T38 NAV CHECK

What conditions must apply for a pilot to accept clearance to navigate direct to a radial/DME fix?

- The Aircraft must be RNAV capable - The flight must be conducted where radar monitoring by ATC is available - The locally defined arrival/departure procedures must have been authorized by the FAA - An operational necessity must dictate the requirement AETCMAN11-251 7.10.1

What is the standard no wind length of the inbound leg of a holding pattern at or below 14,000? Above 14,000?

-1 minute at or below 14,000 feet MSL -1½ above 14,000 feet MSL. AFMAN 11-217V1 8.1.1

If you are going to fly a high altitude penetration, what items must you check before the IAF?

-review the IAP -recheck the weather (if appropriate) -check the heading and attitude systems -obtain clearance for the approach. -if not holding reduce to penetration airspeed or below before reaching the IAF. -accomplish checklists IAW tech order AFMAN 11-217V1 9.4.2

What is the allowable DME error?

1/2 mile or 3% of the distance designated on the checkpoint. AFMAN 11-217V1 6.6.13.6

As a technique, with low or moderate climb or descent rates, when should you begin the level-off?

10 percent of the VVI. i.e. 2500 VVI start level off at 250 feet prior. AETCMAN11-251 7.7

What obstacle clearance does emergency safe altitude provide?

1000 feet of obstacle clearance (2000 feet in designated mountainous areas) within 100 NM of the facility. AFMAN 11-217V1 6.5.4.1.7

What is the ILS frequency range?

108.10 MHz-111.95 MHz AFMAN 11-217V1 Pg 42, Fig. 4.1

You are on a 10DME arc about to intercept the 260 radial inbound. Ground speed is 250 knots. Airspeed is .5 mach. How many lead radials to start your turn?

15 Radials. 250 knots is 2.5NM turn radius (1 percent technique). 10 DME arc has 6 radials per NM (60 to 1 Rule). 2.5 times 6 is 15 radials. To calculate turn radius you could also do .5 mach minus 2 which is a turn radius of 3NM. (Mach number - 2 technique). AETCMAN11-251 7.8.2

The localizer has a usable range of _________ within ______ of course centerline. What is the usable range of the ILS glide slope?

18 within 10o unless otherwise stated on the IAP. ATC may clear you to intercept the localizer course beyond 18 miles or the published limit, however, this practice is only acceptable when your aircraft is in radar contact and ATC is sharing responsibility for course guidance. (The glide slope has a usable range of 10 miles.) AFMAN 11-217V1 12.2.1.3/12.2.1.2.3

What airspeed does the T-38 hold at?

250 to 265 KCAS. AETCMAN11-251 7.13.2

The final approach course on a non-radar final may vary from the runway heading by as much as _______ degrees and still be a published straight-in.

30 (except localizer). AFMAN 11-217V1 12.2.2.9.2

A TACAN station transmits an aural 3 letter identifier approximately every ________ seconds.

35. AFMAN 11-217V1 5.1.2.1.3

Prior to commencing the approach, you properly review the paper copy with the procedure loaded. Specific things you must confirm are waypoint names, waypoint types, sequence, altitudes, and courses. How much can the courses and distances differ from the paper copy?

5 degrees and 0.1 NM. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.3.7

What weather is required to start an approach per the AFI 11-202V3?

AFI11-202V3 Pilots will obtain the latest destination airport conditions prior to beginning descent or commencing an approach. Straight-In or Sidestep Approach: Weather must only be at or above the published visibility minimums. Circling Approach: Weather must be at or above both the published ceiling and visibility minimums. USAF pilots will not use published visibility minima below 2,400 feet (or 1/2 SM or 800m) unless touchdown zone (TDZ) and centerline lighting (CL) are available and operable. AFI 11-202V3 7.1.1 / 7.1.2 / 7.1.5.1

What weather is required to start an approach per the AFI 11-2T-38V3?

AFI11-2T-38V3 Do not commence a penetration, en route descent, or approach unless existing ceiling and visibility meet the approach minimums or PWC, whichever is higher. AFI 11-2T-38V3 AETC SUP 3.19.11.4

What is ASDA?

ASDA Accelerate-Stop Distance Available. The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff.

How do you execute a missed approach?

Advance power to MIL. Raise the nose 5 degrees above the last known level flight pitch attitude. Raise gear and flaps with positive climb indications. Power may be reduced when above 240 KCAS. AETCMAN11-251 7.21.1

How long must an aircrew wait to fly after consuming alcohol?

