TEST REVIEW - 7th Grade SS - Chapter 5 - The Decline of Feudalism
what is the # of estimated deaths due to the bubonic plague?
1/3 of the population
Model Parliament
A government body made up of commoners, low ranking clergy, and noble officials
habeas corpus
A person can't be held in prison without first being charged with a crime.
bubonic plague
Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people
A historian found a document that included the passage below, knowing only that it was from the 1200s. In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs forever, that the English church shall be free.... No sheriff or bailiff of ours, or other person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport duty, against the will of the said freeman. What conclusion could the historian draw based on this passage?
At the time the document was written, freemen had very few rights.
Magna Carta
Document in 1215 that limited the English king's power.
the Magna Carta is also known as the
Great Charter
trial by jury
How did Henry II improve English law?
Magna Carta - weakened the power of the kings; Henry's II legal reforms - established trial by jury, gave more power to judges, Edward I's Modal Parliament - gave a voice to common people.
How did these political developments in England contribute to the decline of feudalism in Europe?
During the Black Death, many German cities ordered
Jews to leave
Who inspired the French during their fight with the English?
Joan of Arc
What political event in England gave commoners a voice in their government?
King Edward I's Model Parliament
Which king made the first judicial (court) system
King Henry II
Joan of Arc was also known as the
Maid of Orleans
As merchants made money, many joined town councils. Which of the following statements best describes the situation that resulted?
Many merchants gained political power.
What was one key result of the signing of the Magna Carta?
Monarchs could not take away anyone's rights and liberties.
Many important events, such as the bubonic plague, took place in England in the 12th through the 15th centuries. Choose three key historical events from this period to put on the spectrum below. Order the three events from the one you believe is least significant to the one you believe is most significant. Label each event, and create a simple drawing to represent it.
Possible answers: After the plague and the Hundred Years' War, fewer workers were available, so those who remained had more power. Peasants rebelled against nobles. Nobles lost power as kings no longer needed them to supply soldiers, and common people gained power as nobles' power declined. New military technology made nobles' castles less useful. Barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, which identified liberties.
In this chapter, you have read about various aspects of daily life in medieval towns. These aspects can be divided into three categories: economic, political, and social. Fill in the blank spaces in the web below to show more details about these three categories of daily life.
Possible answers: Economic, produced: food, clothing, household items, specialized goods such as woolens, glass, and silk; Economic, distribution: trade routes, markets, merchant fairs; Political, independence: purchased charter or had violent revolt; Political, power: increasingly held by merchants and craftspeople; Social, homes: cold, dirty, crowded; Social, health: much disease and death, most people treated at home, prayer and bloodletting; Social, fun: games, dolls, toys, fairs, plays
Historians believe the Bubonic Plaque traveled along the
Silk Road
Many important events, such as the bubonic plague, took place in England in the 12th through the 15th centuries. Choose three key historical events from this period to put on the spectrum below. Order the three events from the one you believe is least significant to the one you believe is most significant. Label each event, and create a simple drawing to represent it.
Spectrums might address such historical events as the plague, trial by jury, the signing of the Magna Carta, the Model Parliament, the Hundred Years' War, or the increasing power of the common people. Student should be able to explain why the events are ordered as they are.
What had to happen in order for towns to develop during the Middle Ages?
There had to be enough food.
Both the plague and the Hundred Years' War had what effect?
They led to a shift in power from feudal lords to common people and monarchs.
What was a major effect of political changes in England in the 1200s?
They weakened feudalism.
Many workers died during the plague. How did their deaths affect those who remained?
They were able to demand better pay and more rights.
King Henry's Constitutions of Clarendon led to the death of
Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury
100 Years War
War that lasted from 1337-1453 between France and England ended when the French drove the English out
a king needed consent to collect taxes, trial by jury - habeas corpus, introduced that the king is no longer above the law
What changes did the Magna Carta bring about in English government?
English governing body made up of commoners as well as nobles and church officials, intended to include more people in government
What was the model Parliment, and why was it created?
How did Europe's economy change after the bubonic plague wiped out so many people?
Workers gained money and power.
