TEDA/EEDA Exam 1

Mechanisms for the introduction of foreign animal diseases include: Importation of animals and animal products Wildlife movement Humans All of the above

All of the above

A comprehensive "law book" that contains all the current Federal regulations. Program Standard Code of Federal Regulations NVAP Reference Guideline

Code of Federal Regulations

A term that is synonymous with foreign animal disease. It describes a disease that is not currently found in the country but found in other places in the world. Zoonotic Exotic Emerging Epizootic Transboundary

Exotic

True/False: Because ASF causes high morbidity but low mortality, the main impact of an ASF outbreak on the swine industry is increased number of days to market.

False

True/False: To be maximally effective and efficient it is best to target risk communication at the general public rather than specific audiences.

False

Monitor costs of response Paychecks Overtime Finance/Administration Logistics Planning Incident Command Operations

Finance/Administration

The Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection detector dogs help ensure import and quarantine processes are followed by searching passengers, cargo, mail, etc for: Drugs Animal products only Specific pathogens of international concern Items that may contain harmful plant pests and animal diseases

Item that may contain harmful plant pests and animal disease

Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Disaster Medical System. Members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program. State Animal Response Teams (SART) National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) Non-governmental Response Teams County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)

National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT)

True/False: There are four NVSL laboratories: three in Ames, Iowa, and one at Plum Island, NY.

True

Emergency Management Response System (EMRS) is: A record-keeping system to update responsible parties on the situation during a foreign animal disease investigation or outbreak. The EMRS is only accessible to those with major responsibilities in foreign animal disease detection and response. A system used by the OIE to collect and share information about global animal disease outbreaks. The system of laboratories established to help the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) in testing suspect herds. The system used by USDA/APHIS to respond to a foreign animal disease. This is a command and control system that establishes job responsibilities in a response.

A record-keeping system to update responsible parties on the situation during a foreign animal disease investigation or outbreak. The EMRS is only accessible to those with major responsibilities in foreign animal disease detection and response.

True/False: The major impact of the 2015 HPAI outbreak in the United States was on the commercial poultry producers. Fortunately, because of the early detection and rapid response, other businesses were not impacted.

False

Which of the following activities does not require veterinary accreditation? Drawing and submitting blood samples for equine infectious anemia (EIA). Charging clients for tuberculosis testing of their cattle Performing surgery on any species Vaccinating cattle for brucellosis Completing certificates of veterinary inspection for animals moving across State lines.

Performing surgery on any species

True/False: Following graduation, you successfully get your veterinary license, and you apply and receive authorization as a Category 2 accredited veterinarian. The job you accept is with an exclusively dog and cat clinic. Will you be able to sign the health certificates for your dog and cat patients?

True

True/False: Trust and Fear both have a significant impact on how risk communication is perceived. Generally Trust is slowly acquired, readily extinguished, and difficult to re-establish.

True

Veterinarians have an imortant societal role in balancing the need for: Animal protection and animal welfare Conservation of the environment and animal protection Animal welfare and conservation of the environment All of the above

All of the above

What kind of disasters do animal health emergency response plans need to address? Natural disasters Disease epidemics Chemical spills Terrorist attacks All of the above

All of the above

A foreign animal disease could enter the United States on/in: A salted dried ham sandwich The boots of a traveler who while on traveling internationally walked the footpaths where animal graze An infected human traveler All of the above

All of the above

How is African swine fever transmitted? Direct contact Indirectly via fomites Through vectors All of the above A and B only

All of the above

True/False: Making an emergency response plan for your home will take a lot of time because most of the resources available are for State and Federal Officials. However, it is still worth you spending the time to plan ahead.

False

True/False: The initial confirmation of an exotic animal disease can be done at any certified laboratory that is part of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN).

False

True/False: the risk analysis paradigm assumes that in many cases there is a zero risk of harm.

False

True/False: the term exotic animal disease (EAD) in the course refers to disease of exotic animals such as reptiles, birds, and unusual rodents (e.g. prairie dogs).

False

Necropsy findings that would suggest Newcastle's disease (ND) and warrant a call to the authorities include: Plaques in the trachea and on the air sacs Hemorrhages and edema in multiple systems Enlarged liver and spleen Dry, compacted feces in the intestinal tract Fluid in the brain

Hemorrhages and edema in multiple systems

If heartwater entered the United States, the most likely scenario would be: Asymptomatic infections in most breeds of cattle Chronic, lingering illness in sheep and goats, with acute cases in cattle Chronic, lingering illness in most cattle, with acute cases in sheep and goats High mortality in all susceptible ruminants, with a high incidence of peracute or acute disease A, C, and D are equally likely

High mortality in all susceptible ruminants, with a high incidence of peracute or acute disease

What species is thought to have first transmitted the H3N8 influenza virus to dogs? Avian species Cats Wild rodents Horses All of the above

Horses

Which of the following species is not susceptible to infection with FMD virus? Pigs Cattle Water buffalo Horses Hedgehogs

Horses

The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom did not have a significant impact on: Humans becoming infected Animal welfare The economy Human travel

Humans becoming infected

East Coast fever is associated with which ONE of the following? Infection of platelets and symptoms associated with abnormal blood clotting Infection of the epithelial cells in the lungs and symptoms associated with damage to the respiratory tract Infection of white blood cells and symptoms associated with uncontrolled proliferation of these cells Infection of the endothelial cells in the brain and thorax, and symptoms associated with an outpouring of fluid from the blood vessels Infection of red blood cells and symptoms associated with anemia

Infection of white blood cells and symptoms associated with uncontrolled proliferation of these cells

The Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection detector dogs help ensure import and quarantine processes are followed by searching passengers, cargo, mail, etc for: Drugs Specific pathogens of international concern Items that may contain harmful plant pests and animal diseases Animal products only

Items that may contain harmful plant pests and animal diseases

If it is exposed to Ehrlichia (formerlyCowdria) ruminantium, which of the following animals is most likely to develop acute heartwater disease? A two-day old lamb in the United States A 7-year old cow in an endemic region of Africa A two-day old calf in the United States A four-day old goat kid in an endemic region of Africa A 3 year old cow in the United States

A 3 year old cow in the United States

During the recovery stage of an animal disease outbreak, activities include: Payment to animal owners for euthanized livestock and destroyed materials Renegotiation of international export protocols Reassurance and reinforcement of consumer expectations by the federal government and industry. B and C only All of the above

All of the above

A herd of cattle on pasture were fine two days ago, now two of the adults, who were in great condition, are dead. On necropsy, hemoglobinuria (blood in the urine) and a large liver infarct are observed. What is the top on your list of causative agents? Weaponized anthrax Clostridium chauvoei Bacillus anthracis Leptospira hardjo Clostridium hemolyticum

Clostridium hemolyticum

Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed State Animal Response Teams (SART) National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) Non-governmental Response Teams County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)

County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)

True/False: When dealing with a high outrage, high crisis situation, it is best to provide highly detailed instructions for all aspects of biosecurity, and emphasize strict adherence to each individual component no matter how small.

