SURVEYING Quiz 1
large
"true shape of the earth must be taken into consideration only in precise surveys of -- extent"
ruled
"what can be mapped can be --"
geodetic, earth
(professional surveying) -- and other --related sciences to the analysis, design, and execution of surveying and mapping projects and design of land mapping and IS
mathematical, computational
(professional surveying) applicable -- and -- theories and principles
record, tenure
(professional surveying) land -- and land -- concepts
subdivision
(professional surveying) land planning and development concepts pertinent to -- of land and property surveys
land use
(professional surveying) laws related to boundaries and --
boundary
(professional surveying) legal principles of -- limits
accuracy
(professional surveying) natural and other forces which affect positional --
surveying
(professional surveying) science of -- measurement
coastlines
(uses of surveying) charting of -- and navigable streams and lakes
magnetism
(uses of surveying) collection of valuable facts concerning the earth's -- at widely scatted stations throughout the country
boundaries
(uses of surveying) establishment of -- of land
national, state
(uses of surveying) fixing of -- and -- boundaries
reference
(uses of surveying) precise location of definite -- points throughout the country
stride, double step
2 paces is equivalent to a -- or a --
electronic distance measuring
EDM
global positioning system
GPS
total station
a combination electronic transit and edm device; angles and distances are surveyed and determined
gunter's chain
by sir edmund gunter (1620)
eratosthenes
calculated a near perfect distance between alexandria and syene
electro-optical, electromagnetic
classifications of edm
non metallic tape
coated with plastic material; reduce effects of moisture, humidity, abrasion; safe to use around elect. installations
pacing
consists of counting number of steps or paces in a distance; furnishes rapid means of approx checking more precise measurements of distance
control survey
consists of establishment of horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points
pace
defined as length of step in walking
surveying, geodesy, remote sensing & photogrammetry, cartography, geographic info systems, GPS
disciplines under geomatics
pyramid of giza
egyptian structure which used concepts of surveying
geodimeter
equipment under electro-optical
tellurometer
equipment under electromagnetic
romans
established school of surveying
nylon coated steel tape
flexible and crack resistant; steel core tape; coated with permanently bonded non conducting nylon; resistant to corrosion and rust
angles, horizontal and vertical distances, areas, volumes
in surveying, measurements are usually concentrated on:
taping
involves direct measurement of distances with steel tape; most common method
invar tape
made of alloy of nickel and steel; "invariable"; used for precise measurements; 10x as expensive as steel; easily bent and damaged
topographic survey
made to secure data from which may be made a topo map indicating config of terrain and location of natural and human made objects
5-10 km
maximum range of geodimeter during daytime
25-30km
maximum range of geodimeter during nighttime
edm equipment
measurement of distance is based on invariant speed of light or electromagnetic waves in a vacuum
less than 75 km
operating long range of edm
25 - 75 km
operating medium range of edm
25 km
operating short range of edm
direct methods
pacing and mechanical counters, taping, edm
pedometer
pager sized device worn on belt that records number of steps made based on body's movement (hips)
property survey
performed to determine length and direction of lot lines and to establish position of these line on ground
construction survey
performed to layout, locate and monitor public and private engineering works
babylon
place where surveying was first recorded
surveying measurements
process of determining extent or dimensions of a particular quantity in comparison to a given standard
ptolemy
produced maps
surveyor
professional person with academic qualification and technical expertise to practice science of measurement, assemble and assess geographic related info, use that info for purpose of planning and implementing efficient admin of land, sea and structures thereon, instigate advancement and dev. of such practices
lovar tape
properties and costs bet steel and invar tapes
town planning, map making, building of roads and aqueducts
reasons why school of surveying was established
uses of pacing
reconnaissance surveys, small scale mapping, locating details, traversing with plane table
hydrographic survey
refers to surveys of bodies of water for purposes of navigation, water supply, or subaqueous construction
route survey
refers to those control, topographic and construction surveys necessary for location and construction of lines of transportation or communication such as highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines and pipelines
passometer
registers pace by impact each time foot touches ground; about size of a watch
steel tape
ribbon of steel; for most conventional measurements in surveying and engineering works
phosphor-bronze tape
rust proof; used in vicinity of salt water
geomatics
science concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the earth's physical features and the built environment
builder's tape
smaller cross sections and lighter than engineers tape; graduated to suit commonly used dimensions in building constructions
factors affecting length of pace
speed of pacing, roughness of ground, weight of clothing and shoes, fatigue on part of pacer, slope of terrain, age and sex of indiv
indirect methods
tacheometry, graphical and mathematical, photogrammetry, GPS
geodetic surveying
takes into account true shape of earth
modern definition of surveying
the art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near surface of earth or other extraterrestrial bodies thru applied math and use of specialized equipment and techniques
traditional definition of surveying
the art of making measurement of the relative positions of natural and manmade features on earth's surface, and the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically
surveyor's responsibility
to design a survey and execute the required field operations which would entail designating the type, extent, and procedure of measurements to be undertaken
uses of edm
traversing, engineering constructions, trilateration, optical tooling, triangulation
plane surveying
type of surveying which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected
wires
used before thin flat steel tapes; still practical in hydrographic surveys
photogrammetric survey
utilizes principle of aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, in which measurements made on photographs are used to determine positions of photographed objects
mine survey
utilizes principles for land, geologic and topographic surveying to control, locate, and map underground and surface works related to mining operations
metallic tape
woven tapes; made of water proof linen fabric; woven longitudinally with small brass, copper, or bronze; for short distances; unsuitable for precise measurements and around elect. installations
fiberglass tape
woven with fiberglass (longitudinal and transverse); strong and flexible; best used around elect. equipment