How did Henry II improve English law? a)by strengthening common law and the role of judges and juries b)introduced Model Parliament which gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles c)he introduced the Magna Carta, agreeing to observe common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church. d)all of the above
a
How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the decline of feudalism? A. Hiring soldiers made monarchs less dependent on vassals. B. Serfs ran away from the manors to fight in the battles. C. Nobles insisted that monarchs consult them about new taxes. D. England refused to let go of its claims to land in France.
a
What action by an English king gave ordinary people a voice in government? A. calling the Model Parliament B. putting a seal on Magna Carta C. issuing the Constitutions of Clarendon D. closing Canterbury Cathedral
a
What is one reason why the battle in 1429 had a different outcome from the battle in 1364? A. Joan of Arc led the French. B. The English had heavy armor. C. The French used the crossbow. D. Peasants fought for the English.
a
Which of these was a reform made by King Henry II of England? A. Trials were held before a royal judge. B. Ordinary people elected their rulers. C. Nobles had to let their serfs go free. D. England paid soldiers to be in the army.
a
heretic
a person who opposes accepted and established beliefs
The Hundred Years' War brought
a rise in national feeling in both England & France & reduced the importance of nobles & knights on the battlefield
What did the Roman Catholic Church make Joan of Arc?
a saint
Hundred Years' War
a series of wars fought by France & England between 1337 and 1453.
After the bubonic plague, the need for workers to rebuild Europe led to
a shift in p ower from lords to the common people
What did the English accuse Joan of Arc of being?
a witch and a heretic
Magna Carta
a written agreement that limited the king's power & strengthened the rights of nobles.
What happened in the meadow called Runnymede?
angry barons forced King John to put his seal to the Magna Carta
Habeas corpus means that people cannot be held indefinitely in jail unless A. they want to. B. a court consents. C. the king orders it. D. the Church requests it.
b
How did King Edward I improve English law? a)by strengthening common law and the role of judges and juries b)introduced Model Parliament which gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles c)he introduced the Magna Carta, agreeing to observe common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church d)all of the above
b
How did political changes in England weaken feudalism? A. Serfs had to live on the land that they farmed. B. Nobles lost power to the king or common people. C. Constant conflict led to a loss of social order. D. Authority in government was given to the Church.
b
What was one human activity that contributed to the spread of the bubonic plague? A. bathing too often B. trading with Asia C. eating rotten food D. keeping mice as pets
b
What was the Model Parliament, and why was it created? a)it strengthened common law and the role of judges and juries b)it gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles c)by observing common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church d)all of the above
b
After the bubonic plague, why was there a shift of power from the nobles to the common people?
because of all the deaths, there were fewer workers left, which meant they could demand more money & rights
what did the English do to Joan of Arc after they captured her?
burned her at the stake
How did the 100 Years' War contribute to the decline of feudalism?
by helping to shift power from lords to monarchs and common people
According to the Magna Carta, someone could not be tried for a crime unless there were people who would testify that they saw it. Which quote says this? A. B."To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice." C."No bailiff [official] for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his ''law,'' without credible [believable] witnesses brought for this purpose." D."No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned...or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers [social equals] or by the law of the land."
c
How did King John improve English law? a)by strengthening common law and the role of judges and juries b)introduced Model Parliament which gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles c)he introduced the Magna Carta, agreeing to observe common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church. d)all of the above
c
The event of 1164 led to conflict between King Henry II and A. royal judges and juries. B. common people of England. C. the Roman Catholic Church. D. monarch and nobles of France.
c
What changes did the Magna Carta bring about in English government? a)it strengthened common law and the role of judges and juries b)it gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles c)by observing common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church d)all of the above
c
What was the purpose of Magna Carta? A. to make the Church weaker B. to give the king more power C. to strengthen common law D. to protect the rights of nobles
c
During the Battle of Crecy, the English recruited some soldiers from the
common people & paid them to fight
the model parliament included
commoners & lower ranking clergy, as well as church officials and nobles
People in England came to believe that Magna Carta promised a trial by jury for anyone charged with a crime. The idea of trial by jury is suggested in Magna Carta in the phrase... A. B."To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice." C."No bailiff [official] for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his ''law,'' without credible [believable] witnesses brought for this purpose." D."No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned...or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers [social equals] or by the law of the land."