False

In the United States, cases of heartwater would be treated with: Broad spectrum antibiotics Fluids and supportive care Antiserum Both A and B Slaughter

Slaughter

Who should be notified when an FAD is suspected? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) State animal health official (SAHO) or your USDA-APHIS Assistant District Director (ADD) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) None of the above

State animal health official (SAHO) or your USDA-APHIS Assistant District Director (ADD)

You are examining some cattle in Florida, and you find a very large number of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (brown ear tick) ticks in the ears of some cattle. What is your concern about this tick? This tick is found in the US and it might be carrying lyme disease. The tick is found in the US and it might be carrying heartwater (E. ruminatum) The tick is found in the US and it might be carrying bovine anaplasmosis The tick is not found in the US and it might carry the viral disease African swine fever The tick is not found in the US and it might be carrying East Coast fever (Theileria parva)

The tick is not found in the US and it might be carrying East Coast fever (Theileria parva)

In the 2001 outbreak of FMD in Uruguay: Vaccination was stopped after all cattle received two doses of vaccine. Cattle, sheep, and swine were all vaccinated to bring the disease under control. The vaccination campaign greatly reduced the number of animals required to be slaughtered to control the outbreak. The vaccination campaign proved to be a much more costly approach to FMD control than the slaughter eradication approach used in the U.K.

The vaccination campaign greatly reduced the number of animals required to be slaughtered to control the outbreak.

True/False: When you perform necropsies on birds from a flock that may have highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), would finding no significant gross lesions be consistent with this disease?

True

What is the correct term for a tick that feeds on a rabbit during its larval and nymphal stages, but feeds on a cow after it becomes an adult? Promiscuous tick Two host tick Bispecific tick Dermatid tick Argasid tick

Two host tick

Which agency manages activities of veterinary accreditation? USDA-APHIS-VS Animal Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

USDA-APHIS-VS

Where was PED first described? Belgium 1990 Iowa in 2013 China in 1983 United Kingdom in 1971

United Kingdom in 1971

West Nile virus: Was limited in its spread across the U.S. because rapid response and vector control measures were able to control it Was easily recognized when it entered the U.S. via monitoring programs conducted by public health and animal health officials Was diagnosed in the US due to the keen observations and persistence of a zoo veterinarian Will likely be eradicated from North America within a few years

Was diagnosed in the US due to the keen observations and persistence of a zoo veterinarian

Lambs born to sheep with contagious agalactia, an OIE listed disease classically caused by Mycoplasma agalactia, can be infected through the colostrum. This is an example of: Horizontal transmission Indirect contact Vertical transmission Vector-borne transmission

Vertical transmission

The characteristic sign of foot and mouth disease is: Vesicles and erosions Neurologic disease Respiratory disease Reddening of the skin

Vesicles and erosions

What animals are considered the reservoir for influenza A viruses? Asian backyard poultry flocks Domestic chickens and turkeys Waterfowl and shorebirds Feral swine

Waterfowl and shorebirds

True/False: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is classified as an OIE reported disease

False

Which of the following statements is the best statement regarding the 2001 FMD outbreaks? The outbreak resulted in the killing of healthy animals on some uninfected farms for welfare reasons The outbreak was quickly brought under control by test-and-slaughter The outbreak was confined to the United Kingdom Both A and C are true

The outbreak resulted in the killing of healthy animals on some uninfected farms for welfare reasons

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and virulent Newcastle's disease (vND) can be transmitted by: (Choose one best answer.) Feces and respiratory secretions Biological vectors Contaminated fomites Both A and C All of the above

Both A and C

Comparing the FMD outbreaks in the U.K. (2001) and Uruguay (2001), which one statement is true? Sheep were a major source of infection for cattle in both countries. The FMD outbreak in the U.K. lasted much longer than the outbreak in Uruguay. The cost of the FMD outbreak in Uruguay far exceeded the cost in the U.K. Both countries were free of FMD before the outbreak.

Both countries were free of FMD before the outbreak.

What is/are the significant challenges for vaccinating for FMD if there is an outbreak in the United States? (Choose one best answer.) Manufacturing and acquiring a large enough volume of FMD is a challenge since FMD vaccine is not manufactured in the United States. Vaccine strain selection is a challenge because there is no cross protection among the seven serotypes. Both having the appropriate vaccine strain and having enough of it available are significant challenges for plans to vaccinate if the U.S. has an outbreak of FMD. Because of the vaccine stockpile the significant challenges for vaccinating for FMD in an outbreak in the U.S. have been eliminated.

Both having the appropriate vaccine strain and having enough of it available are significant challenges for plans to vaccinate if the U.S. has an outbreak of FMD.

Which of the following diseases is not considered to be a foreign animal disease? Bovine virus diarrhea Malignant catarrhal fever (alcelaphine herpesvirus-1-associated) Hemorrhagic septicemia All of the above None of the above

Bovine virus diarrhea

The best sample to submit for visualizing Ehrlichia ruminantium colonies is: Liver Lung Heart Brain

Brain

How could you check an animal for anthrax before opening a carcass for necropsy? Check a stained blood smear for the characteristic organisms. Check a sample of heart blood in an ELISA test for antibodies Check a fecal sample in an ELISA test for antigens Check a fecal sample for the characteristic organisms Check a skin scraping in an ELISA test for antigens

Check a stained blood smear for the characteristic organisms.

True/False: The importation requirements and quarantine processes are the same for all animals imported into the U.S.

False

You are planning to do a lot of horse work when you graduate. What type of accreditation would be best for you to fully serve your clients? Category 1 Category 2 Horses require very little accreditation work, so no need to be accredited.

Category 2

The recommended period of time to quarantine a newly purchased bird is: 7 days 14 days 21 days 30 days

30 days

An important operating guideline in ICS is called the "span of control," and it specifies the number of individuals that one supervisor can effectively manage during an emergency response. What is the optimal number of individuals a supervisor should manage? 3 5 7 10

5

Diagnosis of either HPAI or vND in the US is devastating because: Trade implications are costly The diseases are very contagious, most infected birds become ill, and most sick birds die. Because the diagnostic tests take so long to complete, the disease can spread before a diagnosis can be made A and B All of the above

A and B

Which of these diseases would not respond to antibiotic therapy? Erysipelas African swine fever Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia Salmonella Glasser's disease (Haemophilus parasuis)

African swine fever

International trade (if it was shut down) may resume following a foreign animal disease outbreak: After USDA-APHIS standards for the disease are met. After no new clinical cases have been identified for 30 days. After all the OIE standards for the disease are met. After USDA-APHIS notifies the OIE member countries.

After all the OIE standards for the disease are met

Anthrax spores are: Found naturally, in the soil Easily aerosolized after they have been weaponized Formed following exposure of contaminated tissue to oxygen B and C only All of the above

All of the above

The vector(s) of heartwater may be spread by: Cattle egrets Human hosts Cattle Both B and C All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a vector for heartwater? Amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf Coast tick Amblyomma dissimile, the iguana tick All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following was (were) put into action in the response to the 2013 PED outbreak in the United States? Federal order to report all novel enteric coronavirus diseases to government officials Federal order for affected premises to develop herd management plans with a veterinarian U.S. Swine Health Information Center launched All of the above A and B

All of the above

Which ONE of the following clinical signs would make you include equine babesiosis (piroplasmosis) on your differential diagnosis? Hives Lameness Profuse nasal discharge Anemia Neurologic signs

Anemia

In endemic regions West Nile virus cycles between: Horses and mosquitoes Birds, mosquitoes, and biting flies Birds and mosquitoes Mosquitoes and humans Birds, horses, and humans

Birds and mosquitoes

Which of the following is/are symptom(s) most often reported when APMV-1 (Newcastle's disease (ND) infects a human? None; this is not a zoonotic disease. Conjunctivitis Mild respiratory signs Potentially life threatening illness, predominately respiratory symptoms, although diarrhea can also be seen B, C and D are all equally reported

Conjunctivitis

The organism causing heartwater, Ehrlichia ruminantium, causes edema or fluid accumulation in the heart, brain, lungs, plural cavity, and peritoneum because it infects: Leukocytes Endothelial cells Respiratory epithelial cells Red blood cells Gastrointestinal epithelial cells

Endothelial cells

True/False: All veterinarians need to be accredited to practice veterinary medicine?

