STS FINALS

Hedonism

For Hedonists, life is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is limited. "Eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die." Led by Epicurus

Materialism

There is no need to posit immaterial entities as sources of purpose. Only material entities matter The first materialists were Democritus and Leucippus. Atomos simply comes together randomly to form the things in the world.

Stoicism

To generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic. The original term, apatheia, precisely means to be indifferent. For stoics, happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy. Led by Epicurus

Full Autonomy

- can perform action or activities without a master/operator.

Partial Autonomy

- includes active human-robot interaction.

Pollution and Contamination

- biological system respond slowly to changes in their surrounding environment.

Global Climate

- both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss.

Humanism

teaches about the freedom of man to carve his own destiny. Man is literally the captain of his own ship and they are free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls. it is the spirit of the most scientists. They used technology to attempt to alter the world for the benefit of humans and for the improvement of their lives.

Claude E. Shanzon

"Father of Information Theory." he published a paper proposing that information can be quantitatively encoded as a sequence of ones and zeroes. Several historians trace the origin of the internet to him.He worked at Bell Laboratories and at age 32,

Martin Heidegger

, a philosopher, argued that its essence or purpose, and being are different from each other He said that we can escape this bondage to technology, not by rejecting it but by perceiving its danger.

Atomic Force Microscope

- Developed by Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate and Cristoph Gerber in 1986. It uses mechanical probe that gathers information from the surface of a material.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

- It can view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms and small molecules. This invention won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Stem Cell Gene Therapy

- Stem cells are mother cells that have the potential to become any type of cells in the body. This is derived from different two sources. The embryonic stem cells which derived from a four or fiveyear day old human embryo that is in blastocyst and the somatic stem cells which exist throughout the body after an embryonic development

Top-down Fabrication

- This method trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale materials and disregard excess raw materials.

Bottom-Up Fabrication

- This type of manufacturing creates a small sale atom-size materials but the scientists saw that it is time consuming and needs to conduct more research in improving this method.

Personal Service Robot

- a service robot that is used for noncommercial task, usually by laypersons.

Professional Service Robot

- a service robot used for commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained operator

Alterations in Ecosystem Composition

- alterations and sudden change, either within species groups or within the environment could begin change the entire ecosystem.

Somatic Gene Therapy

- involves the manipulation of genes in cells that will be helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next generation., the genes of the donor is injected to the patient to fix the abnormal state of the patient. But the traits of the donor's genes cannot be pass to the future generations of the patient.

Over-exploitation

- over hunting, over fishing, or even collecting of species can quickly lead to its decline.

Habitat Loss and Destruction

- the major contribution factor is the inhabitation of human beings and the use of land for economic gains.

Vector

- vehicles of gene delivery; agent that carries genetically modified cells (e.g. recombinant DNA)

Germ-line Gene Therapy

-involves the genetic modification of germ cells or origin cells that will pass the change on to the next generation. the traits of the donor's genes are acquitted to the patient's next generation because this germ cells are the sperm and egg cells.

POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. ICT and semiconductors 2. Health and Medicine 3. Energy 4. Food and Agriculture 5. Environment

Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics

1. Safety 2. Emotional Component

How to Check the Reliability of the Web Sources

1.Who is the author of the article/site? 2.Who published the site? 3.What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author write it and why did the publisher post it? 4.Who is the intended audience? 5.What is the quality of information provided on the website?

Science and result

A scientific result must always be objective; it must be stated as a derived fact, untainted by the personal opinion of the scientist reporting it

Martin Cooper

A senior engineer at Motorola, made the world first mobile phone call was known as Motorola DynaTAC 8000X on April 3, 1973,

Falsification Theory

A standard of evaluation of putatively scientific theories, according to which a theory is genuinely scientific only if it is possible in principle establish. Theories that are not falsifiable are scientific. introduced by Karl Popper an Austrian-British Philosopher who considered as one of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th Century.

PERSONAL COMPUTER / LAPTOPS

Are commonly used of people who is working on offices.They have a wide screen and separate keyboard who make easier to do wok than in mobile phones. Also it can be used in playing video games; you can also watch videos here.

EUDAEMONIA

Aristotle used it to describe the pinnacle of Happiness that is attainable by humans. As discuss to NICOMACHEAN ETHICS,

6th mass extinction event

According to experts Earth might enter the ?

Holocene (Anthropocene) Extinction

Also called sixth extinction Occurred between 100,000 to 200,000 years ago up to present Pertains to the ongoing extinction of several species (flora and fauna) due to human activity.

Softwares

BLAST (used for comparing sequences) Annotator (an interactive genome analysis tool); and Gene Finder (tool to identify coding regions and splice sites)

Plato

Believed that things in this world are not real, AND For him any particular material thing is subject to change but the "whatness" of a thing does not change.

