Testing Test 2 Questions

histogram table

numbers on x axis and frequency on y axis with touching columns

In a distribution with positive skew, scores with the highest frequencies are ____.

on the left side of the distribution

Using letter grades (A, B, C, D, and E) to classify student performance on an exam is an example of measurement on a(n) ____ scale of measurement

ordinal

The term norms refers to the

scores with which the results of subsequent measurement can be compared

standard deviation formula

square root of variance

A sampling of all different subgroups within a population is an example of

stratified sampling

When measuring a particular psychological trait, the term error variance refers to

the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait measured.

When "putting a test to the test" and researching the suitability of a particular test for a particular objective, test users will typically research

the reliability of the test, the validity of the test, the utility of the test

A score at the 20th percentile on a high school history test is

the score at or below which 20 percent of the scores in the distribution fall

The manifestation of a trait is not dependent on

the situation

"What's a good test?" In part, a good test is one that

trained examiners can administer with a minimum of difficulty, is useful in the sense that it yields actionable results, will ultimately benefit individual test takers or society as a whole

Norms come in many different forms. Which of the following is not correctly referred to by the term "norms"?

trait norms

A basic assumption about psychological testing and assessment is that

traits and states can be quantified and measured

A normative sample is the reference group to which the performance of test takers are compared.

true

A researcher surveys a sample of n = 200 college students and asks each person to identify his or her favorite movie from the past year. If the results are presented in a frequency distribution graph, the researcher should use a bar graph.​

true

An example of a numeric nominal variable in assessment can be found in the DSM. For example, the number 303.00 identified alcohol intoxication and the number 307.00 identified stuttering.

true

One type of reliability is construct reliability which involves the consistency of the measuring tool.

true

The percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score is referred to as a percentile

true

frequency distribution table

two columns (numbers and frequency of occurrences)

The term psychometric soundness is typically a reference to a test's reliability and

validity

Test validity refers to how

well a test measures what it purports to measure.

It's a group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of future test takers. This group is called

a normative sample

"Number of items answered correctly on an achievement test" defines what type of score on that test?

a raw score

Which of the following is the best example of a psychological trait?

aggressiveness

An investigator researching behavior of corporate presidents employs college students enrolled in Introductory Psychology as research subjects. These students are best referred to as

an incidental sample

The type of sample that is convenient or available for use is referred to as

an incidental sample

A population of scores has a mean of µ = 26, a median of 23, and a mode of 22. What is the most likely shape for the population distribution?​

​positively skewed

Which of the following symbols identifies the sample variance?​

​s2

You have a score of X = 65 on a math exam. The mean score for the class on the exam is μ = 70. Which of the following values for the standard deviation would give you the most favorable position within the class?​

​σ = 10

Which set of scores has the smallest standard deviation?​

145, 143, 145, 147

For a sample of n = 16 scores, how many scores are used to calculate the sample variance?​

16

A sample consists of n = 16 scores. How many of the scores are used to calculate the range?​

2

For a bell-shaped distribution with µ = 30, what is the most probable value for the mode?​

30

For a perfectly symmetrical distribution with a median of 30, what is the value of the mean?​

30

How do states differ from traits?

A trait is relatively enduring, whereas a state is relatively short-lived

Which of the following is true for most distributions?​

Around 30% of the scores will be located within one standard deviation of the mean

Raw scores may be converted to norms so that the scores are

Both more easily interpreted and easily communicated to others are correct

Which of the following is true about error in psychological measurement?

Error is an expected component of measurement.

range formula

R=xmax-xmin

variance formula

SS/n-1 or sd^2

Which description provides an example of a discrete variable?​

The gender of each student in a psychology class

A distribution with two modes is said to be:​

bimodal

A test is considered standardized if the manual for the test includes

clearly specified procedures for administration, clearly specified procedures for scoring, normative data

A test designed to provide information about whether or not an aviator has mastered the ability to fly solo is an example of a test that is

criterion-referenced

In order to conduct research using human subjects, a university requires researchers to complete an online ethics course, and then correctly respond to all the test items on that material. This test process could be best characterized as

criterion-referenced testing

Any influence on psychological test scores from factors other than what a test is intended to measure is referred to by measurement specialists as

error

A professor records the number of students who are absent each day for the semester. Because this is a numeric, discrete variable, a bar graph should be used to show the frequency distribution

false

A score equal to the 5th percentile is one of the highest scores in the distribution.​

false

Classifying people into two groups on the basis of gender is an example of measurement on an ordinal scale

false

If it is appropriate to present a distribution of scores in a polygon, then it would also be appropriate to present the scores in a bar graph.​

false

The range and the standard deviation are both measures of spread.​

false

For a negatively skewed distribution with a mean of M = 20, what is the most probable value for the median?​

greater than 20

Test reliability refers to

how consistently a test measures what it purports to measure.

psychological trait

is a construct

Referring to a psychological trait as a construct means that it

is a scientific concept developed to describe or explain behavior

In general, criterion-referenced testing

is useful for communicating information regarding the mastery of basic skills such as reading and writing

For a negatively skewed distribution with a mode of X = 25 and a median of 20, what is the most likely value for the mean?​

less than 20

real limits

list of ranges the numbers fall between and how many times those numbers occur in each range

The raw scores from a test are normally distributed. The test user wishes to summarize the data using percentiles. A potential problem here is that score differences in the middle area of the distribution

may be exaggerated

median formula

middle number in distribution (if 2, add them and divide by 2)

A researcher measures eye color for a sample of n = 50 people. Which measure of central tendency would be appropriate to summarize the measurements?​

mode

A distribution is positively skewed. Which is the most probable order, from smallest to largest, for the three measures of central tendency?​

mode, median, mean

mode formula

most frequent number

The students in a psychology class seemed to think that the midterm exam was very easy. If they are correct, what is the most likely shape for the distribution of exam scores?​

negatively skewed

Students may fantasize about a world without tests. But in reality, a world without tests would be more of a nightmare than a dream. This is so because

nepotism in hiring and promotions would be rampant, professionals would not be properly credentialed, educational difficulties would be more difficult to diagnose

mean formula

Σx/n

What position in the distribution corresponds to a z-score of z = +2.00?​

​Above the mean by a distance equal to 2 standard deviations

Which description provides an example of a continuous variable?​

​The amount of time to solve a problem