False

Secure equipment for the response Set up computers Finance/Administration Logistics Planning Incident Command Operations

Logistics

Prepares documents for the Incident Action Plan Collects and evaluates information about the incident Finance/Administration Logistics Planning Incident Command Operations

Planning

How is senecavirus A diagnosed? Serum neutralization test Clinical signs RT-PCR ELISA test Necropsy findings

RT-PCR

The CSF virus can survive in/on: (Choose one best answer) Pork products cooked to 250 degrees F Direct sunlight Equipment, boots, and other fomites even after normal cleaning because the virus is resistant to most disinfectants Refrigerated contaminated meat for more than 30 days and some types of cured meat products

Refrigerated contaminated meat for more than 30 days and some types of cured meat products

According to the reading, the depopulation (stamping out) response plan was abandoned and the vaccination program initiated in Uruguay because: There was strong resistance from local farmers and the disease had spread The veterinary officers refused to carry out the depopulation plan Depopulation was never in their plan; they began vaccinating right away All of the above

There was strong resistance from local farmers and the disease had spread

When submitting laboratory samples for a systemic disease in pigs, what tissue should always be included for classical swine fever surveillance? (Choose the one best answer) Brain Tonsil Liver Spleen

Tonsil

Classical swine fever (hog cholera) can e spread between pigs on a contaminated bucket. this is an example of: Direct transmission Vector-borne transmission Transmission on fomites Iatrogenic transmission

Transmission on fomites

True/False: During a response, volunteers, who are not part of a response team, are strongly discouraged from showing up to help as they tend to become part of the problem, not the solution.

True

Which option below places possible public responses to risk from the most frequent reaction to the least frequent reaction? Fear, Denial, Panic, Acceptance Denial, Fear, Panic, Acceptance Acceptance, Fear, Denial, Panic Panic, Denial, Fear, Acceptance Denial, Acceptance, Panic, Fear

Acceptance, Fear, Denial, Panic

In the United States, the classical swine fever surveillance program targets which swine populations? Sick animals submitted to diagnostic laboratories Swine condemned at slaughter Swine on farms that feed pig swill (waste-feeding) Feral swine All of the above

All the above

The organization of the Incident Command System (ICS) system is based on five major functional areas. The functional areas are: Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Communications and Planning Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Operations and Planning Incident Command, Safety, Logistics, Operations and Planning Communications, Finance/Administration, Safety, Operations and Planning

Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Operations and Planning

How do scientists think that HPAI made its way to North America in the spring of 2015? Contaminated poultry products imported from China Infected migratory waterfowl migrating on the East Asia/ Australia flyway Illegal exotic bird smuggling past USDA ports of entry All of the above

Infected migratory waterfowl migrating on the East Asia/ Australia flyway

The first reports about the emergence of H3N2 canine influenza virus were from where? South Korea China United States Europe

South Korea

Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State. State Animal Response Teams (SART) National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) Non-governmental Response Teams County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)

State Animal Response Teams (SART)

The difference between an Assistant Director (AD) and a State Animal Health Official (SAHO) is: The AD is responsible for animal health activities related to foreign animal diseases, while the SAHO is responsible for endemic animal diseases. There is no difference; they describe the same official The AD is a federal employee who has responsibility for a state and the SAHO is a state employee with responsibility for the state The AD is a state employee responsible for an area (region/district) within a state. The AD works for the SAHO, who is responsible for coordinating animal health activities in the state.

The AD is a federal employee who has responsibility for a state and SAHO is a state employee with responsibility for the state

The most critical step of a disease control program is the recognition of suspect cases and subsequent rapid reporting to state or federal authorities. The most likely group(s) to perform this step is/are: Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories Veterinary diagnostic laboratories State and federal veterinarians Federal veterinarians who survey animal establishments periodically for foreign animal diseases

Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories

You are a category 2 accredited veterinarian. How many supplemental training modules (similar to CE requirements) are you required to complete in a three year cycle for renewal of your category 2 accreditation? 6 3 1 9

6

Which of these answers describe the incident command system (ICS)? Choose one best answer. Can be used for routine or planned events as well as emergencies. An organizational framework that establishes job responsibilities and facilitates a smooth working response. Can be scaled to very large or very small responses. Has proven to be cost effective and efficient. All the above

All the above

Researchers believe the source of the African swine fever virus introduced into Georgia in 2007 was: Sardinia Eastern or Southern Africa Senegal Ukraine

Eastern or Southern Africa

A disease whose incidence has recently increased in an area, and that has the potential for significant health impacts in animals or humans. Zoonotic Exotic Emerging Epizootic Transboundary

Emerging

Which of the following dies NOT contribute to the emergence and reemergence of diseases in people? Increasing human population Enhanced biosecurity practices Climate change Globalization of travel and trade and illegal transport of animals Evironmental degradation

Enhanced biosecurity practices

In the classical swine fever (CSF) outbreak in the U.K., what was the probable route of virus introduction into this previously CSF free country? Import of an infected animal/animals Exposure of pigs to contaminated food discarded by people on a foot path adjacent to a pig farm Contaminated vaccines Transmission of the virus from an infected insect vector that was accidentally introduced into the U.K.

Exposure of pigs to contaminated food discarded by people on a foot path adjacent to a pig farm

A resource created by APHIS that summarizes important regulations (an overview of how to follow the law) important to accredited veterinarians. Helps accredited veterinarians know how to perform accredited duties. Program Standards Code of Federal Regulations NVAP Reference Guideline

NVAP Reference Guideline

Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering. State Animal Response Teams (SART) National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) Non-governmental Response Teams County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)

Non-governmental Response Teams

What is the goal of the One Health initiative? This initiative promotes the health of animals. It also discourages the movement of humans into animal habitats where they might acquire new diseases. This initiative encourages physicians to study veterinary medicine and veterinarians to study human medicine. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to eradicate all zoonotic diseases This initiative enhances cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians, and other health professionals. In areas with limited medical care, this initiative would allow physicians to care for animals and veterinarians to provide basic care for humans if a physician is not available.

This initiative enhances cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians, and other health professionals

Infectious disease that is transmitted between animals and people. Zoonotic Exotic Emerging Epizootic Transboundary

Zoonotic

What is a fomite? A living creature that acquires a pathogen form one living host and transmits it to another Body fluids (e.g. blood, nasal secretions) containing infectious agents A contaminated inanimate object such as clothing, milking equipment, trucks A type of mite that transmite disease from animal to animal

A contaminated inanimate object such as clothing, milking equipment, trucks

The list of possible diagnoses in a poultry flock with acute mortality and clinical presentations ranging from no clinical signs to conjunctivitis, depression, neurologic and/or respiratory signs should include: Highly pathogenic avian influenza and Newcastle disease Marek's disease and Infectious laryngotracheitis Fowl cholera and management problems A and B A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Anthrax is diagnosed by: Characteristic clinical signs; there is no laboratory test Electron microscopy of tissue samples Agar gel immunodiffusion assay Virus isolation Bacterial culture and identification

Bacterial culture and identification

True/False: African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot and mouth disease are clinically indistinguishable.

