Test 6

Field capacity is ____.

the amount of water held in suspension by capillary action after draining

Chemical weathering occurs because ____.

plants produce organic acids oxygen interacts with rock, breaking it down salts weaken some rock bonds rain water is a dilute acid

Stratovolcanos produce ____ stream patterns.

radial

Surfaces steepened beyond their angle of repose ____.

cause gravity to overcome friction, causing slope failure

Wave height is affected by ____.

all four factors

Stream terraces are caused by ____.

all

Water triggers landslides because ____.

all

Glacial lakes occur because of ____.

all are true outwash deposition none is true glacial scour melt of isolated glacial fragments

Water flows more quickly in a(n) ____.

aquifer

Material is removed from a Roche Moutonnee by ____.

both downhill plucking uphill scouring

Infiltration slows down in a rainstorm because ____.

both dry soil has more empty pore space water flow over a longer distance produces more friction

Collapse sinkholes involve ____.

catastrophic failure of cave roofs

Atolls are maintained by ____.

coral growth

Freezing water and salt crystal formation produce physical weathering because they ____.

expand when they do so, cracking rock

Dust clouds tend to carry ____.

fine particles in suspension

Ultimate base levels include ____.

the ocean and inland seas

Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in ____.

hot, wet climates

High and low tides are caused by ___.

relative movement of the earth sun and moon

Sediment yield is a function of (among other things)

stream velocity relief vegetation stream flow rate

The slowest mass movement is ____.

creep

Uplift is important to erosion primarily because it (pick one) ____.

increases elevation, and therefore slope

The rocks and and deposited air particulates increase net ice removal in the ____.

zone of ablation

Submergent coastlines are predominantly caused by ____.

glacial melt

Wet soils are common in periglacial regions because____.

ice is below most soils

Water is a particularly good chemical weathering method because it ____.

is a carbonated oxidizing and reducing agent

Spheroidal weathering occurs in desert rocks because ____.

of all three factors: fracturing, and forceful, deeper weathering upon and within more exposed corners

The lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is considered a(n) ____ river.

old

Bed load includes ____.

saltation and traction

Alluvial fans and delta fans occur when ____.

sediment load is lost when streams and rivers slow down

Solifluction is ____.

slow motion of soil over smooth layers such as ice or mud

Infiltration increases as ____.

soil particle size increases

Transverse dunes form due to ____.

strong winds from one direction and a large sand supply

Waves become larger and bend towards land (refract) when ____

the wave length is less than twice the sea bed depth

The most effective and significant erosion and transportation agent is ____.

water because it is so dense and fast flowing

Ice wedge polygons form ____.

when ground cracks and fills with water which freezes

Karst topography is common to areas of ____.

linestone

Weathering is the ____.

breakdown of rocks into smaller units, including soil

A raised stream-bed caused by deposition in streams within glaciers is called a(n) ____.

esker

As opposed to aggradation, incision is caused by ____.

increased storm intensity denudation increased local elevation decreased upstream sediment load

In many places across the globe, summer beaches have more sand and shallower slopes than winter beaches (which may also have more coarser pebbles and rocks) because ____.

winters have larger waves