d
Which date goes with an event on the timeline that took place in France? A. 1215 B. 1295 C. 1381 D. 1429
d
Which development in the Hundred Years' War was partly a response to Joan of Arc? A. loss of royal authority B. increase in foot soldiers C. more powerful weapons D. stronger national identity
d
Which of these events took place during the Hundred Years' War? A. Thomas Becket was killed. B. The Model Parliament met. C. Magna Carta was established. D. Bubonic plague reached Europe.
d
the death of so many people from the bubonic plague, speeded changes in Europe's
economic and social structure that contributed to the decline of feudalism
What areas of the world were affected by the spread of the plague in the 14th century? a)Europe b)Asia c)India d)Middle East e)England f)all of the above
f
Which group lost the most power as a result of the Hundred Years' War?
feudal lords
King Henry II's reforms weakened the power of...?
feudal lords and clergymen.
Edward I's Model Parliament did what?
gave common people a voice in government
The common people emerged from fight the war with
greater influence and power
What was the name given to groups that protected and set standards for craftspeople?
guilds
Castles became less important as armies learned to use
gunpowder to shoot iron balls from cannons and blast holes in castle walls
During the Battle of Crecy, the French army relied on
horse mounted nobles or knights
The Magna Carta established what?
idea of rights and liberties that even the king cannot violate; affirmed that monarchs should rule with the advice of the governed
As feudalism declined, the Magna Carta contributed to ideas about
individual rights and liberities in England
Constitutions of Clarendon
issued by King Henry II that spelled out the king's traditional rights, such as, the right to try clergy accused of serious crimes in royal courts instead of church courts
During the 100 Year's War, monarchs on both sides collected taxes & raised large armies, which resulted in
kings no longer relying on nobles to supply knights for the army
During the Battle of Crecy, the English army relied on
lightly armored knights, foot soldiers & archers armed with longbows
When John became king, how did he make powerful enemies?
lost most of the lands the English controlled to France; he taxed his barons heavily & ignored traditional rights; he fought with the Church & collected large amounts of monies from the Church's properties
King Henry II
made legal reform a central concern of his, which strengthened the power of royal courts
why was there a weakening of the manor system & a loss of power for feudal lords?
many serfs moved to towns & cities seaking better opportunities
As medieval towns grew, what group gained more and more power?
merchants
Power was shifted from feudal lords to...
merchants
King Edward I called together a governing body called the
model parliament
The ideas of the Magna Carta & Model Parliament became part of the tradition that later gave rise to the
modern democratic institutions
By putting his seal on the Magna Carta, King John agreed to
observe common law & the traditional rights of the barons & the church
People in England came to regard the Magna Carta as
one of the foundations of their rights and liberties
Why did England & France fight a series of wars?
over the control of lands in France
when nobles tried to return to the way things had been before the bubonic plague,
peasants rebelled & revolted in France, Flanders, England, Germany, Spain & Italy
What did Joan of Arc do because of the voices of the saints?
put on a suit of armor & fought where she led a French army to victory in the Battle of Orleans
Henry II's legal reforms did what?
strengthened English common law & the role of judges and juries
How did political developments such as the magna carta & habeas corpus contribute to the decline (weaken) of feudalism
strengthened royal authority & shifted power to common people
The war created a new sense of
stronger national identity
What did Joan of Arc claim?
that she heard the voices of saints urging her to save France
What happened at the Battle of Crecy?
the English army's light armor and longbows won over the French knights' heavy armor & crossbows
Changes in military technology made
the nobles' knights and castles less useful
habeas corpus
the right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime; the principle that accused persons cannot be held in jail without the consent of a court
What political developments during the 12th & 13th centuries helped weaken feudalism?
the shifting of power to the king and the common people
What happened during the English Peasants' War of 1381?
they succeeded in entering London & presenting their demands to King Richard II
Why did the peasants bore the heaviest burned of the war?
they were forced to fight in the army & pay higher taxes
during the bubonic plague, why did those who remained healthy dance
to express their joy of life during those black times
What slowed to almost a halt during the bubonic plague?
trade and commerce
What was one human activity that contributed to the spread of the bubonic plague?
trading with Asia