False

True/False: Depopulation is always the best approach to an outbreak of FMD.

False

True/False: Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) has been reported in the U.S and therefore it is not necessary to report suspected outbreaks to the appropriate agency.

False

True/False: If there is an outbreak of virulent Newcastle's disease in the U.S., poultry will be euthanized if they are infected or exposed, but exotic pet birds will be isolated and given supportive care until they recover. Once they test negative these birds can be removed from isolation.

False

True/False: Only virulent Newcastle's disease (vND) has been seen in the U.S.; highly pathogenic avian influenza has not yet occurred in this country.

False

True/False: Responding inappropriately to an FMD outbreak will have major public health consequences and could potentially overwhelm medical centers.

False

True/False: Rinderpest is an FAD that has never occurred in the U.S., but it is a big problem in Africa and Europe.

False

True/False: Subclinical foot and mouth infections in horses contributed to disease control problems in Uruguay.

False

What did the root-cause investigation by USDA-APHIS suggest was the most likely route of entry of PED into the United States? A cross-species jump from prairie dogs Feral swine from Mexico The feeding of food waste containing undercooked pork (pig swill) from cruise ships to backyard pigs Flexible intermediate bulk containers containing pig feed

Flexible intermediate bulk containers containing pig feed

The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom probably originated: From improperly heat-treated pig swill From an illegally imported infected pig From a legally imported pet hedgehog From a legally imported infected pig

From improperly heat-treated pig swill

Safety Public Information Laision Finance/Administration Logistics Planning Incident Command Operations

Incident Command

Which ONE of these statements about the pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis is true? Babesia spp. which cause bovine babesiosis: Infect platelets, which can result in wide spread blood clotting, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and shock Infect the respiratory system, which can result in pulmonary congestion and dyspnea Infect red blood cells, which can result in icterus, pale mucous membranes, and hemoglobinuria Infect white blood cells, which can reslut in swelling of the lymph nodes, fever, and leukopenia Infect blood vessels, which can result in fever, chills, trembling, and shock

Infect red blood cells, which can result in icterus, pale mucous membranes, and hemoglobinuria

What are considered to be the two main risks for introduction of classical swine fever (CSF) to the U.S.? Ticks on feral swine and dogs entering the U.S. from Haiti "Hitchhiker" mosquito from a country where the infection occurs or an infected person from a country where the infection occurs. Importation of breeding stock from Canada and migratory birds Infected non-clinical pigs and contaminated meat from an infected pig

Infected non-clinical pigs and contaminated meat from an infected pig

Zookeepers at a small local zoo noticed this morning that several animals in the bison pen and the llama pen are sluggish and lethargic. In addition, a deer in a pen near the zoo fence was found dead. All of the other animals, including those in the petting zoo, appear to be unaffected. A school group is scheduled for a tour and is waiting at the gate for the zoo to open. You are the veterinarian in charge of the zoo. What should you do? Inform the visitors that the zoo is closed due to illness. You do not want to risk a zoonotic disease spreading to the visitors. Let the school group into the zoo, but do not let them visit the petting zoo. Nothing. This disease is unlikely to be spread by zoo visitors. Let the school group into the zoo, but limit the tour to pens with unaffected animals. Quarantine the visitors until you contact the state or federal veterinarian.

Inform the visitors that the zoo is closed due to illness. You do not want to risk a zoonotic disease spreading to the visitors.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning vesicular exanthema of swine? It has been eradicated from the world The original reservoir may have been a marine animal It is a very distinct clinically, differing from the other vesicular diseases It is caused by a calicivirus None of the above

It is a very distinct clinically, differing from the other vesicular diseases

Many of the lesions of Newcastle disease occur because the virus infects and damages: Respiratory epithelium Neurons only Red blood cells and platelets Lymphoid tissues and neurons Gastrointestinal epithelial cells

Lymphoid tissues and neurons

Which of the following measures is likely to limit outbreaks of West Nile virus in the United States? Test and slaughter of infected herds and flocks A quarantine on the movement of horses A ban on the importation of psittacine birds Mosquito control

Mosquito control

In the classical swine fever (CSF) outbreak in the U.K., the virus spread to 16 different sites before it was contained. What was the most likely way the virus spread to the different sites? Vectors including mosquitoes and flies Feeding of infected pig swill (food waste) Movement of infected animals and potentially wildlife scavengers carrying dead infected animals to neighboring farms. Wild boar and feral pig reservoir hosts

Movement of infected animals and potentially wildlife scavengers carrying dead infected animals to neighboring farms.

Which of the following clinical signs is/are most consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens and turkeys? Difficulty chewing and swallowing, flaccid paralysis of the neck muscles and generalized weakness accompanied by weight loss Neurologic and respiratory signs and decreased egg production Loss of color in the eyes, comb and wattle Matting and loss of feathers Constipation and abscesses

Neurologic and respiratory signs and decreased egg production

An outbreak of heartwater has been identified on a farm. Which of the following animals does not have clinical signs consistent with this disease? A lamb with a fever but no other symptoms A heifer that died suddenly a week ago, with no other clinical signs A cow that is circling, depressed, and in respiratory distress A steer that has had a fever, diarrhea, and mild coughing for a week and a half None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is a pathognomonic (especially indicative) clinical sign for classical swine fever? Vesicles and ulcers Fever Reddened Skin All of the above. None of the above.

None of the above

All of the following are important biosecurity measures during the investigation of a vesicular disease outbreak EXCEPT: Clean/disinfect equipment used Use personal protective equipment (PPE) Work from healthiest animals to sickest animals Notify the media so they can tell the public to stay away from the farm No movement on or off farm

Notify the media so they can tell the public to stay away from the farm

Most veterinarians work in the following functional area of the Incident Command System (ICS): Planning Section Logistics Task Forces Operations Section Command Group Finance Section

Operations Section

You have found vesicles on the feet of swine but the cows in an adjacent pen are not affected. Which of the following diseases is most likely? Trauma from standing on cement or vesicular stomatitis Swine vesicular disease or foot and mouth disease Swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus) or celery in the pigs' diet Vesicular stomatitis or foot and mouth disease Foot and mouth disease or vesicular exanthema of swine

Swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus) or celery in the pigs' diet

For the outbreak of canine influenza described in the incursion, which one mentions clinical cases of respiratory disease in cats occurring during the outbreaks? The outbreaks caused by H5N1 The outbreaks caused by H3N8 The outbreaks caused by H1N1 The outbreaks caused by H3N2

The outbreaks caused by H3N2

Who provides the first line of defense against the introduction of FADs? Diagnostic laboratories The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) agency of the USDA The private practitioner All of the above None of the above

The private practitioner

What is the mission of the National Veterinary Accreditation Program? To provide private veterinary practitioners with the information they need to ensure the health of the Nations' livestock and animal population and to protect the public health and well-being. To improve animal and human health and advance the veterinary medical profession. To protect human health and the environment by ensuring all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn and work To protect the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.

