Test questions for AP bio

What is responsible for the cohesive property of water

Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecules and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule

Butterflies of the genus Colias live in the Rocky Mountains where they experience a wide range of temperatures. Different variants of a particular glycolytic enzyme in the flight muscles are optimally active at different temperatures. Within the same population, some individual butterflies fly most effectively at 29C, while others fly most effectively at 40C. Still others can be equally active at both temperatures. Which of the following claims is most consistent with the observed butterfly behavior

Butterflies that express two variants of the enzyme are active over a greater range of temperature

Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Chemiosmosis

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle

How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates

Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid

Glycolysis

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continue to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structure?

Golgi complex

What statement is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membrane

Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic

What is directly responsible for water's unique properties

It forms hydrogen bond

Process in which O2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Which type of macromolecule is used to carry the genetic code

Nucleic Acid

Membrane-bound organelles have an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membrane

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membrane is also inhibited.

Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes

The Golgi apparatus

Individuals with an inherited autosomal recessive disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia often have severe respiratory problems due to defective cilia. Males with PCD are often sterile because they produce sperm with defective flagella. Which of the following most likely explains the effect of the recessive allele

The cells do not produce functional motor proteins in flagella and cilia

Intravenous solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient

The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the bloood

Which of the following is an important differences between light-dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis

The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use energy stored in ATP and NADPH

A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membrane and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the followng would initially result.

The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine

Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent) cycle

They both are carried out by enzyme located within an organelle matrix

What describes the structure of carbohydrates

They occur as monomers, chain of monomers, and branched structure

A synthesis of protein or carbohydrates polymers always produce which of the following as a byproduct

Water

A feature of organic compounds that is not found in inorganic compounds is the presence of

carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

depend on a concentration gradient

When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as

facilitated diffusion

During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement

protons down a concentration gradient