The central nervous system Bio 6

Which of the following statements concerning epilepsy is INCORRECT? a) It affects < 5% of the population. b) Most cases are caused by brain injuries, such as blows to the head, stroke, or infections. c) It is associated with intellectual impairment. d) It can have a genetic factor. e) It involves abnormal discharges from a group of brain neurons.

It is associated with intellectual impairment.

The average weight of the adult brain is __________. a) 1-1.5 lbs b) 2-2.5 lbs c) 3-3.5 lbs d) over 5 lbs

3-3.5 lbs

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a) food intake regulation b) body temperature regulation c) autonomic control d) balance e) regulation of sleep-wake cycles

balance (The center for balance is in the cerebellum.)

Anencephaly

born without cerebral hemispheres

Which of the following is a function of the pons? a) acts to regulate body temperature b) contains nuclei that relay information from the cerebrum to cerebellum c) provides motor signals to the red nucleus d) controls vomiting and coughing e) is a nucleus for the abducens nerve

contains nuclei that relay information from the cerebrum to cerebellum (The pons is a "bridge" carrying info to and from the cerebellum.)

Epilespy

seizure syndrome; caused by abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain

The sensory hallucinations experienced by epileptic patients are known as __________.

the aura

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Which of the following statements about language is INCORRECT? a) All the associated areas on the right side of the cerebral cortex are involved in language. b) Broca's and Wernicke's areas work together with the basal nuclei to form a single language implementation system. c) Patients who understand language but have difficulty speaking have lesions affecting Broca's area. d) Patients who can speak but produce nonsensical statements have a lesion in Wernicke's area.

All the associated areas on the right side of the cerebral cortex are involved in language.

Which of the following is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia? a) Huntington's disease b) Alzheimer's disease c) mad cow disease d) Parkinson's disease

Alzheimer's disease

Which type of brain waves are seen when a person is concentrating on solving a problem? a) beta waves b) alpha waves c) delta waves d) gamma waves e) theta waves

Beta waves are recorded when we are awake and alert. The brain does not produce gamma waves.

Which of the following best describes the multimodal association cortex? a) It regulates our heart and other involuntary muscles in response to environmental stimuli. b) It permits the perception of sound stimuli and stores them for future reference. c) It integrates sensory input to produce understanding of an object being felt. d) It allows us to tie information that we receive to previous experience and knowledge and then helps us decide what action to take.

It allows us to tie information that we receive to previous experience and knowledge and then helps us decide what action to take.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the cerebral cortex? a) It is arranged in six layers. b) It accounts for 40% of the brain mass. c) Its convoluted surface triples its surface area. d) It is composed of white matter.

It is composed of white matter.

__________ is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities NOT shared by its partner.

Lateralization

Deep brain stimulation via implanted electrodes has been used to treat some of the symptoms of __________.

Parkinson's disease

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. a) Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. b) Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. c) Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus. d) Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

__________ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers.

The cerebral white matter

Choose the true statement regarding pyramidal cells. a) They allow us to control our skeletal muscles. b) They provide control of our involuntary muscles. c) They integrate sensory input to produce an understanding of an object being felt. d) They are found within the cerebral sulci.

They allow us to control our skeletal muscles.

sleep apnea

a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

Reduced cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease is associated with a shortage of which neurotransmitter?

acetylcholine

Working memory __________.

also known as short-term memory, is limited to seven or eight chunks of information.

If you are having a conversation with a person, excuse yourself for five minutes, and come back, and the person no longer knows you, the person would be suffering from __________.

anterograde amnesia

Of the three meningeal layers that surround the CNS, which one is located in the middle? a) pia mater b) arachnoid mater c) dura mater d) dural sinuses

arachnoid mater

Which of the following protects the brain from bloodborne metabolic wastes and most drugs? a) pia mater b) blood brain barrier c) cerebrospinal fluid d) dura mater

blood brain barrier

Which of the following are located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord gray matter? a) cell bodies of somatic motor neurons b) interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons c) cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons d) interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain stem? a) pons b) medulla oblongata c) cerebellum d) midbrain

cerebellum

What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

choroid plexus

Which of the following is NOT one of the basal nuclei? a) caudate nucleus b) corpus callosum c) putamen d) globus pallidum

corpus callosum (The corpus callosum is the largest commissure in the cerebral cortex, is composed of white matter, and is not one of the basal nuclei.)