To provide private veterinary practitioners with the information they need to ensure the health of the Nations' livestock and animal population and to protect the public health and well-being

Highly contagious or transmissible disease and has the potential for very rapid spread irrespective of national borders, causing serious socio-economic or public health consequences. This term is used in the global setting, as nothing is technically exotic or foreign. Zoonotic Exotic Emerging Epizootic Transboundary

Transboudary

All of the following are top differentials for an infectious disease causing fever and erosions and vesicles in the oral cavity of cattle except: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Traumatic Stomatitis Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus

Traumatic Stomatitis

If ticks carrying Ehrlichia ruminantium were found in several fields in New Hampshire, the most important measure to control the outbreak would be: Vaccination of susceptible animals Test and slaughter of susceptible wild birds Treatment of local cattle with acaricides Treatment of the environment with acaricides Both A and B

Treatment of the environment with acaricides

True/False: Even though there are border inspections, the smuggling of animals into the US is not that uncommon and continues to be a real risk for foreign disease introductions.

True

Insect transmission is of greatest importance for which of the following vesicular diseases? Swine vesicular disease Foot and mouth disease Senecavirus A Vesicular stomatitis None of the above

Vesicular stomatitis

Newcastle disease is caused by: Gallid herpesvirus 1 (alphaherpesvirus) Pasteurella multocida Highly pathogenic strains of the avian influenza virus Virulent strains of gallid herpesvirus 2 (lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus) Virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1

Virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype

It is unknown how West Nile virus entered the U.S. in 1999. Based on what you know about the virus, what would be the most likely source(s) for introduction: Infected humans Infected horses Any infected mammal Infected mosquitoes and birds

infected mosquitoes and birds

What species is thought to have first transmitted the H3N2 influenza virus to dogs in Asia? Cats Horses Wild rodents Avian species Horses and avians All of the above: cats, horses, wild rodents, and avians

Avian species

Which of the following avian influenza viruses are most likely to cause highly pathogenic avian influenza? H5N3 and H3N2 H5N1 and H7N7 H1N1 and H3N2 H7N2 and H3N2 H3N5 and H1N7

H5N1 and H7N7

You find a large, colorful, orange and black tick on a cow. What disease(s) might it be carrying? African swine fever Heartwater Equine babesiosis Bovine babesiosis East Coast fever

Heartwater

Bioterrorism would be suspected if anthrax is diagnosed: In both humans and animals at the same time in the Dakotas In several workers at an abattoir In people, cattle and dogs in Washington In a farmer in Texas In several dead cattle after heavy storms

In people, cattle and dogs in Washington

Foreign animal diseases can be ruled out in disease outbreaks affecting only wild animals because: Wild animals are unlikely to come into contact with carriers of foreign animal diseases Domestic animals are generally more susceptible to foreign animal diseases. Any foreign animal disease that affects wild animals will spread into domestic herds long before sick wild animals are noticed Both A and C are true None of the above. Foreign animal diseases must be considered when an outbreak affects only wild animals.

None of the above. Foreign animal diseases must be considered when an outbreak affects only wild animals.

Which of the following is an activity performed only by accredited veterinarians: Report suspected cases of reportable animal diseases Perform certain tests on animals on behalf of USDA-APHIS Charge more for performing surgeries Ship animals internationally without inspecting them Call the Federal veterinarian, i.e., Assistant Dierector (AD)

Perform certain tests on animals on behave of USDA-APHIS

True/False: Good risk communication will tailor the message to a specific audience.

True

The defining characteristic of reservoir hosts is that they: Never show clinical signs of infection Almost always show clinical signs of infection Serve as a habitat in which the pathogen can survive Transmit infectious by aerosol spread of direct contact, but not by indirect contact

Serve as a habitat in which the pathogen can survive

A call to your Federal or State animal health official is warranted (and encouraged) when you observe something suspect of a foreign animal disease. Which of the following would NOT be suspect and NOT warrant a call to an animal health official? Severe, malodorous, blood-tinged diarrhea in several two-week old calves in a dairy with 50 cows. Vesicles or erosions of the mouth and feet in one cow. Sudden death in 30% of the animals in a small herd of water buffalo. 75% mortality in lambs from a flock of 1000 sheep.

Severe, malodorous, blood-tinged diarrhea in several two-week old calves in a dairy with 50 cows.

True/False: Planning your exit before you enter a premises is an important biosecurity practice.

True

True/False: Good risk communication will often suggest positive actions people can take to reduce their risk.

True

Which disease(s) below are wildlife not susceptible to? Hemorrhagic Septicemia Malignant Catarrhal Fever Foot and Mouth Disease Rabies Wildlife are susceptible to all the listed diseases

Wildlife are susceptible to all the listed diseases

If avian influenza and virulent Newcastle disease are on your rule out list: (Choose one best answer.) You should notify state or federal authorities You should notify the AVMA You should not notify anyone until you have a diagnosis. The implications are too big if you call too soon with a suspect case. You should notify Public Health because these are both zoonotic diseases

You should notify state or federal authorities

If a practitioner suspects a foreign animal disease, he or she: Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to the State Animal Health Official (SAHO), who will forward them to diagnostic laboratories Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to national diagnostic laboratories Is responsible for reporting a suspected foreign animal disease to the Assistant Director (AD) or State Animal Health Official (SAHO). Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to local diagnostic laboratories

Is responsible for reporting a suspected foreign animal disease to the Assistant Director (AD) or State Animal Health Official (SAHO).

Animal disease outbreak Zoonotic Exotic Emerging Epizootic Transboundary

Epizootic

What was one of the major challenges for the response to the 2015 HPAI outbreak in the United States? Depopulation of large numbers of laying hens in cages and clean up exceeded the capabilities of the responders. The carrier state of the disease in the wild waterfowl. Surveillance efforts could not detect and keep up with the movement of the virus via the waterfowl. Because of the high risk for human infections, responders had to be put on prophylactic antivirals before they could help, this delayed the response time. The wide geographic distribution of the outbreak and coordination or teams across the country.

Depopulation of large numbers of laying hens in cages and clean up exceeded the capabilities of the responders

There is an outbreak of an infectious agent known to be transmitted directly and persist in the environment. Which of the following is a high risk for transmission and something you want to focus on immediately for control? Vertical transmission Transstadial transmission Fomite transmission None of the above. Outbreaks of these types of infectious agents have a low risk of transmission and dies out quickly so no route of transmission poses a higher risk than another

Fomite transmission

You are a category 1 accredited veterinarian. The owner of a dog and cockatiel is flying with her pets from New York to Los Angeles. The airline requires a health certificate for each one. Can you provide her with these documents? Yes, category 1 veterinarians can do all veterinary accredited work on all species Yes, since the limitation for category 1 veterinarians is that they can only write health certificates this would fall within your authorization. You would not be able to do surveillance and/ or testing Program Diseases, you would need Category 2 authorization for those activities. No, as a category 1 veterinarian you cannot write health certificates No, as a category 1 veterinarian you could write the health certificate for the dog but you cannot write one for the bird.

No, as a category 1 veterinarian you would write the health certificate for the dog but you cannot write one for the bird.

Vaccination Surveillance Testing Evacuation of animals Medical assessments Finance/Administration Logistics Planning Incident Command Operations

Operations

What animals does the African swine fever virus infect? Pigs Cattle Horses All of the above A and C only

Pigs

This resource provides the specifics of how to follow the law. Contains details on APHIS-approved methods and requirements (e.g. tests to run and how often) for a specific Program Disease. Program Standards Code of Federal Regulations NVAP Reference Guideline

Program Standards

True/False: The devastating 2015 HPAI outbreak in the Midwest was limited to commercial poultry operations. Backyard flocks were not affected.

