SURVEYING Quiz 1

large

"true shape of the earth must be taken into consideration only in precise surveys of -- extent"

ruled

"what can be mapped can be --"

geodetic, earth

(professional surveying) -- and other --related sciences to the analysis, design, and execution of surveying and mapping projects and design of land mapping and IS

mathematical, computational

(professional surveying) applicable -- and -- theories and principles

record, tenure

(professional surveying) land -- and land -- concepts

subdivision

(professional surveying) land planning and development concepts pertinent to -- of land and property surveys

land use

(professional surveying) laws related to boundaries and --

boundary

(professional surveying) legal principles of -- limits

accuracy

(professional surveying) natural and other forces which affect positional --

surveying

(professional surveying) science of -- measurement

coastlines

(uses of surveying) charting of -- and navigable streams and lakes

magnetism

(uses of surveying) collection of valuable facts concerning the earth's -- at widely scatted stations throughout the country

boundaries

(uses of surveying) establishment of -- of land

national, state

(uses of surveying) fixing of -- and -- boundaries

reference

(uses of surveying) precise location of definite -- points throughout the country

stride, double step

2 paces is equivalent to a -- or a --

electronic distance measuring

EDM

global positioning system

GPS

total station

a combination electronic transit and edm device; angles and distances are surveyed and determined

gunter's chain

by sir edmund gunter (1620)

eratosthenes

calculated a near perfect distance between alexandria and syene

electro-optical, electromagnetic

classifications of edm

non metallic tape

coated with plastic material; reduce effects of moisture, humidity, abrasion; safe to use around elect. installations

pacing

consists of counting number of steps or paces in a distance; furnishes rapid means of approx checking more precise measurements of distance

control survey

consists of establishment of horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points

pace

defined as length of step in walking

surveying, geodesy, remote sensing & photogrammetry, cartography, geographic info systems, GPS

disciplines under geomatics

pyramid of giza

egyptian structure which used concepts of surveying

geodimeter

equipment under electro-optical

tellurometer

equipment under electromagnetic

romans

established school of surveying

nylon coated steel tape

flexible and crack resistant; steel core tape; coated with permanently bonded non conducting nylon; resistant to corrosion and rust

angles, horizontal and vertical distances, areas, volumes

in surveying, measurements are usually concentrated on:

taping

involves direct measurement of distances with steel tape; most common method

invar tape

made of alloy of nickel and steel; "invariable"; used for precise measurements; 10x as expensive as steel; easily bent and damaged

topographic survey

made to secure data from which may be made a topo map indicating config of terrain and location of natural and human made objects

5-10 km

maximum range of geodimeter during daytime

25-30km

maximum range of geodimeter during nighttime

edm equipment

measurement of distance is based on invariant speed of light or electromagnetic waves in a vacuum

less than 75 km

operating long range of edm

25 - 75 km

operating medium range of edm

25 km

operating short range of edm

direct methods

pacing and mechanical counters, taping, edm

pedometer

pager sized device worn on belt that records number of steps made based on body's movement (hips)

property survey

performed to determine length and direction of lot lines and to establish position of these line on ground

construction survey

performed to layout, locate and monitor public and private engineering works

babylon

place where surveying was first recorded

surveying measurements

process of determining extent or dimensions of a particular quantity in comparison to a given standard

ptolemy

produced maps

surveyor

professional person with academic qualification and technical expertise to practice science of measurement, assemble and assess geographic related info, use that info for purpose of planning and implementing efficient admin of land, sea and structures thereon, instigate advancement and dev. of such practices

lovar tape

properties and costs bet steel and invar tapes

town planning, map making, building of roads and aqueducts

reasons why school of surveying was established

uses of pacing

reconnaissance surveys, small scale mapping, locating details, traversing with plane table

hydrographic survey

refers to surveys of bodies of water for purposes of navigation, water supply, or subaqueous construction

route survey

refers to those control, topographic and construction surveys necessary for location and construction of lines of transportation or communication such as highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines and pipelines

passometer

registers pace by impact each time foot touches ground; about size of a watch

steel tape

ribbon of steel; for most conventional measurements in surveying and engineering works

phosphor-bronze tape

rust proof; used in vicinity of salt water

geomatics

science concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the earth's physical features and the built environment

builder's tape

smaller cross sections and lighter than engineers tape; graduated to suit commonly used dimensions in building constructions

factors affecting length of pace

speed of pacing, roughness of ground, weight of clothing and shoes, fatigue on part of pacer, slope of terrain, age and sex of indiv

indirect methods

tacheometry, graphical and mathematical, photogrammetry, GPS

geodetic surveying

takes into account true shape of earth

modern definition of surveying

the art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near surface of earth or other extraterrestrial bodies thru applied math and use of specialized equipment and techniques

traditional definition of surveying

the art of making measurement of the relative positions of natural and manmade features on earth's surface, and the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically

surveyor's responsibility

to design a survey and execute the required field operations which would entail designating the type, extent, and procedure of measurements to be undertaken

uses of edm

traversing, engineering constructions, trilateration, optical tooling, triangulation

plane surveying

type of surveying which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected

wires

used before thin flat steel tapes; still practical in hydrographic surveys

photogrammetric survey

utilizes principle of aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, in which measurements made on photographs are used to determine positions of photographed objects

mine survey

utilizes principles for land, geologic and topographic surveying to control, locate, and map underground and surface works related to mining operations

metallic tape

woven tapes; made of water proof linen fabric; woven longitudinally with small brass, copper, or bronze; for short distances; unsuitable for precise measurements and around elect. installations

fiberglass tape

woven with fiberglass (longitudinal and transverse); strong and flexible; best used around elect. equipment