treatment should be equivalent D) All of the above
D
Which of the following only explains the Repeated-Measures ANOVA and not the One-Way ANOVA assumptions? A) the observations within each treatment must be independent B)the population distribution must be normal C) the variances of the population distribution for each treatment should be equivalent D) the homogeneity of covariance is the "relative standing" of each subject that should be maintained in each treatment condition
D
Which of these best describe the individual differences of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA? A) Participant characteristics may vary considerably from one person to another B) Participant characteristics can influence measurements (DV) C) Repeated measures design allows control of the effects of participant characteristics D) All of the above
D
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, the observations within each treatment must be_____
Independent
The mean differences among levels of one factor in a Two-Factor ANOVA is known as?
Main effects
-Before therapy; after therapy; 6-month follow up -Compare vocabulary at age 3,4,5 These examples best describe what kind of experiment?
Repeated-Measures ANOVA
When using the post hoc test, substitute _______ and ________ in the formulas
SSerror dferror
Both independent and quasi-independent variables may be employed as factors in Two-Factor ANOVA. True or false?
True
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, observed differences can't be due to participant individual differences across groups- more likely to be real treatment differences. True or false?
True
When using the Post-Hoc test, _______ and _______ can be used
Tukey's HSD Scheffe
Are mean differences tested for statistical significance in a Two-Factor ANOVA?
Yes
In a Two-Factor ANOVA, is each factor evaluated independently of the other factor(S) in the study?
Yes
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, treatment moves _______ subjects up or down, not just _______
all some
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, the variances of the population distribution for each treatment should be __________
equivalent
The post hoc test is used to determine
exactly where the significant differences exist among more than two treatment means
In a Two-Factor ANOVA, the observations within each sample must be__________ of each other
independent
The mean differences between individuals treatment conditions, or cells, are different from what would be predicted from the overall main effects of the factors. This is known as?
interaction
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, the homogeneity of covariance is the "relative standing" of each subject that should be ______________ in each treatment condition
maintained
An independent variable is __________ in an experiment
manipulated
In a Repeated-Measures ANOVA, the population distribution must be _______
normal
In a Two-Factor ANOVA, the populations from which the samples are selected must be _________
normal
A quasi-independent variable is _________but defines the groups of scores in a nonexperimental study
not manipulated
Use the _____________ to determine exactly where the significant differences exist among more than two treatment means
post hoc test
The Repeated-Measures Anova follows the same idea as a Repeated-Measures t test. True or false?
true
F-ratio is based on
variances
Are individual differences removed from the denominator statistically?
yes
Are individual differences eliminated from the numerator by the reseach design?
yes because treatments contain the same people