Texas History Final Review 1
Which one of the following statements accurately describes Texas for most of the eighteenth century?
Although Spain laid claim to most of the territory on paper, Indians actually controlled most of the region.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes how various groups viewed Texas in 1821?
American frontiersmen viewed Texas as future American territory, since it was a logical extension westward of the southern Cotton Kingdom and the Louisiana territory.
According to population records for 1830:
Anglo Texans outnumbered Tejanos (Mexican Texans) by about two to one
What was the main point of Manuel de Mier y Terán's report?
Anglos are taking over Texas and pose a threat to Mexico's control over the territory.
Which of the following was an arrangement between the United States and Spain regarding the eastern boundary of Texas?
-Adams-Onís Treaty -Neutral Ground Agreement
Which of the following was a cause of concern for the Mexican Government regarding Anglo immigration in Texas?
-Anglos did not speak Spanish and were not converting to Catholicism. -Anglos from the United States now represented a large portion of the population. -The United States offered to buy Texas twice.
What were the goals of the Franciscan missionaries?
-Convert Indians to Catholicism -Acculturate Indians and turn them into Spanish subjects -Sustain Spanish territorial claims to the land
Which of the following is one of the arguments proposed by James Crisp in Sleuthing the Alamo to explain why the Davy Crockett myth is so important to American popular culture?
-It's a proud historical moment like Custer's "Last Stand" and the Spartans at Thermopylae. -Happening as part of the Battle of the Alamo, it is a pivotal moment in the Texas creation myth as a whole. -People have associated certain values with Crockett's death, like patriotism and heroism, which make it difficult to question the manner of how he died. (All of the above)
Which of the following were important aspects of Caddo civilization?
-Making exquisite pottery -Desire to trade
Who did the Franciscan missionaries work for?
-The King of Spain -The Catholic Church
The April 6, 1830 Law:
-banned Anglo immigration to Texas from the United States. -outlawed the importation of any more slaves into Texas.
The Imperial Colonization Law of 1823 offered:
-new settlers lots of land at very low prices with payments due in small installments -a seven-year moratorium on import duties for the new settlers -4,428 acres of land to families involved in stock raising and 177 acres for those in farming operations (all of the above)
The last Ice Age affected what is now the Texas area by bringing about such physical and biological changes as:
-the extinction of mastodons and mammoths in the area -incredible erosion in places such as Palo Duro Canyon -the creation of barrier islands such as Padre Island
Recent discoveries by Texas A&M University researchers indicate that the first people most likely populated Texas how many years ago?
15,500
What were presidios?
A garrison of soldiers responsible for the security of a particular area.
Which of the following provisions are part of Mexico's Colonization Law of 1823?
A, B, and C are actually the provisions for the April 6, 1830 Law.
By the 1730s, the most successful settlement in the main part of Texas was at:
Béxar (San Antonio)
Which Native American group created a large, complex, agricultural civilization in East Texas?
Caddo
Discoveries of the __________ projectile point are used to estimate when the first peoples arrived to Texas.
Clovis
The only group that thrived in the endemically violent circumstances of early nineteenth-century Spanish Texas was the:
Comanches
In Sleuthing the Alamo, what did James Crisp discover about Sam Houston's speech after his meticulous research quest?
Crisp found that Sam Houston's original speech had been altered and, in fact, this along with other evidence points to him being against racism.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes economic development in Texas in the 1820s?
Economic and population growth was slow in the San Antonio area, but in East Texas the expanding cotton culture was producing significant economic development.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes Texas at the conclusion of the Mexican War for Independence?
Extensive wartime damage had turned the area into a "wild, howling wilderness."
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons given in the Declaration of Independence for separating from Mexico?
Failure to defend the Texas borders from raids conducted by the U.S. Army
Mexican politics in the 1820s and 1830s were divided into two ideological factions, which came to known as the:
Federalists and Centralists
What was the goal of the Consultation at San Felipe in 1835?
Form a state government in support of the Constitution of 1824.
The Spanish explorer who led a large expedition through the Southwest including the Texas Panhandle all the way into modern-day Kansas, in search of the legendary "Seven Cities of Gold," was:
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
When finally appointed commander-in-chief during the Texas Revolution, what was Houston's strategy?
Give up the Alamo and lead a strategic retreat into East Texas.
At which battle did Texas rebels refuse to surrender a cannon and flew a banner stating, "Come and take it"?
Gonzales
How did Stephen F. Austin help gain protection for slavery in Texas after the 1827 Coahuila y Tejas State Constitution tried to abolish it?