False

True/False: When delivering risk communication it is best to show as little emotion as possible.

False

Which of the following would be consistent with swine vesicular disease (SVD), the disease caused by an enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family? Pigs are the only species naturally infected It is often spread by feeding pigs pork scraps The pigs have had contact with someone who has just returned from an endemic area All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of these types of diseases would be most difficult to prevent entering and infecting animals in the U.S? All pose a risk but which would pose the highest risk? A disease of various species that has wild birds as a reservoir A disease of swine that has a short incubation period and is highly fatal Highly contagious disease of cattle A disease of cattle transmitted by a tick vector

A disease of various species that has wild birds as a reservoir

Which of the following is NOT consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease? Vesicles on the feet of pigs and cows Vesicles on the snout of pigs but not horses Pigs that are fed scraps only Pigs that are fed scraps as a supplement to commercial feed All of the above could be consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease

All of the above could be consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease

You should contact state or federal authorities if you find _______ in the United States: Amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf coast tick Amblyomma dissimile, the Iguana tick Amblyomma cajennense, the Cayenne tick Any of the above

Amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick

Agroterrorism is: Any act that targets agriculture, crops, or animals. Likely to be caused by agents that cause sudden death in animals, such as anthrax, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium hemolyticum, and Leptospira spp. Less harmful than bioterrorism Intentional use of microorganisms or biological toxins to cause death or disease in humans. A specific form of bioterrorism in which the biological weapons target animal or crop agriculture to cause economic damage and instability.

A specific form of bioterrorism in which the biological weapons target animal or crop agriculture to cause economic damage and instability.

Which of the following diseases could NOT be eradicated by controlling its tick vector(s)? Assume that all vector(s),including those on wildlife or feral hosts, can be completely eradicated. East Coast fever Equine babesiosis African swine fever Bovine babesiosis Heartwater

African swine fever

International trade (if it was shut down) may resume following a foreign animal disease outbreak: After all the OIE standards for the disease are met. After no new clinical cases have been identified for 30 days. After USDA-APHIS notifies the OIE member countries. After USDA-APHIS standards for the disease are met.

After all the OIE standards for the disease are met

Which of the following would be the best description of the classical swine fever virus? A large DNA virus in the genus Asfivirus with wide strain variability in virulence A single stranded RNA virus in the Coronaviridae family and is often very virulent in young animals and less virulent in older animals An RNA virus in the genus Pestivirus with wide strain variability in virulence An RNA virus in the genus Aphthovirus with multiple serotypes and many different strains

An RNA virus in the genus Pestivirus with wide strain variability in virulence

Which of these are zoonotic diseases from CDC's Bioterrorism Category A agents list: Ricin, Botulism, and Smallpox Q Fever, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and Nipah virus Plague, Hantavirus, and Anthrax Anthrax, Botulism, and Plague Smallpox, Tularemia, and Brucellosis

Anthrax, Botulism, and Plague

True/False: In this scenario, could chickens infected with low pathogenicity avian influenza have been the source of the virus for a poultry flock with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)?

True

Risk communication is an important component in the response to a potential crisis. Which is NOT appropriate when dealing with a potential FMD outbreak: Let your client know what you know, what you don't know, and what you are doing to find answers Let your client know what procedures are mandatory to follow, as well as any additional steps he can or should take to protect his animals and prevent the disease from spreading. Discuss the public health aspects of the disease. Assure your client that they don't need to worry and that everything will be ok. Let your client know when you will have further information.

Assure your client that they don't need to worry and that everything will be ok.

The differentials for a pet bird with ruffled feathers, diarrhea, mild respiratory signs and neurologic signs would include: Aspergillosis, chlamydiosis, avian influenza, calcium deficiency, and salmonellosis Avian influenza, encephlomalacia, and virulent Newcastle's disease, systemic organ disease, and parasitism Lead toxicity, Pacheco's disease, avian influenza, virulent Newcastle's disease and aspergillosis Avian influenza, Pacheco's disease, salmonellosis, and virulent Newcastle's disease All of the above

Avian influenza, Pacheco's disease, salmonellosis, and virulent Newcastle's disease

True/False: Intensive animal production and backyard animal production are both causes of disease emergence and reemergence.

True

True/False: Most humans that become infected with West Nile virus are asympotmatic

True

You suspect that a herd of pigs has swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus). What should your next steps be? Keep careful records of your observations and send blood samples to Plum Island Quarantine the herd and send blood and fecal samples to a local diagnostic laboratory Depopulate the herd and burn the carcasses on the premises Send the herd to a commercial abattoir, specifying that the meat is not to be used for human consumption Call state and federal animal health authorities for help

Call state and federal animal health authorities for help

Cleaning and disinfection of virulent Newcastle's disease (vND) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI): (Choose one best answer.) Is a very difficult process because these viruses are very hardy Can be accomplished with widely available disinfectants as long as organic material does not interfere Is unnecessary when these viruses are contained in organic material where they will die quickly. Other surfaces must be disinfected with widely available disinfectants. Can only be accomplished with a limited number of disinfectants that are specifically made for these viruses A and D

Can be accomplished with widely available disinfectants as long as organic material does not interfere

Which of the following is a salient feature of clinical signs associated with PED? Clinical signs include diarrhea and vomiting with very high piglet mortality, up to 100%; adults usually recover. The salient feature of PED is abortion storms. Enteric and respiratory clinical signs are common but resemble other diseases. The clinical signs can vary and resemble many other diseases, e.g. hemorrhagic lesions on the skin (blue ears), bloody diarrhea, mild fever, and decreased production; therefore, there aren't really any salient features. Vomiting and diarrhea affecting all animals in the herd similarly, i.e. animal age does not affect the severity of clinical signs.

Clinical signs include diarrhea and vomiting with very high piglet mortality, up to 100%; adults usually recover.

True/False: Risk communication should be two way: delivering information to the public as well as listening to public concerns.

True

True/False: Based on population projections, current food production will be able to provide food for the world population.

False

True/False: Emergency response plans are mainly for government agencies and they are not that important for veterinary practices, clients, and families. As long as there are local, State, and Federal plans, things will go as smoothly as they can in an emergency.

False

True/False: Fear and Trust greatly impact Risk Communication. Generally fear is rapidly acquired, readily extinguished, and easily re-established.

False

True/False: Less than 50% of the new emerging human infectious diseases have been vector-borne or zoonotic.

False

Choose the most appropriate sequence for inspecting animals on a suspect FMD farm: Healthy animals with no sick animal contact, healthy animals with contact, hospital facility Hospital facility, healthy animals with no sick animal contact, healthy animals with contact Hospital facility, healthy animals with sick animal contact, healthy animals with no contact Healthy animals with no sick animal contact, hospital facility, healthy animals with contact Healthy animals with sick animal contact, healthy animals with no contact, hospital facility

Healthy animals with no sick animal contact, healthy animals with contact, hospital facility

When should you contact a state animal health official if FMD is suspected? Immediately, the state animal health official will advise you what to do next; he/she may have you stay at the farm until the FADD arrives. At the end of the day when you make the rest of your calls Not until you get a definitive diagnosis; you don't want to waste their time Immediately, but then continue on to your next appointment Never, as FMD is endemic and you're not to contact a state animal health official about endemic diseases.

