Straighterline Anatomy & Physiology

Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites? A. distal and proximal B. medial and inferior C. superior and ventral D. anterior and deep E. lateral and superior

Distal and proximal

Which of the following is the most consistent with homeostasis? A. As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases. B. As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner. C. Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases. D. As body temperature decreases, blood vessels in the periphery dilate. E. Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.

Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.

The antebrachial region is the A. area in front of the elbow. B. chest area. C. lower back. D. bottom of foot. E. forearm.

Forearm

A major limitation of radiographs is that they A. can only visualize bone. B. give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body. C. are old technology that do not give good results. D. have very few applications.

Give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body.

The inguinal region is commonly known as the A. groin. B. buttock. C. breastbone. D. upper arm. E. naval.

Groin

Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following? A- histology B-physiology C-gross anatomy D-radiology E-cytology

Gross Anatomy

A tissue is a A. structure contained within a cell. B. lower level of organization than a cell. C. group of organs that performs specific functions. D. group of cells with similar structure and function. E. structure that contains a group of organs.

Group of cells with similar structure and function

An increase in the number of cells is A. reproduction. B. growth. C. differentiation. D. metabolism. E. organization.

Growth

Posterior means A. toward the middle or midline of the body. B. away from the surface. C. closer to the head. D. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E. toward the back of the body.

Towards the back of the body

Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the _____ plane. A. coronal B. median C. transverse D. frontal E. lateral

Transverse

The brachial region is commonly known as the A. groin. B. buttock. C. breastbone. D. upper arm. E. naval.

Upper arm

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance? A. respiratory B. lymphatic C. cardiovascular D. immune E. urinary

Urinary

Which of the following is NOT found in the epigastric region? A. liver B. stomach C. urinary bladder D. duodenum E. large intestine

Urinary bladder

The sternal region is commonly known as the A. groin. B. buttock. C. breastbone. D. upper arm. E. naval.

Breastbone

The gluteal region is commonly known as the A. groin. B. buttock. C. breastbone. D. upper arm. E. naval.

Buttock

The sural region is the A. calf. B. armpit. C. hollow behind the knee. D. neck. E. thigh.

Calf

The pectoral region is the A. area in front of the elbow. B. chest area. C. lower back. D. bottom of foot. E. forearm.

Chest area

Proximal means A. toward the middle or midline of the body. B. away from the surface. C. closer to the head. D. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E. toward the back of the body.

Closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the body

Cephalic means A. toward the middle or midline of the body. B. away from the surface. C. closer to the head. D. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E. toward the back of the body.

Closer to the head

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane. A. coronal B. nasal C. median D. transverse E. sagittal

Coronal

Which of the following activities would represent a physiological study? A-observing the structure of the interior of the heart B-studying a model of the kidney C-examining the surface of a bone D-viewing muscle tissue through a microscope E-determining normal blood sugar levels for 20 year old students

Determining normal blood sugar levels for 20 year old students

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called A. organization. B. metabolism. C. reproduction. D. growth. E. development.

Development

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pelvic cavity D. thoracic cavity E. abdominal cavity

Diaphragm

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the A. sternum. B. diaphragm. C. mediastinum. D. mesentery. E. pericardial cavity.

Diaphragm

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the A. endocrine system. B. cardiovascular system. C. skeletal system. D. respiratory system. E. digestive system.

Digestive system

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?" A. tarsals B. manuals C. digits D. carpals E. metatarsals

Digits

A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses? A. a decrease in heart rate B. an increase in the respiratory rate C. an increase in physical activity D. unconsciousness E. both a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the respiratory rate

An increase in the respiratory rate

The antecubital region is the A. area in front of the elbow. B. chest area. C. lower back. D. bottom of foot. E. forearm.

Area in front of the elbow

An organ is A. a small structure within a cell. B. a structure composed of several tissue types. C. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D. a group of organs with a common set of functions. E. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

A structure composed of several tissue types

Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology? A. A car runs out of gas and stops. B. A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students' exam papers. C. A toilet tank refills itself after a flush. D. An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it. E. A clock ticks on a shelf.

A toilet tank refills itself after a flush

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the _____ cavity. A. pleural B. thoracic C. inguinal D. pelvic E. abdominal

Abdominal

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "D" represent? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pelvic cavity D. thoracic cavity E. abdominal cavity

Abdominal Cavity

The axillary region is the A. calf. B. armpit. C. hollow behind the knee. D. neck. E. thigh.

Armpit

Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis? A. As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body. B. When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume. C. Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline. D. Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate. E. As blood pressure falls, blood flow to the heart decreases.

As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body

Deep means A. toward the middle or midline of the body. B. away from the surface. C. closer to the head. D. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E. toward the back of the body.

Away from the surface

A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when A. blood calcium levels increase. B. blood calcium levels decrease. C. blood calcium levels are stable. D. blood calcium levels are elevated. E. None of these choices is correct.

Blood calcium levels decrease

The plantar surface is the A. area in front of the elbow. B. chest area. C. lower back. D. bottom of foot. E. forearm.

Bottom of the foot

Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex. (1) cell (2) tissue (3) chemical (4) organ system (5) organ A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 C. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 D. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5 E. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

3, 1, 2, 5, 4

The mesentery is A. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

A double layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.

An organ system is A. a small structure within a cell. B. a structure composed of several tissue types. C. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D. a group of organs with a common set of functions. E. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

A group of organs with a common set of functions

An organelle is A. a small structure within a cell. B. a structure composed of several tissue types. C. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D. a group of organs with a common set of functions. E. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

A small structure within a cell

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines? A-histology B-physiology C-gross anatomy D-radiology E-regional anatomy

Histology

The popliteal region is the A. calf. B. armpit. C. hollow behind the knee. D. neck. E. thigh.

Hollow behind the knee

While Stacy is in the process of passing over the bar during a pole vault, her hips are considered to be A. anterior to her shoulders. B. posterior to her shoulders. C. inferior to her shoulders. D. superior to her shoulders. E. cephalic to her shoulders.

Inferior to her shoulders

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal in location? A. stomach B. liver C. heart D. kidney E. ovary

Kidney

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is A. medial. B. proximal. C. distal. D. lateral. E. superficial.

Lateral

The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). A. distal B. lateral C. medial D. proximal E. superficial

Lateral

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "B" represent? A. median B. right C. left D. inferior E. lateral

Left

The lumbar region is the A. area in front of the elbow. B. chest area. C. lower back. D. bottom of foot. E. forearm.

Lower back

What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? A. digital subtraction angiography B. magnetic resonance imaging C. dynamic spatial reconstruction D. positron emission tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging

What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves? A. coronal B. transverse C. median D. sagittal E. frontal

Median

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "A" represent? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pelvic cavity D. thoracic cavity E. abdominal cavity

Mediastatinum

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of A. metabolism. B. responsiveness. C. organization. D. maturation. E. development.

Metabolism

The change in the shape of tissues or organs is called A. reproduction. B. growth. C. differentiation. D. metabolism. E. morphogenesis.

Morphogenesis

Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of the principle? A-The basic structural unit of the cell B-The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition C-Movable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions D-Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function E-Negative feedback is not homeostatic

Movable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions

The umbilical region is commonly known as the A. groin. B. buttock. C. breastbone. D. upper arm. E. naval.

Naval

The cervical region is the A. calf. B. armpit. C. hollow behind the knee. D. neck. E. thigh.

Neck

Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level encompasses the other four? A. tissue B. organ system C. organ D. chemical E. cell

Organ system

The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called A. MRI. B. PET. C. DSA. D. DSR.

PET

In the anatomical position, the A. arms are crossed over the chest. B. palms of the hands face posteriorly. C. body is erect with the head turned to the right. D. thumbs point to the midline of the body. E. palms of the hands face anteriorly.

Palms of the hands face anteriorly

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the A. visceral pleural membrane. B. parietal peritoneum. C. visceral mediastinal membrane. D. visceral peritoneum. E. epicardium

Parietal peritoneum

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "E" represent? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pelvic cavity D. thoracic cavity E. abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

Which of the following is most inferior in location? A. pelvic cavity B. mediastinum C. diaphragm D. pleural cavity E. pericardial cavity

Pelvic cavity

The suffix "-itis" means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver? A. pericarditis B. peritonitis C. pleurisy D. colitis E. hepatitis

Periotonitis

Studies at the biochemical and molecular levels would be most appropriate for learning about the A-locations of body parts B-gross anatomy of bones C-physiological function of organs D-ecological niches of humans E-systemic anatomy

Physiological function of organs

A bullet enters the left lung and collapses it. Which cavity has been entered? A. mediastinal B. pericardial C. pleural D. vertebral E. cranial

Pleural

A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. neutral feedback. D. metabolism. E. There is no feedback involved.