He created a legal exception for indentured servants, which slaves would now be classified as.
According to the reading, what did Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca do that made him famous among the native peoples?
He successfully performed surgery on a native, saving his life.
What does Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca discuss in the reading?
He talks about his time as an explorer and what he saw living among the Native Americans in Texas.
Who was Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, otherwise just known as "La Salle"?
He was a French trader who enflamed the rivalry between France and Spain from his efforts to expand French colonial interests around the mouth of the Mississippi River on the Gulf of Mexico.
What originally led Sam Houston to first go to Texas?
He went there on a mission to the Indians as an emissary of the United States.
In the "Travis Letter," what does William Travis say will happen if reinforcements don't arrive?
He will stay and defend the Alamo no matter what.
A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition across the Gulf Coast from Florida to the Mississippi River, where he died a failure, was:
Hernando de Soto
What was so important about Mexico's Constitution of 1824?
It created a federal system that eventually allowed for the state government to pass a more generous immigration law.
How does the Coahuila y Tejas Colonization Law reflect the sentiments of that state towards Anglo immigration?
It is pro-immigration believing that Anglo immigration results in progress.
What was significant about the Battle of San Jacinto?
It was the battle that ended the Texas Revolution.
Although the Spanish experienced problems with various Indian groups, the most hostile and dangerous group in the 1720s and 1730s was the:
Lipan Apaches
The Mexican military officer sent to Texas to investigate conditions there in 1827-1828, especially the loyalty of American immigrants in East Texas, was:
Manuel Mier y Terán
According to James Crisp's Sleuthing the Alamo, which of the following is NOT one of the pivotal points, or "moments," in the process of history?
Marketization, or the marketing of narratives
In the 1780s Spanish officials tried to settle Louisiana as a way to prevent U.S. expansion from getting closer to Texas by recruiting:
Protestant families
The first Europeans to arrive in Texas and make contact with Indians were members of an expedition led by:
Pánfilo de Narváez
The heartland of the Caddo culture region was based along the:
Sabine River
What was the Spanish approach to colonization for the majority of its efforts in Texas?
Subdue Indians on the frontier through a combination of presidios and missions.
One important issue on which Tejanos and Anglo Texans strongly agreed was that:
Texas needed to be detached from Coahuila and become a separate state
What was the significance of Texas while under Spanish rule?
Texas was the frontier of the Spanish Empire in North America and often served as a buffer between New Spain and Indians or the French.
What battle during the Texas Revolution took place at an old Spanish mission in San Antonio?
The Alamo
Where did the original word for "Texas" come from?
The Caddo word for friend
What does the Texas Declaration of Independence cite as the cause of the independence movement?
The Mexican Government because they invited Anglo settlers in the first place.
What treaty signified the end of the Texas War for Independence?
The Treaty of Velasco
What were the names of the cannons used at the Battle of San Jacinto?
The Twin Sisters
What major factor resulted in the southern migration of the Shoshone, a portion of which came to be known as the Comanches?
The flourishing of buffalo herds in the Great Plains
Which of the following contributed to the beginning of the Texas Revolution?
The loss of federalism to centralization in the Mexican national government pushed Texans too far.
What about Davy Crockett does James Crisp investigate in Sleuthing the Alamo?
The mystery over how Crockett died at the Alamo.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes actions by the Mexican insurgents (rebels) in the early years of their revolt?
They declared independence from Spain, drafted a constitution, and declared slavery to be abolished.
Why did Anglos support Santa Anna's rebellion to take over the Mexican Government?
They wanted to help Santa Anna because of his promise to protect federalism.
What is the most likely reason cited in class for why humans originally migrated to Texas?
They were hunters following the migration of big game that led them to Texas.
What was the "French Policy"?
This was a policy that the Spanish adopted of making trade, instead of Christianity, the central component of their relationships with Native Americans, especially those in Texas.
What was the significance of the meeting at Washington-on-the-Brazos?
This was the meeting where Texans signed the Declaration on Independence.
Spain's acquisition of the Louisiana territory gave the Spanish:
a buffer zone against other European powers in the northern frontier
When Marqués de Rubí visited San Antonio de Béxar, he found:
a thriving community of 2,000 with five missions, but weak military defenses
Stephen F. Austin was:
an empresario responsible for founding several colonies of Anglo settlers in Texas.