What is the main role of the olfactory cortex?

detection of odors

Anencephaly is a result of incomplete formation of the vertebral arches and can be caused by inadequate folic acid in the maternal diet.

false

The CNS starts differentiating from the neural tube in the developing embryo after week __________. a) two b) three c) four d) six

four

Acting as an excitotoxin, the main culprit in the damage caused by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is __________.

glutamate

Which of the following is the autonomic control center? a) midbrain b) diencephalon c) pons d) hypothalamus e) medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Which of the following regulates body temperature, food intake, and endocrine functions? a) hypothalamus b) pineal body c) epithalamus d) thalamus

hypothalamus

Which part of the brain regulates thirst?

hypothalamus

Which part of the brain regulates thirst? a) pons b) cerebral cortex c) cerebellum d) hypothalamus e) temporal lobe

hypothalamus

insomania

inability to sleep

poliomyelitis

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following regions acts as an autonomic reflex center of the brain? a) pons b) midbrain c) medulla oblongata d) cerebellum

medulla oblongata

The midbrain develops from which secondary brain vesicle? a) metencephalon b) diencephalon c) mesencephalon d) telencephalon

mesencephalon (The midbrain develops from the mesencephalon.)

People with __________ lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state. a) epilepsy b) insomnia c) sleep apnea d) narcolepsy

narcolepsy

All of the structures of the CNS originate from the __________.

neural tube

Papaplegia

paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body

Transection (cross sectioning) of the spinal cord at T3 results in __________.

paraplegia

Which of the following is NOT a part of the diencephalon? a) epithalamus b) thalamus c) hypothalamus d) perithalamus

perithalamus

Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons? a) paraplegia b) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis c) meningitis d) poliomyelitis

poliomyelitis

All the following are functions of the amygdaloid body EXCEPT __________. a) resolving mental conflict b) assessment of danger c) memory d) recognition of fear

resolving mental conflict

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei? a) determining whether a person is left- or right- handed b) regulation of body temperature c) connecting corresponding areas of the cerebral cortex to enable them to function as a coordinated whole d) processing of sensory information e) starting, stopping, and monitoring arm swinging and gait

starting, stopping, and monitoring arm swinging and gait

Which part of the brain produces dopamine? a) substantia nigra b) red nucleus c) reticular formation d) pontine nuclei e) pineal gland

substantia nigra

Which of the following coordinate head and eye movements when we visually follow a moving object? a) inferior colliculi b) pneumotaxic center c) superior colliculi d) red nucleus e) substantia nigra

superior colliculi (The superior colliculi are visual reflex centers that coordinate head and eye movements when we visually follow a moving object.)

Which of the following areas is NOT involved in speech processing? a) Broca's area b) lateral prefrontal cortex c) superior colliculi d) Wernicke's area

superior colliculi (The superior colliculi function in visual reflexes.)

The visceral sensory area of the cerebral cortex is involved in the conscious perception of all the following EXCEPT __________. a) the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath b) full bladder c) upset stomach d) taste

taste

In which of the following areas do sorting and editing of sensory impulses take place? a) basal nuclei b) hypothalamus c) prefrontal cortex d) postcentral cortex e) thalamic nuclei

thalamic nuclei (Within the thalamus a sorting-out and information editing process occurs. Virtually all inputs ascending to the cerebral cortex funnel through the thalamic nuclei.)

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic regions of a cerebral hemisphere? a) the internal white matter b) the diencephalon c) the basal nuclei d) the superficial cortex of gray matter

the diencephalon

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in planning (rather than executing) movement? a) the intermediate parts of each hemisphere b) the lateral part of each hemisphere c) the posterior lobe d) the anterior lobe

the lateral part of each hemisphere

Which of the following landmarks separates the cerebral hemispheres? a) the transverse cerebral fissure b) septum pellucidum c) the longitudinal fissure d) the central sulcus

the longitudinal fissure

In which part of the cerebral cortex do sensations, emotions, and thoughts come together to form our personality? a) the premotor cortex b) the motor cortex c) the primary sensory cortex d) the multimodal association areas

the multimodal association areas

Cerebral palsy may be caused by a temporary lack of oxygen during birth.

true

Spatial discrimination is the ability to identify the specific region of the body being stimulated.

true