Nanomanufacturing

Bottom-up Fabrication Top-down Fabrication

Viruses

Common type of vector that can genetically carry normal human DNA

Vulnerable Subpopulation

a group of an increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of environmental risk factor. They are the ones that we should look at the most when there are chenges in environment but at this time, almost all in the population is part of this group

Verification Theory

Doctrine that only statements are empirically verifiable are cognitively meaningful or else they are the truths of logic

first dilemma which is the children are being lazy and unhealthy second dilemma which is the moral dilemma, the children who are not yet capable in deciding what is right and wrong

Ethical Dilemma Faced by Technological Advancements

1. Safety 2. Emotional Component

Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics

Motorola DynaTAC 8000x

First mobile phone call/first commercial mobile phone that is available to the public made by Martin Cooper at Motorola on April 3, 1973

Electron Microscope

German engineers Ernst Ruska and Marx Knoll built the first electron microscope during the 1930s. This type of microscope can produce way better imaging other than other microscopes and can magnify objects up to million times.

Aristotle

Greek Philosopher who coined the term EUDAEMONIA He used it to describe the pinnacle of Happiness that is attainable by humans

Threats to Biodiversity

Habitat Loss and Destruction Alterations in Ecosystem Composition Pollution and Contamination Over-exploitation Global Climate

MOBILE PHONES

It has a great impact in people daily lives. It is primarily used for communication. Helps to communicate to our loved ones even they are miles away via chat, text or call this technology is so called "handy" you can bring it anywhere, anytime. It is like ALLIN-ONE gadget.

information

It is "knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or circumstances. It is a very important tool for survival.

DESIRE

It is a collaborative project sponsored by Germany since it is a part of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research's "Service Robotics Innovation Lead Initiative". that was launched on October 1, 2005 expected to perform the following: 1. Clear up the kitchen table. 2. Fill the dishwasher. 3. Clear up this room.

Personal Computer (PC)

It is a single-user instrument, were first known as microcomputers since they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the enormous system operated by most businesses.

Computers

It is an electronic device that stores and processes data (information). are the most important contributions of advances in the Information Age to society.

Desktop Computer

It is described as a PC that is not designed for portability. The assumption with a desktop is that it will be set up in a permanent spot.

EUDAEMONIA

It means HAPPINESS or WELFARE more accurately HUMAN FLOURISHING. EU"- Good "DAIMON"- Spirit or Good Spirited

Server

It refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network services to other computers. Servers usually boast powerful processors, tons of memory, and large hard drives.

Speed

One early problem faced by Internet users

DISTINCT FEATURES OF NANOSCALE

Scale at which much biology occurs Scales at which quantum effects dominate properties of materials Nanoscale materials have far larger surface areas than similar masses of larger-scale

Science as Education

Science is defined as "the intellectual and practical activity that encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment". Science has a great impact in education especially with the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum. This program aims to develop scientific literacy among learners that will prepare them to be informed and participative citizens

Embryonic stem cells

Stem cells derived from a four or five day old human embryo that is in blastocyst . It can develop into each of more than 200 cell types of the adult body as long as they are specified to do so.

somatic stem cells

Stem cells which exist throughout the body after an embryonic development that can be found in the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels as well as in the liver.

science

Study of the natural world based on Facts learned through experiments and observation.

Theism

The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the communion with God.

Mainframes

These are huge computer systems that can fill an entire room. They are used specially by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines that process millions of transactions every day.

Environment-Related Illnesses

These are illnesses that you can caught from environment (Parkinson's disease, heart disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes, obesity, occupational injuries, dysentry, arthritis, malaria and depression. )

Laptops

These are portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop computer in a battery-powered package, which are somewhat larger than a typical hardcover book. They are commonly called notebooks.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

These are tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input. They are typically smaller than a paperback, lightweight, and battery-powered.

.Wearable Computers

They involve materials that are usually integrated into cell phones, watches, and other small objects or places. They perform common computer applications such as databases, email, multimedia, and scheduler

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

a United Nations body that evaluates climate change science, released its report on climate change. The report's important conclusions were the following: World's climate has changed significantly over the past century The significant change has human influences Using climate models and if the trend continues, the global mean surface temperature will increase between 1° and 3.5° by 2100

Charles Babbage

a nineteenth-century English Mathematics professor who designed the Analytical Engine which was used as the basic framework of the computers even until the present time.

SWISS-PROT

a protein sequence database that was initiated in 1986. It now has about 70,000 protein sequence from more than 5,000 model organisms, a small fraction of all known organisms. This data resources are available in public domain and now available for study and research

Venus Figurines

a term given to a collection of prehistoric statuettes of women made during the paleolithic period.

