Tenses

perfect present tense when to use (need more work)

- habits that continue to the present - experiences of life - possibility of future (have you had babies) started in last but continues to present or has relation to present/possibility of future eg i still have not been to the park

imperfect past ar / ir+er

AR estar estaba estabas estaba estábamos estaban ER IR tener tenía tenías tenía teníamos tenían

Simple past conjugations: hablar, comer

Ar: hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablaron Er/ir: comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comieron

Past continuing (uses imperfect)

Estar (conjugated in imperfect: estaba, estabas, estaba, estábamos, estaban) + Root of verb (e.g: andar - and) + ar= ando / er=iendo

Present continuing

Estar (conjugated in present: estoy, estas, esta, estamos, estan) + Root of verb (e.g: andar - and) + ar= ando / er=iendo

Estar past

Estuve Estuviste Estuvo Estuvimos Estuvieron

Translate: I went to work

Fui a trabajar

Translate: it was difficult to work

Fui difícil trabajar

Ser + ir past

Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

Regular present conjugations: hablar, comer, vivir

Hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, hablan Como, comes, come, comemos, comen Vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, viven

indirect and direct objects

INDIRECT THEN DIRECT THEN VERB INDIRECT - me te lo/la nos los/las DIRECT- me te le(se) nos les(se) she gives the book to me ella melo da ella dámelo (?)

simple future conjugation

INFINITIVE + ALL THE SAME ENDINGS leeré leerás leerá leeremos leerán

conditional conjugstion

INFINITIVE + ENDING podria podrias podría podríamos podrían

-ing words

Only use this if the verbs are/were happening I was walking - Estaba andando I am working- Estoy trabajando I continue to be- Yo sigo siendo I continue to learn- Yo sigo aprendiendo i am showering myself - me estoy duchar, estoy duchándome ir - yendo SAME IRREGULARS AS PRESENT BUT ONLY THE IR VERBS - e to i (most e to ie goes to i) pidiendo - o to u : durmiendo - ui to y : fluyendo in past u usually use imperfect here estaba lloviendo use simple past to emphasise duration estuve trabajando todo el día

3 imperfect past irregulars

SER era eras era eramos eran VER veía veías veía veíamos veían IR iba ibas iba íbamos iban

ser vs estar

SER time origin profession relationships possessives characteristics (define by exclusion - intelligent or not, tall or not) ESTAR emotions continuing actions locations states (mode of being - not by exclusion - sick/tired) TENER frio/calor hambre/sed suerte curiosidad sueño dólar de miedo de

Simple past IRREGULAR endings (tener)

Tener = tuv Tuvé Tuviste Tuvó tuvimos Tuvieron

Ver past

Ví Viste vió Vimos Vieron

Irregular simple past andar decir estar hacer poder poner querer saber tener traer venir traducir

anduv dij (*ellos dijeron) estuv hic (*ella hizo) pud [poder] pus [poner] quis [querer] sup [saber] tub traj (*trajeron) vin [venir] traduj

conjugate conseguir in present

consigo consigues consigue conseguimos consiguen

construir simple past

construí construiste construyó construimos construyeron

imperfect past uses

describing past routines or habits or repeated acts in the past continuing actions that were interrupted reporting speech plans and thoughts THINK; is it a specific event or a period of time? is the time open or closed, what are the markers (yesterday, when i was young..)

uses for condiyional

desires recommendafions peticions (can you give me) invitations suppositions about past

dormir past simple

dormí dormiste durmió dormimos durmieron

dar in present and past

doy das da damos dan dí diste dio dimos dieron

empezar simple past

empecé empezaste empezó empezamos empezaron

explicar simple past

expliqué explicaste explicó explicamos explicaron

pluscuam uses

first time experienxes in the present [NO NUNCA] (nunca habia visitado una cuidad tan bonita) past of the past [YA ANTES CUANDO] (when i arrived you had already left)

effective verbs

gustar encantar interesar molestar preocupadar disgustar me te le nos les

pluscyam conjugations

había habías había habíamos habían + ar -ado + er/ir -ido BOOBY irrwgulars

perfect present conjugation

he has ha hemos han + ar -ado + ir/er -ido BOOBY SET OF IRREGULARS ir - ido ser - sido decir - dicho ...

llegar simple past

llegue llegaste llego llegamos llegaron

reflexive verbs

me te se nos se enojarse get mad quesarse complain preocuparse worry alegrarse to be glad or happy sentirse i feel irse to leave volverse become suddenly hacerse become as a process ponerse put on/get feelings perderse get lost

when to use imperfect: pensar, conocer, saber

pensar IM: you thought/believe ongoing SP: new thought you had conocer IM: you knew them already SP: met for first time saber IM: ongoing knowledge SP: beginning of knowledge

preferir simple past

preferí preferiste prefirió preferimos prefirieron

simple future and conditional irregulars tener, venir, poner, poder, saber, decir, hacer, salir, caber, valer

tener - tendr venir - vendr poner - pondr poder - podr saber - sabr decir - dir hacer - har salir - saldr caber - cabr valer - valdr querer - querr

when to use imperfect tense - have to, can do, want to, don't want to

tener que IM: you were supposed to but no act yet SP: you were supposed to and did poder IM: u were able to but no act yet SP: u managed to do something querer IM: wanted to but haven't yet SP: wanted to and did no querer IM: didn't want to but didn't refuse SP: refused and didn't do it

conjugate ver in present

veo ves ve vemos ven ví viste vio vimos vieron SP

booby irregulars volver, poner, decir, hacer, esxribir, vestir, morir, abrir, resolver, romper

volver - vuelto poner - puesto decir - dicho hacer - hecho escribir - escrito vestir - visto morir - muerto abrir - abierto resolver - resuelto (resolved) romper - roto cerrar - cierto??

simple future uses

wonder things about the present - i wonder where she is: donde estará ella also for actions very in the future - i will have 10 kids possibilities - maybe i will visit cusco doubts - maybe my dog is ill