Aircrew will not takeoff within 12hrs of alcohol consumption. Aircrew cannot be under the influence or suffering from the after effects. AFI11-202V3 2..7

What do you do if you start an approach and the weather goes below minimums?

Aircrews are authorized to continue a published instrument approach when the weather is below minimums. The PIC will ensure the aircraft has sufficient fuel to go missed approach and land at the alternate airfield with required reserves. AFI 11-202V3 7.1.3

Tire condition requirement per sortie

Any sortie: no red cords Out and Back/pattern only: more than 2 cords Cross Country: more than 1 cord

When will aircrew normally use supplemental oxygen?

Anytime the cabin altitude exceeds 10,000'MSL. AFI11-202V3 3.14

Can we fly a category D approach?

Approach category D minimums may be used where no category E minimums are published if: A straight-in approach is flown. The aircraft is flown at a final approach airspeed of 165 KIAS or less. The aircraft is flown at 260 knots true airspeed (KTAS) or less for the missed approach segment of the approach. AFI 11-02T-38V3 3.19.1.1

What does conveniently aligned mean with regard to a teardrop entry into holding?

As a guide, consider yourself conveniently aligned when your aircraft heading is within 45° of the selected teardrop course. AFMAN 11-217V1 8.3.4.1.3

Weather required to file?

At or above the lowest compatible published landing minimums for the aircraft concerned. AFI 11-202 V3 4.15.2.1

All USAF cockpits must be capable of recognizing full time _______?

Attitude, Altitude, airspeed and capability to recognize, confirm and recovery from an unusual attitude in all pilot positions. AFI11-202V3 1.11

Aircraft of different categories have the right of way priority in which order?

Balloons, gliders, towing/refueling, airships, rotary or fixed wing. AFI11-202V3 3.17.2

In what direction should you make your initial climbing turn during a circle missed approach and why?

Begin an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway to ensure the aircraft remains within the obstruction clearance area. AFMAN 11-217V1 14.3.2

When does Flight Duty Period (FDP) start/end? What are the maximum daily FDPs?

Begins when reporting for official duty, ends at final engine shutdown. Max 12hrs for day sorties, 10hrs for night. SPs in formal training course must complete all trng events within first 12hrs of FDP. AFI11-202V3 2.2.1/4/

When should aircrew minimize non-essential cockpit conversations/extraneous activities (Sterile Cockpit)?

Below 10,000'MSL, during critical phases of flight and during taxi operations. AFI11-202V3 3.12

When must position lights be illuminated?

Between official sunset and sunrise when engines are running AFI11-202V3 3.15.1.1

When executing an ILS approach, what do you do if the aircraft gets more than 1 dot below or 2 dot widths above the glide slope? If the glide slope is recaptured prior to _____ what can you do?

CAUTION: The ILS/LOC approach must be discontinued if the localizer course becomes unreliable, or any time full-scale deflection of the CDI occurs on final approach. Do not descend below localizer minimums if the aircraft is more than one dot (half scale) below or two dots (full scale) above the glide slope. If the glide slope is recaptured to within the above tolerance, descent may be continued to DA/DH. AFMAN 11-217V1 12.2.1.3.1

What is the worst weather a base can have and still qualify as an alternate?

Ceiling vis of 1000' and 2SM, or 500' and 1SM above the lowest compatible minimum, whichever is higher. AFI 11-202V3 4.15.3.4.1/4

Can RNAV substitution be used for DME off of a NAVAID? What about bearing/course guidance?

DME - YES. Bearing/course guidance - NO. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.4.2

What is a course-to-altitude leg on a loaded RNAV approach?

Display an altitude 400 feet above the ground or MDA, whichever is higher. They are not included on the chart procedure. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.3.8.5

When can you descend from the procedure turn altitude?

Do not descend from the procedure turn fix altitude (published or assigned) until abeam the procedure turn fix heading outbound. If unable to determine when you are abeam, start descent after completing the outbound turn. Do not descend from the procedure turn completion altitude until established on the inbound segment of the approach. AFMAN 11-217V1 11.6.5

The HSI should be within how many degrees of the runway heading prior to takeoff?

EHSI within 8* of the mag compass and within 5* of a known heading. Check for correct indicator movement in turns. AETCMAN11-251 2.7.6

What is the RNP/CDI scale for the enroute phase of flight (>30 NM)? Terminal phase (NLT 30 NM)? Approach phase (NLT FAWP)?