Immediately, the state animal health official will advise you what to do next; he/she may have you stay at the farm until the FADD arrives.

Cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (CSE) is caused by a nematode Elaphostrongylus rangiferi. The lifecycle of the parasite requires an intermediate host. This disease was introduced to Canadian caribou by reindeer from Norway. The most likely means of introduction was: Infected reindeer entered Canada and shed the parasite in their feces, local snails ingested the parasite, and were then ingested by the Canadian caribou. Infected reindeer entered Canada and flies mechanically transmitted the parasite from the reindeer to the Canadian caribou. Infected reindeer transmitted the disease via nose to nose contact with the native Canadian caribou. Contaminated boots on herdsmen from Norway allowed Canadian caribou to sniff and lick their boots.

Infected reindeer entered Canada and shed the parasite in their feces, local snails ingested the parasite, and were then ingested by the Canadian caribou

Hemorrhages seen in the skin of animals infected with CSF, ASF, Salmonella, and Erysipelas are a result of: Virulence factors that act on the bone marrow to decrease platelet production Damage to the liver and decreased production of clotting factors Toxins produced which act on platelets Infection of and/or secretion of cytokines that damage endothelial cells

Infection of and/or secretion of cytokines that damage endothelial cells

True/False: The owner brought a bird home from the live bird market. He used the cage he took to the live bird market to move some of his poultry. Could the virus have been introduced into the poultry flock from the cage?

True

The National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN): Is the software used by the NVSL laboratories for reporting test results to ADDs and SAHOs Is a network of laboratories that support NVSL during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and conducting surveillance testing. Is the OIE network of all approved testing laboratories in OIE member countries. Is a network of laboratories where each specializes in testing for one or two diseases Can perform the confirmatory test for the first suspected case of a foreign animal disease.

Is a network of laboratories that support NVSL during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and conducting surveillance testing

The National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN): Is the OIE network of all approved testing laboratories in OIE member countries. Is a network of laboratories that support NVSL during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and conducting surveillance testing. Is a network of laboratories where each specializes in testing for one or two diseases can perform the confirmatory test for the first suspected case of a foreign animal disease. e. is the software used by the NVSL laboratories for reporting test results to ADDs and SAHOs

Is a network of laboratories that support NVSL during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and conducting surveillance testing.

A foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD): Is a veterinarian who was trained at the foreign animal disease diagnostics laboratory (FADDL) on Plum Island, NY to recognize and diagnose exotic animal diseases. If an FAD is suspected these are the only veterinarians who should collect and submit laboratory samples for FADs. Are all State employees and each State has two FADDs to ensure rapid response to suspected foreign animal disease incursions. Will conduct the investigation of a suspect FAD and is responsible for collecting samples and shipping them to the nearest veterinary diagnostic laboratory. The FADD then transfers responsibility back to the local veterinarian who advises the client on biosecurity. All of the above are true.

Is a veterinarian who was trained at the foreign animal disease diagnostics laboratory (FADDL) on Plum Island, NY to recognize and diagnose exotic animal diseases. If an FAD is suspected these are the only veterinarians who should collect and submit laboratory samples for FADs.

The OIE (Office International Des Epizooties/World Organization for Animal Health): Is informed immediately by federal authorities of the affected member nation, when an OIE listed disease is confirmed. The OIE then reports the outbreak to other member nations. Is informed of all foreign animal disease outbreaks immediately, but must not divulge the information to any country not directly involved in the outbreak Should be informed directly by the State Animal Health Official (SAHO) who first suspects an OIE listed disease is present. Joins federal and state authorities in establishing local measures to control an outbreak

Is informed immediately by federal authorities of the affected member nation, when an OIE listed disease is confirmed. The OIE then reports the outbreak to other member nations.

What is the most likely explanation for how H3N2 canine influenza emerged in the United States? It arrived in dogs rescued and imported from Asia. It was transmitted from wild waterfowl to dogs in the Chicago area. It was transmitted to dogs because of the practice of feeding raw horse meat to racing greyhounds. It was transmitted directly from humans to dogs and then adapted to dogs and spread.

It arrived in dogs rescued and imported from Asia.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the OIE? It publishes the primary reference manuals/codes governing international trade in animals and animal products More than half of all countries in the world are members of the OIE It maintains a list of the most important human diseases and distributes information about the presence of absence of these human diseases in each country It is the acronym for the World Organization for Animal Health

It maintains a list of the most important human diseases and distributes information about the presence or absence of these human disease in each country

One of your clients who recently returned from a mission trip to The Democratic Republic of the Congo calls because he is concerned about some of his pigs that are slightly lame, and he thinks at least one of them has sores on its snout. He also has other animals, i.e. two dogs, farm cats, a couple of horses, goats, and sheep. What should you do: Examine the sick pigs only Look over all of the healthy animals on the farm first then proceed to the animals showing clinical signs Advise the owner to give antibiotics to the sick pigs. Immediately contact state and federal authorities and not attempt to examine any animals yourself since this sounds like it could be FMD. Ask him to watch them for a day or two and see if they get better.

Look over all of the healthy animals on the farm first then proceed to the animals showing clinical signs

Which is NOT considered a risk for introduction and/or spread of African swine fever? Garbage feeding Feral swine Trucks moving between farms Mosquitoes Illegal movement of pork products

Mosquitoes

Anthrax in cattle: Is most commonly diagnosed in cattle on pasture in the southeastern U.S., sudden death may occur in some animals, others will often present with acute lameness, depression, and characteristic edematous and crepitant swelling in the hip and shoulder. Is rare because cattle are fairly resistant; however, peracute disease (sudden death) can result after exposure to large doses of anthrax. Most commonly presents as a peracute disease (sudden death) after ingestion or inhalation of spores; bloody discharges from the body orifices from the dead animals result in contamination of the environment with spores and these are a source of infection to other animals and people. Most commonly presents as cutaneous lesions; these lesions can be difficult to detect and the disease then progresses to septicemia and sudden death. Affects usually the adult cattle in good condition; they often have hemoglobinuria (blood in the urine) a couple of days before they die.

Most commonly presents as a peracute disease (sudden death) after ingestion or inhalation of spores; bloody discharges from the body orifices from the dead animals result in contamination of the environment with spores and these are a source of infection to other animals and people.

Which of the following poultry diseases are reportable and foreign animal diseases? Fowl cholera and virulent Newcastle disease Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza Marek's disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza Highly pathogenic avian influenza and infectious laryngotracheitis Infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek's disease

Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza

You would expect acaricide treatment of animals to be LEAST effective in controlling: Ornithodoros erraticus Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Boophilus microplus Amblyomma variegatum Boophilus annulatus

Ornithodoros erraticus

You suspect a case of foot and mouth disease and have contacted federal authorities. They will be at the farm within an hour, but your receptionist called and told you that there is an emergency with a horse at a nearby ranch. You should: Wash your boots with antiseptic and see the horse, as it is not susceptible to foot and mouth disease See the horse immediately, as the foot and mouth agent cannot be spread by humans See the horse, but treat it with antibiotics to prevent foot and mouth disease Refer the case to a colleague, as horses are susceptible to foot and mouth disease Refer the case to a colleague, as you are afraid of spreading the infection on fomites

Refer the case to a colleague, as you are afraid of spreading the infection on fomites

Which of the following is least likely to cause vesicular lesions in swine? Foot and mouth disease Rinderpest Swine vesicular disease Pigs housed on concrete Photosensitization by plants in the feed

Rinderpest

How can you distinguish a hard tick (ixodid tick) from a soft tick (argasid tick)? Soft ticks are found only on invertebrates Hard ticks are insects and have modified wings, while soft ticks are arachnids Soft ticks feed only on plants Soft ticks are insects and have modified wings, while hard ticks are arachnids Soft ticks have a leathery body, and hard ticks have a hard shield (the scutum)

Soft ticks have a leathery body, and hard ticks have a hard shield (the scutum

True/False: The risk analysis paradigm assumes that there are options for managing every risk.

