Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
Which is a larger change in temperature: a change of 1 Celsius degree or 1 Fahrenheit degree? Explain.
A change in temperature of 1 Celsius degree is greater than a temperature change of 1 Fahrenheit degree because a Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit degree. The Celsius degree is larger because there are 100 Celsius degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water, but there are 180 Fahrenheit degrees between the same points.
Describe how a thermometer works.
A liquid, often mercury or alcohol, is sealed in a long, thin glass tube. As the liquid is heated, the particles speed up and spread out. When the particles spread out, the liquid takes up more volume, and so it expands and rises in the tube. When the liquid cools, the particles come closer together, causing the liquid to contract and flow down the tube.
How do the units of the Celsius temperature scale compare to those of the Kelvin scale?
A one-degree change in temperature on the Celsius temperature scale is equal to a one-unit temperature change on the Kelvin temperature scale.
No more energy can be removed from matter at
Absolute Zero
How does an increase in the total energy of the particles in a substance affect the thermal energy of the substance?
An increase in the total energy of the particles in a substance results in an increase in the thermal energy of the substance.
If a bathtub and a cup contain water at the same temperature, which will have more thermal energy? Why?
Even though the water in a filled bathtub may be at the same temperature as water in a teacup, the water in the bathtub has more thermal energy because it contains a greater number of water molecules.
Water freezes at 32 degrees on which temperature scale?
Fahrenheit
List the three different temperature scales.
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin
Heat is the measurement of energy from all the particles that are in a substance.
False
The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called
Heat
Absolute zero is shown as 0 on which scale?
Kelvin
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 Kelvin is called its
Specific Heat
Any temperature on the Kelvin scale can be changed to Celsius degrees by
Subtracting 273 from it
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object is called
Temperature
If two glasses of water are at the same temperature, what do you know about the kinetic energy of the particles in the glasses of water?
The kinetic energy of the particles in the two glasses of water is the same.
Iron has a higher specific heat than silver. If 1 kg of iron and 1 kg of silver absorb equal amounts of heat, the temperature of which will increase by a greater amount?
The temperature of the silver will increase by a greater amount.
What is thermal energy?
The total energy of all the particles in a substance.
What is the difference between thermal energy and heat?
Thermal energy is the total energy of all of the particles of a substance. Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to another at a lower temperature. Thermal energy is a form of energy, while heat is a form of energy transfer.
A change in the thermal energy of an object is related to the object's specific heat, temperature change, and mass.
True
If two glasses of water are at the same temperature, the average kinetic energy of the particles of water in each glass is the same.
True