Enroute - 5 NM. Terminal - 1NM. Approach - 0.3NM. AETCMAN11-251 Table 7.2

How does ASDA come into your flight planning?

Ensure CFL is less than ASDA. AFI11-2T-38V3 2.2.2.1.3

At FL250 and 0.75 Mach, how much will a WSSP increase fuel flow on each engine? What's a reasonable technique for how much fuel to assume you'll burn over the course of a flight with the WSSP at these conditions? Same two questions for FL350 at .9 Mach.

FL250 - Increase about 125pph each engine. 150-200 pounds of extra fuel burned. FL350 - Increase about 220pph each engine. 250-300 pounds of extra fuel burned. AETCMAN11-251 8.4.4.2.1-2

Voice communications are possible on TACAN frequencies. T/F

False. AFMAN 11-217V1 5.1.2.1.1.2.2

When two aircraft are approaching a runway to land, the higher aircraft has the right of way. T/F

False. AFI11-202V3 3.17.5

Circling is flown at what airspeed and configuration?

Final turn airspeed and 60 flaps. AETCMAN11-251 7.19

Define crew rest. What does it include? What constitutes a break in crew rest?

Free time that includes meals, transpo and rest. A minimum of 12hrs before a flight duty period begins with an opportunity for 8hrs uninterrupted sleep. Any official business breaks crew rest. A PIC may initiate mission related comms w/o breaking crew rest. AFI11-202V3 2.1

If a pilot decides to file based on visibility only criteria, what additional allowances must be provided for in the preflight planning?

Fuel required for an approach and missed approach must be included in the total flight plan fuel if visibility-only weather criteria is used to determine the suitability of the original destination. AFI 11-202V3 4.18.2

How do you determine a VDP?

HAT/GS HAT=450, GS=3* 450/300 = VDP 1.5 DME AFMAN 11-217V1 12.1.1.3.2

Define HAA.

HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT/HAA - The height of the minimum descent altitude above the published airport elevation. This is published in conjunction with circling minimums. (See Minimum Descent Altitude) GP 2-22

If encountered, what must a PIC immediately report?

Hazardous weather conditions, wake turbulence, volcanic activity, large concentrations of bird/wildlife or any other adverse condition that may affect aviation safety. AFI11-202V3 3.13

Who can authorize photo/video recording devices?

Helmet/cockpit mounted - OG/CC. Aircraft commander may approve use in student/cargo compartments. AFI11-202V3 3.9.5.1/2

Reference a procedure turn. What must you ensure if the entry puts you on the non-maneuvering side of the procedure turn course?

Holding Method: If you intercept the procedure turn course outbound, maintain the course for the remainder of the outbound leg, then turn toward the maneuvering side to reverse course.- Other Methods: Intercept and maintain the procedure turn course outbound as soon as possible after passing the procedure turn fix. AFMAN 11-217V1 11.6 .3/11.7.2

You are proceeding direct to the IAF. Your heading is not within 90 degrees of the penetration course. How will you begin the penetration? Are you required to make any additional requests from ATC?

If aircraft heading to the IAF is within 90° of the approach course, pilots may use normal lead points to intercept the course. If aircraft heading is not within 90° of the approach course and you desire to maneuver the aircraft into a more favorable alignment prior to starting the approach, obtain clearance from ATC. AFMAN 11-217V1 9.4.4

If you lose visual references while circling to land, what missed approach should you execute?

If upon reaching the missed approach point the airport environment is not in sight, execute the climb out instructions from the missed approach point. If the circling maneuver has begun and the airport environment is visually lost, begin an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway to ensure the aircraft remains within the obstruction clearance area. Continue this turn until established on the climb out instructions. AFMAN 11-217V1 14.3.2

When must anti-collision lights be illuminated?

Just prior to engine start (if power is available) until engine shutdown. AFI11-202V3 3.15.2.1

What is LDA?

LDA Landing Distance Available. The runway length declared available and suitable for a landing airplane.

Define MEA

MINIMUM EN ROUTE IFR ALTITUDE/MEA The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.

Define MOCA

MNIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE/MOCA (P.CG, JCS) Obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navigation signal coverage only within 25 statute miles (22 nautical miles) of a VOR. GP2-29

Is the T-38 authorized to conduct RNP procedures?

No. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.4.1

Can a night sortie be the third flying event of the day?

No. AFI11-202V3 2.7.5

Do TEMPO conditions prevent you from filing somewhere if below mins?

No. Pilots may file to a destination with a forecast that includes temporary (TEMPO) changes in ceiling and/or visibility lower than prescribed in 8.7.1., but an alternate may be required. AFI 11-202V3 4.15.3

When is an Aircraft Commander allowed to deviate from 11-202, flight rule or ATC clearance?

Only to protect life, for safety of flight or when an in flight emergency requires immediate action. AFI11-202V3 1.6

What are PWC 1 and 2 minimums?

PWC 1: Suitable published mins PWC 2: Suitable published minimums or 300 feet ceiling and 1 mile visibility (rvr 5,000 feet), whichever is greater.

What are the takeoff minimums?

Pilots shall not takeoff when the existing weather is below the landing minimums for their aircraft, unless specifically authorized by the MAJCOM, but in no case less than 600 RVR (200 meters). AFI11-202V3 5.1.1

When flying a Q or T route, what will you need to manually set the RNP/CDI scale to? What about a terminal procedure such as a star if outside 30NM?

Q or T route - 2 NM. Terminal Procedure outside 30NM - 1 NM. AETCMAN11-251 Table 7.3

When departing VFR from a nonmilitary airfield, how do you activate your VFR flight plan?

Request with tower or contact FSS on 255.4. AETCMAN11-251 8.7.2

Which direction must aircraft converging head on alter their course?

Right. AFI11-202V3 3.17.3

What should you set in the course selector window for a back course localizer approach?

Set the published localizer front course in the course selector window prior to attempting localizer interception. The front course is the proper course to set even when flying a back course approach. AFMAN 11-217V1 12.2.1.2.2

What is TODA?

TODA Takeoff Distance Available. The takeoff run available plus the length of any remaining runway or clearway beyond the far end of the takeoff run available.

What is TORA?

TORA Takeoff run available. The runway length declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off.

Does the T-38 use TORA or TODA for planning purposes?

TORA. AFI11-2T-38V3 2.2.2.1.2

When must the landing light be illuminated?

Takeoff clearance is received, during takeoff roll from an uncontrolled airfield, when operating below 10,000'MSL. Use landing lights when on an active runway unless safety/mission dictates. AFI11-202V3 3.15.3

Where is the missed approach point for any precision approach?

The DA/DH. This is normally the point depicted on the IAP as the start of a climbing dashed line. AFMAN 11-217V1 14.2.3

When two aircraft are converging, which aircraft has the right of way?

The aircraft to the right. AFI11-202V3 3.17.2

What obstacle clearance does minimum sector altitude provide?

The minimum sector altitude provides the 1000 feet of obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the facility. AFMAN 11-217V1 6.5.4.1.7

Voice communications are possible on ILS frequencies. T/F

True. AFMAN 11-217V1 5.1.2.1.1.2.2

Voice communications are possible on VOR frequencies. T/F

True. AFMAN 11-217V1 5.1.2.1.1.2.2

T or F: (RNAV) Only those approaches included in the T-38 database are authorized. Terminal area and instrument approach procedures must be retrieved in their entirety from the database. Pilots may not alter terminal procedures retrieved from the database or enter them manually.

True. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.3.4

T or F: You are responsible for closing a VFR flight plan with FSS after landing.

True. AETCMAN11-251 8.13.3

A distressed aircraft has the right of way over all other traffic. T/F

True. AFI11-202V3 3.17.1

An overtaken aircraft has the right of way, the overtaking aircraft must alter course to the right. T/F

True. AFI11-202V3 3.17.4

When meteorological conditions permit, pilots under either IFR or VFR are responsible for avoiding traffic, terrain/obstacles and environmental hazards. T/F

True. AFI11-202V3 3.18

If correcting for winds in a holding pattern, what is the maximum and minimum bank angles you can use?

Unless correcting for known winds, make all turns during entry and while holding at: 3 degrees per second, or 30 degree bank angle, or bank angle commanded by the flight director system, whichever requires the least bank angle. The bank angle on the entry turn may be varied (up to 30 degrees maximum) to obtain the desired displacement in the holding pattern. AFMAN 11-217V1 8.3.3

What must the PIC do following a deviation from flight rule or given ATC traffic priority in an emergency?