True

You are suspicious of anthrax in cattle at a client's ranch, and you have a concern about nefarious activity. What should you say and do? (Choose one best answer.) Tell your client as much as you can about what might be happening and all you know about anthrax. You should let him know you suspect bioterrorism/agroterrorism but encourage him not to be afraid. Try to assure him everything will be fine and remind him animal health officials are trained to handle these kinds of cases. You also suggest he not say anything to his family, but just make sure they don't go near the area where the animals are. You let him know you will be in contact whenever you hear back from the lab. Tell your client you do not know what this is but you will find out and get back to him. Tell your client that the clinical signs are consistent with anthrax, you are not sure how the cattle were exposed, and you are going to call the animal health officials to help with answering some of the questions. You let him know anthrax is zoonotic and help him know the appropriate biosecurity measures to take to protect himself, his family, and other animals. When you leave, you tell him you will call him in three to four hours to give him an update. You make sure he has your contact information in case he has questions or thinks of more information he would like you to know. Don't mention it, take appropriate precautions to get samples for the lab, let the client know you will be in contact. Be honest with the client and tell him you suspect bioterrorism/agroterrorism.

Tell your client that the clinical signs are consistent with anthrax, you are not sure how the cattle were exposed, and you are going to call the animal health officials to help with answering some of the questions. You let him know anthrax is zoonotic and help him know the appropriate biosecurity measures to take to protect himself, his family, and other animals. When you leave, you tell him you will call him in three to four hours to give him an update. You make sure he has your contact information in case he has questions or thinks of more information he would like you to know

Which of the following actions should you avoid when educating your clients and the public during an FMD outbreak: Providing current and consistent information Staying calm Providing a FAQ sheet Telling the public your speculations Deferring questions which are not covered in factsheets and FAQ sheets to the proper authorities

Telling the public your speculations

The U.S. classical swine fever surveillance program includes: (Choose the one best answer.) Running serologic tests on all imported cattle and pigs regardless of the country of origin. Testing for CSF in tissue submitted from certain targeted populations of pigs, such as sick pigs submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory and feral swine collected by Wildlife Services. Testing for CSF virus in each liver sample submitted from pigs in high risk states Sampling of 85% of pigs sent to slaughter

Testing for CSF in tissue submitted from certain targeted populations of pigs, such as sick pigs submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory and feral swine collected by Wildlife Services

In the United States, the primary responsibility for protection against foreign animal diseases is assigned to: The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) with states and industry as part of the partnership. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) with states and industry as part of the partnership. Individual state agencies along with industry and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) with states and industry as part of the partnership

Classical swine fever (CSF) and African swine fever can resemble endemic diseases of pigs and must be diagnosed by laboratory testing. In the U.S., the only laboratories that can confirm the positive diagnosis of an exotic disease in the index case are: (Choose one best answer) The National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) The National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) laboratories c. Certified Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (CVDL) d. The OIE Laboratories in Paris, France

The National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL)

Which countries still have classical swine fever (CSF) in their domesticated pigs: (Choose the one best answer) This disease is still common in many countries, but it has been eradicated from U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and most of Europe. Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Asia Canada, Mexico, and Haiti, as well as Europe and Asia This disease has really been eradicated from most of the world but it is still present in Haiti and Central America, close to the US

This disease is still common in many countries, but it has been eradicated from U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and most of Europe.

True/False: If 30% of pens with cattle previously on feed for over 100 days are febrile, depressed, and have oral lesions, it could be FMD. You should call the animal health authorities and be aware that "what you say and do matters."

True

True/False: In the United States, emergency response is planned as a bottom-up system rather than a top down system. Meaning, the response is local and managed locally until the next level up is contacted to help rather than a Federal response getting things under control, then passing responsibility down to State, etc

True

The most critical step of a disease control program is the recognition of suspect cases and subsequent rapid reporting to state or federal authorities. The most likely group(s) to perform this step is/are: Federal veterinarians who survey animal establishments periodically for foreign animal diseases Veterinary diagnostic laboratories Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories State and federal veterinarians

Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories

Which is true of the veterinarian's oath: Veterinarians are responsible for diagnosing human infectious that result form contact with animals Veterinarians have responsibility for promoting public health Veterinarians are responsible for protecting animal health but have no responsibility for human health Veterinarians must relieve animal and human suffering None of these are true

Veterinarians have responsibility for promoting public health

Which is the most accurate statement with regard to the CDC's Category ABC Agents List? Agents are divided into A=viruses, B = bacteria, and C = toxins; all agents on the list represents agents that have been used as a bioweapon or there is a history of development for use as a bioweapon Is for use by the human medical community and public health and is not really relevant to veterinarians; only the USDA's high consequence livestock pathogen list is relevant to veterinarians and the animal health industry. Have been categorized based on the severity of disease they cause (most fatal (no treatments) to least fatal (good treatments available). Was established as a way to help prioritize preparedness efforts; for example, Category A agents receive the highest priority because they pose the highest risk to public and national security. Is a list of viruses, bacteria and toxins, categorized based on accessibility to terrorists, and most of them are human pathogens only; however, there are a couple of agents on the list that are zoonotic so veterinarians should be aware and informed about those agents.

Was established as a way to help prioritize preparedness efforts; for example, Category A agents receive the highest priority because they pose the highest risk to public and national security.

Which of the following is true of West Nile virus infections in the United States? West Nile virus cycles between mosquitoes and birds and can be transmitted by mosquitoes to mammals and reptiles Because the vector is known, the disease is easy to control Quarantine of horses is important in control of WNV disease because horses contribute to the spread of the virus Infections in commercial poultry significantly contribute to WNV infections in geographical areas where most commercial poultry are raised

West Nile virus cycles between mosquitoes and birds and can be transmitted by mosquitoes to mammals and reptiles

You are investigating a disease outbreak in a herd of cattle: two calves died suddenly of unknown causes, and several cows aborted late in pregnancy. Should you do necropsies on these animals? (Choose one best answer.) Yes. No precautions are necessary, since zoonotic agents are rare. No. Call state or federal officials; tell them that you suspect bioterrorism. Yes, but wear protective clothing, gloves, and a surgical mask. and protect the environment. No. You must call a university pathologist to help you do the necropsy. No. Call state or federal officials; tell them that you suspect a foreign animal disease.

Yes, but wear protective clothing, gloves, and a surgical mask. and protect the environment.

An animal infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium is introduced into the United States; however, this animal has been treated with acaricides and does not carry any tropical bont ticks. Could this animal start an epidemic of heartwater? Yes. This disease can be spread by nasal secretions. Yes. This disease can be spread by species of ticks present in the United States. No. The tick that spreads this disease does not exist in the United States. No. Heartwater is not an infectious disease. Both A and B are true.

Yes. This disease can be spread by species of ticks present in the United States.