Test 6
Field capacity is ____.
the amount of water held in suspension by capillary action after draining
Chemical weathering occurs because ____.
plants produce organic acids oxygen interacts with rock, breaking it down salts weaken some rock bonds rain water is a dilute acid
Stratovolcanos produce ____ stream patterns.
radial
Surfaces steepened beyond their angle of repose ____.
cause gravity to overcome friction, causing slope failure
Wave height is affected by ____.
all four factors
Stream terraces are caused by ____.
all
Water triggers landslides because ____.
all
Glacial lakes occur because of ____.
all are true outwash deposition none is true glacial scour melt of isolated glacial fragments
Water flows more quickly in a(n) ____.
aquifer
Material is removed from a Roche Moutonnee by ____.
both downhill plucking uphill scouring
Infiltration slows down in a rainstorm because ____.
both dry soil has more empty pore space water flow over a longer distance produces more friction
Collapse sinkholes involve ____.
catastrophic failure of cave roofs
Atolls are maintained by ____.
coral growth
Freezing water and salt crystal formation produce physical weathering because they ____.
expand when they do so, cracking rock
Dust clouds tend to carry ____.
fine particles in suspension
Ultimate base levels include ____.
the ocean and inland seas
Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in ____.
hot, wet climates
High and low tides are caused by ___.
relative movement of the earth sun and moon
Sediment yield is a function of (among other things)
stream velocity relief vegetation stream flow rate
The slowest mass movement is ____.
creep
Uplift is important to erosion primarily because it (pick one) ____.
increases elevation, and therefore slope
The rocks and and deposited air particulates increase net ice removal in the ____.
zone of ablation
Submergent coastlines are predominantly caused by ____.
glacial melt
Wet soils are common in periglacial regions because____.
ice is below most soils
Water is a particularly good chemical weathering method because it ____.
is a carbonated oxidizing and reducing agent
Spheroidal weathering occurs in desert rocks because ____.
of all three factors: fracturing, and forceful, deeper weathering upon and within more exposed corners
The lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is considered a(n) ____ river.
old
Bed load includes ____.
saltation and traction
Alluvial fans and delta fans occur when ____.
sediment load is lost when streams and rivers slow down
Solifluction is ____.
slow motion of soil over smooth layers such as ice or mud
Infiltration increases as ____.
soil particle size increases
Transverse dunes form due to ____.
strong winds from one direction and a large sand supply
Waves become larger and bend towards land (refract) when ____
the wave length is less than twice the sea bed depth
The most effective and significant erosion and transportation agent is ____.
water because it is so dense and fast flowing
Ice wedge polygons form ____.
when ground cracks and fills with water which freezes
Karst topography is common to areas of ____.
linestone
Weathering is the ____.
breakdown of rocks into smaller units, including soil
A raised stream-bed caused by deposition in streams within glaciers is called a(n) ____.
esker
As opposed to aggradation, incision is caused by ____.
increased storm intensity denudation increased local elevation decreased upstream sediment load
In many places across the globe, summer beaches have more sand and shallower slopes than winter beaches (which may also have more coarser pebbles and rocks) because ____.
winters have larger waves