Verbally report incident to supervisor/commanding authority. AFI11-202V3 1.6

When is an alternate required?

W-WWDRUGL - [W] Wx is less than 2000' and/or 3SM visibility (Tempo or Prevailing). This may be reduced to 1500' and 3SM visibility if local training sortie, IP on board, departing/arrival airport the same, and plus/minus 2 hrs of arrival. Not required but consider: - [W] Winds exceed aircraft limits ±1 hour of ETA. - [W] When the destination has no weather reporting capability. - [D] Denial of RVSM airspace would prevent the aircraft or flight from reaching its destination, select an alternate that does not require RVSM - [R] Where all compatible approaches require radar. - [U] Where required NAVAIDs are unmonitored. - [G] GPS is only NAVAID - [L] Lowest compatible approach mins are ≥ 1,500'/3sm

When do you have to file an IFR flight plan?

WAN -Weather conditions do not permit flight according to VFR. -Airspace rules require IFR flight (e.g. Class A airspace). -Night - Operating fixed-wing aircraft at night, unless the mission cannot be flown under IFR.

What disqualifies an alternate?

WWWDRUGA [W] Weather - see above. [W] No weather reporting capability [W] Winds exceed aircraft limits ±1 [R] RVSM required to reach the alternate for non-compliant aircraft. [R] All compatible approaches require radar. [U] All approaches require unmonitored navaids deleted[G] GPS is the only compatible NAVAID AFI11-202V3 4.15.3.5 [A] A NA

When may you start the descent from a depicted altitude at the IAP if flying a procedure track?

When a descent is depicted at the IAF, start descent when abeam or past the IAF and on a parallel or intercept heading to the procedural track course. Except for initial descents at an IAF, be established on the appropriate segment of the procedural track before descending to the next altitude shown on the IAP. AFMAN 11-217V1 11.9.4.1

Following an unintentional cabin pressure loss, when must an aircrew see a flight surgeon or other aviation medical authority prior to further flight?

When cabin pressure exceeds 18,000' MSL. AFI11-202V3 3.14.4.1

When must aircraft occupants wear a seatbelt?

When seated in an ejection seat, directed by PIC, taxi/takeoff/landing, when in cockpit. AFI11-202V3 2.9.7.5.4

When should the PIC declare min/emergency fuel?

When the aircraft may land at the intended destination with less than the MDS-specified min or emergency fuel reserves. AFI11-202V3 3.13.2

When receiving radar vectors to final for a GPS approach, what is "established on course" defined as?

When within 1 dot deflection. (Half full scale deflection) AETCMAN11-251 7.18.10.4

What weather is required at my alternate if it does not have an approach?

Without a published compatible instrument approach forecast weather for the ETA (±1 hour) must permit a VFR descent from the MIA to a VFR approach and landing, or, if the mission justifies the increased risk, under specific conditions, an otherwise unqualified airfield maybe designated as an alternate by the MAJCOM/A3. AFI 11-202V3 4.15.3.4.4

Do TEMPO conditions disqualify an alternate if below mins?

Yes, EXCEPT those caused by thunderstorms, rain showers, or snow showers. AFI11-202V3 4.15.3.

Is a flashlight required for all night sorties?

Yes. AFI11-202V3 2.9.6

You are planning on going to KSHV and land on runway 14/32. The runway dimensions are 8250 x200 feet. However, after looking in the IFR supplement, you notice the LDA is only 7979. Can you still plan to land at KSHV?

Yes. AFI11-2T-38V3 3.7.3

Can we takeoff on a runway that has a 8000' published length but a TORA of 7900'?

Yes. If the calculated takeoff roll is than or equal to TORA and meets the restrictions of AFI11-2T38Vol 3 paragraph 3.7.3 (which talks about LDA). The percentage of takeoff distance restriction (for both formation and single-ship takeoffs) will be applied to runway dimensions, not the TORA. AFI11-2T-38V3 2.2.2.1.2

If loading an RNAV approach from the database, do you still need to have the paper copy of the approach?

Yes. The database approach needs crosschecked with the paper copy to ensure it is correct. AETCMAN11-251 7.18.3.6

AETCMAN11-251

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AFI110-217V1 and GP

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When checking a VOR/TACAN at a designated ground checkpoint, the maximum allowable CDI error is _____________ ?

±4° and the CDI and bearing pointer should agree within the tolerances specified for the aircraft. AFMAN 11-217V1 6.6.13.6