Karl Popper

an Austrian-British Philosopher introduced the falsification theory

Annotator

an interactive genome analysis tool

Stem cells

are mother cells that have the potential to become any type of cells in the body. This is derived from different two sources (The embryonic stem cells and the somatic stem cells )

Asimov's Laws

by strictly following this laws it can be concluded that robots are ethical because the laws formulated by Isaac Asimov in 1940, ensure the safety of not only the users of the technology but also the people around him. robots also have their set of rules and characteristics that define what good robot is. Law One: A robot may not injure a human being Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given by human beings Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence

technology

came from the Greek word technē & logcs which mean art and word. Taking the two words together means a discourse on arts the concept was only used to talk about applied arts. The concept also started to have a wider range of meaning where art is no longer the only topic included when technology progressed

Information age

defines as period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century The information became effortlessly accessible through publication and through the management of information by computers and computer networks. That means all of us can access to a kind of information that we need through just searching on the internet also called the Digital age and the New Media because it was associated with the development of computers.

Marco Lambertini

described that the disappearance of wildlife is at an unprecedented rate.

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

directors of a Standford research project, build a (Google) search engine that listed results to reflect page popularity when they determined that the most popular result would frequently be the most usable.

Ethical Dilemma Faced by Technological Advancements

first dilemma which is the children are being lazy and unhealthy second dilemma which is the moral dilemma, the children who are not yet capable in deciding what is right and wrong

Aristotle

first philosopher who approached the problem of reality from a scientific lens and first thinker who dabbled into the complex problematization of the end goal in life: happiness. also argued that the world is the only reality we can all access human beings aspire for their actuality just as how materials start from potentialities and move toward actuality.

Flints

hard, tough chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock that breaks with a chonchoidal fracture. Usually found along streams and beaches.

Martin Heidegger

his statement, technology is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science. The goals of both science and technology and human flourishing are related in that Good is inherently related to truth

Bioethics

is a brach of applied ethics that studies the philosophical, social, and leagal issues arising in medicine and life sciences. It is chiefly concerned with human life and well being, though it sometimes also treats ethical questions relating to the nonhuman biological environment first coined in 1971 (some say by university of wisconsin Profesor Van Rensselaer Potter; others by fellows of the Kennedy Institute in Washington D.C.)

Robots

is a machine - especially one programmable by a computer - capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. It play different roles not only in the lives of the people but also in the society. They are primarily used to ease the workload of mankind. They perform complicated activities which human beings are incapable of doing to make life more efficient and less stressful. On one hand they help their master at home with complex ones in a simplest way without stressing themselves. In addition, there are some made for pleasure and to entertain humans

service robots

is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation application. assist their masters in their everyday tasks

internet

is a worldwide system of interconnected networks that facilitate data transmission among innumerable computers. In the early days, it was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. It was remained under government control until 1984.

Biodiversity

is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth. the variety of life in the world in a particular habitat or ecosystem. is a vital element of a human being's nutrition. can be considered as the foundation for human health because it support the functioning of the ecosystems on which we depend for our food, fresh water, etc. It also contributes to local livelihood, to both traditional and modern medicine and to economic development.

science as social endeavor

is to solve various problems, satisfy various needs and sustain the development of society with the help of scientific knowledge. It is called that way because every outcome of scientific studies will give benefits to the society.

TELEVISIONS

is used for platform advertisement and information dissemination and also for entertainments and education used by almost all Filipinos, most of the time, they watch during their free time or any time of the day when they have nothing important to do.

Robots

it is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform intended tasks. ( IFR, 2012) Another great product of the innovative minds of the people The earliest conception can be traced back to the Egyptians around 3000 B.C.They built mechanical devices that carry out a specific task regularly

Flintknapping

method of shaping flint into useful objects.

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

people in this period are nomads paint the walls cultivate plants domesticate animals

Early Leaders

portrayed exceptional strength among their group physical strength was valued at most although there appeared to be a many intellectually gifted figures just the same innovators primarily the ones behind discoveries and triumphs of these civilizations

genetic engineering (GE )

refers to techniques used to manipulate the genetic composition of an organism by adding specific genes

Climate change

refers to the statistically significant changes in climate for continuous period of time. The cause of climate change could be natural or by human activities.

Unimate

the earliest robots created by George Devol in the early 1950's. His first creation named from the words "Universal Automation".

Gene Finder

tool to identify coding regions and splice sites

BLAST

used for comparing sequences

James R. Messenger

who supposed the theory of information aged in 1982, is true new age because of the interconnection of computers via telecommunication, because it operates the information system on both real time and as needed basis.

BIOINFORMATICS

• One of the significant applications of computers for science and research • It's the application of information technology to store, organize, and analyze vast amount of biological data which is available in the form of sequences and structures of proteins—the building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids--the information carrier • In plant biotechnology, is found to be useful in the areas of identifying diseases resistance genes and designing plants with high nutrition value Pharmaceutical industry`s point of view, is the key to rational drug discovery