Anglo American colonization projects in Texas were initially viewed by the new Mexican government:
as an inexpensive way to populate and improve the conditions on the northern frontier
The Comanches' political economy depended on two principal items:
buffalo and horses
The Mexican Law of April 1830:
cancelled most empresario contracts and tried to severely restrict American immigration to Texas
One common misconception about the Karankawas is that they were:
cannibals
In drafting a constitution for the newly declared republic in early March 1836, delegates to the convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos approved provisions that:
carried over the old Spanish-Mexican legal system completely intact
In the early 1820s, the Paso del Norte (El Paso area) settlements:
continued to prosper, especially because of commercial activity moving along the Santa Fe Trail and the Camino Real
In the early 1770s, the missions of San Antonio:
controlled some of the best grazing lands in the region and had built a sophisticated acequia system
After an extended discussion in the fall of 1835, the Consultation government of Texas:
declared that Texas was now a separate state and pledged loyalty to the Mexican Constitution of 1824
The Baron of Bastrop went to Texas in order to:
establish a colony between San Antonio de Béxar and the Trinity River
Spain's first attempt to establish a permanent settlement in the province of Texas was a:
failure when the priests ran out of gifts for the Tejas Indians, who then lost interest in mission activities
After receiving repeated complaints from Texans, the Coahuila y Texas legislature:
granted several concessions, including the use of English as a legal language and additional Texas representation in the legislature
New Spain's northern frontier in the 1750s and 1760s:
had been mostly neglected by Spain
By the time Stephen F. Austin returned home from his imprisonment in Mexico City, he was convinced that:
it was not really possible to work with either Centralists or Federalists and that Texas should be prepared for armed resistance
After briefly commanding Texas troops surrounding San Antonio, Stephen F. Austin:
left for the United States to try to obtain assistance for the Texas rebels
Despite some of the physical advantages that the missions had achieved, their greatest challenge was:
maintaining adequate Indian populations
Residents of Spanish-claimed lands in the Americas who were of mixed Spanish and indigenous parentage were known as:
mestizos
In the new Mexican government's reorganization of provincial and state boundaries, the main part of Texas became:
part of the state of Coahuila, whose capital was far away in Saltillo
After Santa Anna was eventually allowed to return to Mexico, the Mexican government:
refused to recognize Texas independence, and individual Mexicans remained very bitter about the loss of part of their national territory
In November and December of 1835, while the siege of San Antonio was under way, Texas residents:
remained divided on whether to support the rebellion or not
President Antonio López de Santa Anna's primary strategy on how to regain control of Texas was to:
send two large armies north and have them encircle the rebels in a giant pincer movement
The shift in President Antonio López de Santa Anna's political support to the Centralist faction and the dismantlement of the Constitution of 1824:
set off a fierce resistance by Mexican Federalists and alarmed Texans, who nonetheless remained divided about what course of action to pursue
Federalists argued that Mexico:
should decentralize political power, relying on regional governments and local rule to prevent the rise of new dictators
The various Indian groups identified by sixteenth-century Spaniards as Jumanos lived mostly in the:
southern Plains and parts of the Trans-Pecos region
In order to increase the civilian population of the San Antonio (Béxar), Spanish officials in 1731 successfully recruited new settlers from:
the Canary Islands
The results of the various expeditions exploring the Texas area from 1528 to about 1543 convinced Spanish officials that:
the area was not promising and that their efforts would be more profitable if directed to other parts of the New World
The Fredonian Rebellion demonstrated:
the danger of allowing Americans to settle in East Texas
The failure of the San Sabá experiment demonstrated:
the inadequacy of the presidio-mission complex and Spain's inability to prevent the French from selling weapons and other supplies to the Norteños
One distinctive feature of Caddo society was that:
their social organization was matrilineal, meaning that descent was traced on the mother's side
During the rebellion and revolution in Texas in 1836:
there had been numerous internal divisions and much conflict over such issues as goals, strategy, and personalities
Another distinctive characteristic of Caddo society was that:
they were prolific mound builders
Spanish officials managed to keep the Comanches from raiding settlements:
through the use of the policy known as "peace by purchase"
Overall, Texans' policies toward Indians during the 1820s tended to:
vary widely depending on the nature of the specific indigenous group and its location
As the war for independence ended, Mexico:
was economically devastated and lacked a stable political system
African American slavery in Texas:
was illegal in Mexico after 1829, but Texans evaded the law by getting special exemptions and later reclassifying their slaves as indentured servants
As of 1800, ranching:
was the most important economic activity in Texas
The famous member of the first expedition to Texas who was held captive by Indians for a while, traveled widely across the area, and survived to write a description of his travels was:
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca