strangers to these shores chapter 4
anglo-conformity
a behavioral adherence to the established white anglo-saxon protestant prototype; what many ethnocentric u.s. residents mean by assimilation.
split labor/dual market theory
a concept explaining ethnic antagonism on the basis of conflict between higher-paid and lower-paid labor
avoidance
a minorities groups response to prejudice and discrimination by migrating or withdrawing to escape further problems
acceptance
a minorities response to prejudice and discrimination based on powerlessness, fear for personal safety, desire for economic security or split market theory fatalism.
middle man minority
a minority group occupying an intermediate occupational position in trade or commerce between the top and bottom strata
marital assimilation (amalgamation)
a pattern of intermarriage of minority-group members with a dominant-group members.
defiance
a peaceful or violent action to challenge openly what a group considers a discriminatory practice
labeling theory
a perspective addressing how others categorizing affects ones identity and behavior.
social segregation
a situation in which participation in social, fraternal, service and other types of activities is confined to members of the ingroup
accommodation (pluralistic) theory
a tendency to accept the situation as it exists, without seeking to change it or make others conform; pluralism
deviance
behavior violating social norms and therefore negativity valued by many people in that society.
acculturation/ cultural assimilation
changing cultural patterns of behavior to those of the host society
structural pluralism
coexistence of racial and ethnic groups in separate sub societies; also may be divided along social class and regional boundaries
vicious circle phenomenon
dynamics of inter group relation where prejudice and discrimination serve as reciprocal stimuli and responses reinforce on another.
ethnic group identity
exists when individuals choose to emphasize cultural or national ties as the basis for their primary social interactions and sense of self.
underground economy
individuals or businesses that deal in cash "under the table" and "off the books" so income is not reported and thus not taxed
secondary structural assimilation
integration in which dominant and minority group members share the more impersonal public sphere of civic, school, recreational or work settings.
primary structural assimilation
integration in which dominate and minority group members share close, personal interactions in churches, families, social clubs or gatherings.
structural assimilation
large-scale entrance of minority group members into primary group relationships with the host society in its social organizations and institutions
cumulative causation / vicious circle
process in which prejudice and discrimination mutually "cause" each other, there by continuing and intensifying the cycle.
amalgamation (melting-pot) theory
the biological and cultural blending of two or more groups of people into a distinct new type; the melting pot theory. a synonym is marital assimilation.
americanization movement
the effort to have ethnic groups quickly give up their cultural traits and adopt those of the dominant u.s. group.
annihilation
the extermination of a specific group of people
expulsion
the forced removal of a group of people from an area
xenophobia
the irrational fear of or contempt for strangers or foreigners
spatial segregation
the physical separation of a minority group from the rest of society, such as housing or education
negative self image
the result of social conditioning, differential treatment or both, causing people or groups to believe themselves inferior.
exploitation
the selfish use of the labor of others for profit at their expense
marginality
the situation of individuals who are the product of one culture but are attempting to live within another, and therefore are not fully a part of either one
cultural pluralism
two or more culturally distinct groups coexisting in relative harmony