STS lesson 1

War weapons

For open-area battles, people developed cross brows and long bows so that they could attack the enemies at long ranges, keeping themselves safe with the protection of walls and fortresses. • For close-range hand-to-hand combat, soldiers should wear something to protect themselves, hence the creation of iron body armors.

Telephone

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell

Johann Gutenberg

Invented the printing press. He utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression in paper.

Roman numerals

Romans devised their own number system specifically to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns.

Calculator

The creation of __________ did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.

Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

This trap system is made of natural ingedients that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for humans and the environment.

Dr. Fe del Mundo

a Filipino pediatrician and the first Asian woman admitted into Harvard Medical School, devised a medical incubator made form indigenous and cheap materials which did not run on electricity.

Zacharias Janssen

developed the first compound microscope

Samuel M. Kier

invented kerosene by refining petroleum

Chinese Civilization

o It is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia. o Also known as the middle kingdom, China is located on the far east of Asia,

Telescope

optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects, was a great help for navigators during this time.

Printing Press

was invented to address the need for publishing books that would spread information to many people at a faster rate.

Kerosene

was later on referred to as "illuminating oil" because it was used at first to provide lighting to homes.

Medical Incubator

was made by placing a native laundry basket inside a bigger one. Hot water bottles were inserted between the baskets to provide warmth and a makeshift hood to allow oxygen circulation.

Alarm clock

• The ancient Greek's alarm clocks used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. • They made use of water (or sometimes small stones or sand) that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm. • Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm clock to signal the start of his lecture,

Tea production

• A beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves. • It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor. • Tea production was developed when an unknown Chinese inventor created a machine that was able to shred tea leaves into strips.

Society

• A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same special or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations

Science

• A system of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific method. • It was originally called "philosophy of the natural world" • The first scientist were called "philosophers of nature."

Hieroglyphics

• A system of writing using symbols

Technology

• Came from the Greek words: tekhne meaning "art or craft" and logia, meaning a "subject or interest." • "Practical applications of what we know about nature" using scientific principles for the betterment of the human situation. • Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life.

bound books or codex

• Civilizations became fond of record-keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws. • According to sources, Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. • Later on, they were able to provide covers to protect the papyrus. • With the papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal skin, the ancient Roman Empire was able to produce the first books or Codex.

Uruk City

• Considered to be the first true city in the world • There were no building stones in the location of this city and lumber was limited. • The Sumerians were able to build the city using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks.

Inks

• Egyptians invented ______ by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. The ink must withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture and codified laws.

Cosmetics

• Egyptians wore Kohl around their eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. • Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena. • Egyptians believed that a person wearing make-up was protected from evil and the beauty was a sign of holiness.

Cuneiform

• First writing system • A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry.

Roads

• In order to facilitate faster and easier travel, the Sumerians developed this • The invention of _______ was very useful especially during rainy season when travelling in soft and muddy roads proved to be difficult

Pasteurization

• Invented by Louis Pasteur. • The process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. • Through this process, milk could be stored and consumed for a longer period • It also prevented illnesses caused by harmful bacteria

Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

• It is an amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes. It may also be utilized to travel from island to island.

Great wall of China

• It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of China. • The structure was said to have literally divided China from the rest of the world

The Plow

• It was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace. As the plow breaks the ground, the farmer would just drop the seeds and farm work would already be done.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

• It was said to be a structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines. • According to legends, the great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife, Queen Amytis. • However, no physical evidence has been found to prove the existence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

Gunpowder

• Originally developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality. • They mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate, but instead of creating an elixir of life, they accidentally invented a black powder that could actually generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant. • It is widely used to propel bullets from guns and cannons which cause countless deaths.

Paper of Papyrus

• Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. • They were able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things. • Since papyrus was lighter and thinner than clay tablets, it was easy to carry and store

Wheel

• The _______ were not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes.

Newspaper

• The ________, known as Gazettes, contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. • Made before the invention of paper, these gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed.

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

• The _________ , also called the mountain of god, was built in the same manner as they constructed the City of Uruk. • The ziggurat served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priest were allowed to enter.

E jeepney

• The jeepney is an iconic public utility vehicle was built using the military jeeps left by the Americans after World War II. It was considered as the primary mode of transportation of most Filipinos. • However, the diesel-powered jeepney produces large quantities of black smoke and is usually a major contributor of noise pollution. • To counter the disadvantages, the electric jeepney (E-jeepney) was developed. • It utilizes electricity instead of the more expensive diesel.

Water Mill

• They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was necessary form of food processing during that time. • They only required access to rivers or flowing water where a mechanism of a large wheel with small "buckets" of water attached to it could be installed.

Water Clocks

• This device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full.

Sailboats

• _________ were used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distances. However, they wanted to discover faraway lands to settle since the population was getting larger. • They needed a mode of transportation that did not require much human resource.

Summerian Civilization

• is located in the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia

Roman Architecture

• is one of the most visual contributions of the ancient Roman Empire to the world. • Although considered a continuation of Greek architecture, it was still regarded as pioneering since the Romans were able to adapt new building and engineering technology on architectural designs established in the past.

Silk

• resulted in the creation of a product for trade. It opened China to the outside world, making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges.

Wigs

• were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes. • were used to protect the shaves heads of the wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun.

Irrigation and Dikes

•The Sumerians created ___________ canals to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers. • Considered as one of the world's most beneficial engineering works