Structure of a Neuron

processes of neuron

extensions of the neuron cell body

trigger area

first part of the axon where the action potential begins

axon

longer process than dendrite, extends from the axon hillock. (changes in membrane potential travel to the axon hillock where they are integrated to determine whether an action potential will be initiated in the axon)

neurons

longest cells in the body (can be over 3ft long) 3 basic parts: dendrites, cell body, and an axon.

axon terminals

neurotransmitter molecules are released from axon terminals and transmit signals across a synapse to other neurons or to effectors such as muscles or glands.

dendrites

receive information from receptors or other neurons and sent it as a change in membrane potential to the neuron cell body.

axon collaterals

side branches of axon

cell body

soma, have most of the organelles that are present in other types of cells.

axon hillock

triangular or cone-shaped area of the cell body