Test 2 Chapter 6

According to Erikson, mobility and inquisitiveness are associated with the developmental stage of A) initiative versus guilt. B) intimacy versus isolation. C) generativity versus stagnation. D) trust versus mistrust.

A

According to Erikson, the crisis in a developmental stage is A) like a fever, and when it breaks the crisis is resolved successfully. B) like a butterfly coming out of a cocoon, transformed. C) like an elephant stampeding from the herd, going on its own. D) like an international crisis, in which defenses are mobilized.

A

Crucial to the development of a sense of basic trust versus basic mistrust is A) the experience with the mother, or primary caregiver. B) the degree of shame and doubt that has developed. C) the age at which the child begins nursery school. D) acceptance or rejection by siblings.

A

Erikson thought that the development of a sense of identity could be understood as the construction of a(n) A) personal life story. B) home on a solid foundation. C) culturally informed personality. D) ever-changing mandala.

A

In college students, researchers have found that a more developed sense of identity is associated with more mature defense mechanisms, better performance under stress, and A) better grades. B) more satisfying love relationships. C) less conflict with peers. D) less substance abuse

A

Learning to let go, to hold on, to will, and sense right from wrong are associated mainly with which developmental stage? A) Autonomy versus shame and doubt B) Initiative versus guilt C) Industry versus inferiority D) Basic trust versus basic mistrust

A

The stage generativity versus stagnation typcially includes A) caring for others. B) developing a sense of adult responsibility. C) taking "time out" to devote to role experimentation. D) dealing with ultmate concerns.

A

Erikson's focus on the positive characteristics developed at each stage A) is simliar to that found in Freud's schema. B) understands the virtues developed as more to do with potency than morality. C) underscores the importance of developing morality. D) was borrowed by positive psychologists.

B

Latency is to competence as adolescence is to A) love. B) fidelity. C) purpose. D) openness.

B

McAdams and Pals's Eriksonian-based model for personality study includes the principle that A) people create similar life narratives in order to better fit into their respective groups. B) human lives are based in a general evolutionary design of human nature. C) culture is an indirect influence on individuals. D) individual differences are initially based on variations in early learned behavior.

B

The phrase "identity crisis" was coined by Erikson to describe patients who A) behaved narcissistically. B) were in a constant "startled" state. C) were sexually confused. D) rigidly held on to their social roles

B

The virtue ideally developed in the stage of intimacy versus isolation is A) hope. B) love. C) care. D) fidelity.

B

Which kind of specific identity is expressed in hostility toward available social goals and values? A) Narcissistic identity. B) Negative identity. C) Conflicted identity. D) Amorphous identity.

B

Whom did Erikson begin daily analysis with in 1927? A) Karen Horney B) Anna Freud C) Erich Fromm D) Sigmund Freud

B

A positive experience that may occur during the intimacy versus isolation stage is the development of A) identification with a role model. B) a feeling of self-control. C) mutuality with a love partner. D) acceptance of one's parents

C

Critics of Erikson have raised questions about A) his overly technical writing style. B) his personal life outside of academia. C) the universality of his theories. D) his overemphasis on women over men in his formulations.

C

Erikson associated a child's failure to do well when first attending school with the development of A) a sense of shame and doubt. B) a sense of mistrust. C) a sense of inferiority or inadequacy. D) a sense of role confusion.

C

The final developmental stage of ego integrity versus despair deals with A) family concerns. B) a focus on one's own lifestyle. C) acceptance of one's own unique life cycle. D) negotiating intimacy with a love-relationship partner.

C

In a sense, Erikson developed what kind of theory for the second half of the twentieth century? A) Stage identity theory B) Cross-cutural psychohistory theory C) Eriksonian theory D) Psychoanalytic theory

D

In his later years while rethinking his beliefs regarding the last stage of life, Erikson exchanged integrity with integrality, and wisdom with A) "universal trust," as the final virtue. B) "embodied knowledge," as the final virtue. C) "wholistic detachment," as the final virtue. D) "faith," as the final virture.

D

Learning to plan ahead, making use of fantasy, and developing a sense of purpose are characteristic of which stage? A) Industry versus inferiority B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt C) Basic trust versus basic mistrust D) Initiative versus guilt

D

Thanks to Erikson's work, every text in human development today includes discussion on A) child development. B) relational development. C) the importance of integration. D) adult development.

D

The concept of identity may refer to A) an unconscious sense of individual identity. B) a discontinuity in personal character. C) a criterion for ego destabilization. D) maintenance of an inner solidarity with one's group's ideals and identity.

D

T or F Although one can still learn its theories and methodology, the field of psychobiography has lost popularity over the years.

F

T or F An adult's ability to trust depends on the quantity of feeding and handling he or she received as a child.

F

T or F Erikson extended Freud's idea of the anal stage of development to include issues of fidelity and love in the larger social context

F

T or F Escaping the growing fascism in Europe, the Eriksons moved to San Francisco where Erik became the city's first child psychoanalyst

F

T or F Given the positive and negative side to every stage of development, an individual should strive to develop the positive attributes as opposed to the negative ones.

F

T or F In Erikson's theory, each developmental stage is independent from the others

F

T or F Like Freud, Erikson based his description of human development on specific organ-related experiences, rather than on more general styles of coping with, and relating to, the environment.

F

T or F Research has emerged to indicate challenges unique to a possible ninth and even tenth stage to Erikson's model.

F

T or F Social relationships are incidental to stages of human development

F

T or F The pathological absence of narcissism is generativity, unhealthy self-absorption that prevents the individual from loving or caring for others.

F

T or F When the 4 to 6 year old begins "getting into everything," she is attempting to reestablish intimacy in an environment in which she thinks she has lost it

F

T or F . Erikson observed that many "great individuals" were often dominated by a childhood-originating sense that they needed to settle or "live down" something.

T

T or F According to researcher McAdams, early years set either an optimistic or pessimistic tone for the integrative life story of each individual

T

T or F Erikson agrees with Freud's view of the primacy of biological drives, but considered these drives to be socially modifiable.

T

T or F Erikson pointed out that the growth of a sense of identity is in part dependent on the past

T

T or F For Erikson, parenthood is the core of generativity

T

T or F Identity has both psychological and social aspects

T

T or F In the developmental pattern, a crisis is not necessarily dramatic or overtly disruptive.

T

T or F In the framework of human psychosocial evolution, we are essentially a teaching species

T

T or F Lending support to the idea of the existence of a ninth stage, Tornstam has found evidence for further psychosocial development beyond the eighth stage

T

T or F Published in 1950, Erikson's Chilhood and Society contains the fundamental formulations of virtually all of his major ideas.

T

T or F Satisfaction in doing a job well characterizes Erikson's sense of work as distinguished from play

T

T or F Someone who feels threatened by intimacy may in fact be experiencing a weak sense of identity

T

T or F Strongly influenced by his firsthand knowledge of other cultures, Erikson's theoretical focus was on healthy personality development

T

T or F The Eriksonian therapist's job is to foster the patient's potential for growth and development, rather than to impose his or her own future expectations or past experience on the patient.

T

T or F The epigenetic model of human development suggest that each life stage develops on top of the subquent life stages.

T

T or F When a child begins to develop the muscular ability to hold on and to let go, she is also likely to begin learning about personal autonomy.

T

T or F With the aid of a particular scale, researchers have found that fathers indeed score higher on generativity than men without children.

T