Test #2 Review
'What IV fluid would you hang for a pt with CHF?
Normal Saline
What happens when pulmonary surfactant decreases?
Reduces surface tension within the aleveoli
Five percent dextrose in water (D5W) is an isotonic solution until it:
is administered to a patient.
Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must:
take standard precautions.
500 micrograms (µg) is equal to:
0.5 mg.
What is the proper depth of chest compressions for a 9 month old?
1 1/2 inches
One milliliter (mL) is the equivalent of:
1 cubic centimeter.
A severely injured patient has lost approximately 750 mL of blood. What is the appropriate volume of crystalloid solution to administer to the patient?
2,250 mL
How many and at what rate do you perform chest compressions for an infant?
30/2
Medical control has ordered you to start an IV on a dehydrated patient and administer normal saline at a rate of 200 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (10 gtts/mL) tubing and an 18-gauge catheter, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at?
33
What steps are taken for an infant with a foreign body airway obstruction?
5 back blows between shoulder blades
At what PSI should you exchange your portable O2 tanks?
500
You have a prefilled syringe containing 25g of dextrose in 50 mL of volume. How many milligrams of dextrose are present in each milliliter?***
500 mg
What percentage of water accounts for the total body weight?
60%
What is the most significant draw back for scalp vein cannulation in an infant?
Aesthetically unpleasant for both the child and parents and can produce apprehension in both because of location
What is the medical term for unequal pupils?
Anisocoria
Which of the following techniques is appropriate when cannulating a vein?
Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45° angle.
Which electrolyte determines whether the body is acidotic or alklanic?
Bicarbonate
What are the contraindications and/or complications of the use of a multilumen airway?
Can only be used for patients between 5 and 7 ft tall
Which of the following is a major anion in the body?
Chloride
What is the difference between a crystalloid and a colloid solution?
Crystalloids do not contain large protein molecules
What is the physiologic response during irreversible shock?
Decreased resp rate, decrease in pulse, profound hypotension, appears dead.
Which of the following formulas is correct for converting a patient's weight in pounds to his or her weight in kilograms?
Divide the patient's weight in pounds by 2 and subtract 10%.
True or False: Does use of a non-rebreather mask increase tidal volume?
False
A patient with congestive heart failure requires medication administration. Which of the following IV solutions would be MOST appropriate to use?
Five percent dextrose in water
Signs and Symptoms of MODS
Head and neck infections - Earache, sore throat, sinus pain, or swollen lymph glands Chest and pulmonary infections - Cough (especially if productive), pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea Abdominal and gastrointestinal (GI) infections - Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Pelvic and genitourinary (GU) infections - Pelvic or flank pain, vaginal or urethral discharge, urea, frequency, urgency Bone and soft tissue infections - Focal pain or tenderness, focal erythema, edema
In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, what is the MOST appropriate management for a patient with circulatory overload caused by excessive IV fluid administration?
Head elevated, medical control notified
A 70-year-old female presents with generalized muscle weakness; lethargy; and hot, flushed skin. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances should you suspect?
Hypercalcemia
A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have?
Hypocalcemia
53. What are the steps for insertion of an LMA?
Inflate with 50% more air than required, lub, Preoxygenate pt, Insert, inflate cuff
51. Pt presents with flank bruising, what is this indicative of?
Injury to liver, spleen, or kidney
What role does phosphorus play in the body?
It is an important component in the formation of adenosine triphosphate.
What drop set should you use for rapid fluid replacement?
Macro
What is difference between macro and micro drip sets?
Macro has large orifice and allows for rapid fluid flow. Micro is small for controlled fluid flow.
What is the treatment as an AEMT for decompensated shock?
Maintain airway rapid transport
On what scale is the acidity of blood measured?
PH
What is the definition of referred pain?
Pain that exists in more than 1 place without a trail of pain in between.
What is definition of metabolic acidosis?
Ph of less than 7.35 caused by accumulation of acids in the body from a metabolic cause.
81. What position do we place a pt who has been given an air embolus by IV?
Place patient on left side with head down.
What results from hyperkalemia?
Potassium shifts out into the extracellular fluid until no more potassium can safely be shifted out.
What are the steps for insertion of a combitube?
Preoxygenate for 30 seconds before insertion.
What are the indications for the use of CPAP?
Pt alert and able to follow commands, Signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress, rapid breathing, and pulse ox below 90%
What are the complications of using an LMA?
Regurgitation and aspiration
What type of acidosis results from shallow, slow breathing?
Respiratory Acidosis
What are the elements of the FICK principle
States that the movement and use of oxygen in the body is dependent on adequate concentration of inspired oxygen (Fio2 [fraction of inspired oxygen]), appropriate movement of oxygen across the alveolar-capillary membrane into the arterial bloodstream, adequate number of red blood cells to carry the oxygen, proper tissue perfusion, and efficient off-loading of oxygen at the tissue level.
You are treating a pt on the scene of an MVA with airbag deployment when the pt complains of chest pain. What should you first inspect?
Steering wheel
63. When does gastric distention most likely occur?
When artificial ventilation causes air to become trapped in the stomach.
Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid?
Whole Blood
An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a/an:
cation.
A hypertonic solution is one that:
draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.
Signs and symptoms of an air embolus include all of the following, EXCEPT:
facial flushing.
Severe hyperkalemia can result in:
hyperstimulation of neural transmission.
A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being:
hypotonic
The majority of the body's potassium is found within the
intracellular fluid
When choosing an IV site on an elderly patient, you should:
know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation.
The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:
medical asepsis
Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, EXCEPT:
patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus.
Other than oxygen, prior to administering any medication to a patient, you must take standard precautions and then:
perform a careful assessment of the patient.
The MOST common site for intraosseous cannulation is the:
proximal tibia.
You are attempting to start an IV in a vein on the back of your patient's hand. As you insert the catheter, the patient complains of sudden, severe shooting pain followed by numbness in the extremity. You should:
remove the catheter and choose another site.
What is the location of choice for IV insertion in a pediatric pt?
scalp vein
When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, you should:
stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90° angle.
Intraosseous lines require full and careful immobilization because:
they rest at a 90° angle to the bone and are easily dislodged.
What is the formula for calculating IV drip rates?
volume x calibration minutes = gtt/min