Positive feedback

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of A. electrons in a magnetic field. B. carbons in a magnetic field. C. protons in a magnetic field. D. cells in a magnetic field.

Protons in the magnetic field

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is A. medial. B. lateral. C. superficial. D. distal. E. proximal.

Proximal

The shoulder is _____ to the elbow. A. lateral B. dorsal C. distal D. ventral E. proximal

Proximal

The integumentary system A. regulates body temperature. B. breaks down food into small particles for absorption. C. controls intellectual functions. D. produces body movements. E. coordinates and integrates body function.

Regulates body temperature

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of A. respiration. B. digestion. C. movement. D. filtration. E. responsiveness.

Responsiveness

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector A. reverses the original stimulus. B. enhances the original stimulus. C. has no effect on the original stimulus. D. is usually damaging to the body. E. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

Reverses the original stimulus

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pelvic cavity D. thoracic cavity E. abdominal cavity

Thoracic cavity

The term "dorsal" means A. further from the point of attachment to the body. B. to lie with the anterior surface down. C. toward the back of the body. D. away from the midline. E. toward the front of the body.

Toward the back of the body

Medial means A. toward the middle or midline of the body. B. away from the surface. C. closer to the head. D. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E. toward the back of the body.

Toward the midline of the body

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "A" represent? A. median B. right C. left D. inferior E. lateral

Right

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the appendix? A. hypogastric B. right iliac C. right lumbar D. umbilical E. left iliac

Right Iliac

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane. A. sagittal B. transverse C. frontal D. horizontal E. coronal

Sagittal

The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the A. shoulder to the wrist. B. elbow to the wrist. C. shoulder to the elbow. D. elbow to the fingers. E. shoulder to the fingers.

Shoulder to the elbow

What organ system is the location of blood cell production? A. cardiovascular B. skeletal C. digestive D. nervous E. endocrine

Skeletal

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints? A. muscular B. nervous C. cardiovascular D. skeletal E. lymphatic

Skeletal

An anatomic image created from sound waves is a A. radiograph. B. CT scan. C. MRI. D. sonogram.

Sonogram

Which of the following describes the position of the nose? A. inferior to the chin B. superior to the mouth C. posterior to the ears D. lateral to the eyes E. superior to the forehead

Superior to the mouth

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together? A-Regional B-Developmental C-Systemic D-Histology E-Surface Anatomy

Systemic

Homeostasis is defined as A. the production of energy by cells. B. the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release. C. an amplification of deviation from the normal range. D. the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body. E. conditions in the body that do not involve fluctuation.

The maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

The parietal pericardium is A. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

The membrane that lines the pericardial sac

The visceral pleura is A. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

The serous membrane that covers the lungs

The parietal peritoneum is A. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

The pleural cavity is the A. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

The space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

Anatomy is: A-study of function B-a branch of physiology C-the study of structure D-the study of living organisms E-the study of homeostais

The study of structure

The femoral region is the A. calf. B. armpit. C. hollow behind the knee. D. neck. E. thigh.

Thigh

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? A. nervous B. cardiovascular C. urinary D. lymphatic E. respiratory

cardiovascular system

9. The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is A. cytology. B. histology. C. molecular biology. D. microbiology. E. surface anatomy

cytology

The study of the body's organization by areas is A. systemic anatomy. B. regional anatomy. C. molecular biology. D. microbiology. E. surface anatomy.

regional anatomy

10. The study of tissues is A. cytology. B. histology. C. molecular biology. D. microbiology. E. surface anatomy.

histology

Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system? A. integumentary B. lymphatic C. cardiovascular D. muscular E. hormonal

hormonal

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine ho w changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n) A. neurologist. B. anatomist. C. physiologist. D. engineer. E. histologist

physiologist

The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is A. systemic anatomy. B. regional anatomy. C. molecular biology. D. microbiology. E. surface anatomy.

surface anatomy

A cell is A. a small structure within a cell. B. a structure composed of several tissue types. C. the basic structural unit of plants and animals. D. a group of organs with a common set of functions. E. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

the basic structural unit of plants and animals