The Circulatory System: Blood

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Monocytes

2-8% differential count, become macrophages to engulf pathogens or debris

Lymphocytes

20-40% differential count, immune response to specific pathogens

________ directly stimulates red blood cell production.

EPO

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis?

a reduction in blood loss

During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule?

amino acids

The function of hemoglobin is to

bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Red blood cells result from the division of cells called

hemocytoblasts

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

monocyte

Neutrophils

most abundant (about 60% differential count), phagocytic, engulf pathogens, release cytotoxic chemicals

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?

myeloid stem cell, pro erythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

Eosinophils

only about 2-4% differential count, phagocytic, reduce inflammation due to allergens and parasites

Which one of the following does NOT lead to anemia:

polycythemia (abnormal increase in RBC)

During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell?

reticulocyte

ESSAYS

1. Discuss the process by which red blood cells are formed beginning with where and how erythropoiesis is initiated and ending with a mature erythrocyte. Discuss what happens when a RBC reaches the end of its lifespan. 2. Describe the process of hemostasis.

Blood normal clots in approximately

3-6 minutes

Blood is approximately _________ percent plasma by volume.

46-63

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is

60-120 days

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means

Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

Type AB blood contains

agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are

albumins

Agglutinins

are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called

hematocrit

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen

The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed

hemophilia

This inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed

hemophilia

Which conditions results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?

jaundice

Basophils

less than 1% differential count, release histamine, promote inflammation

Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of diapedesis (amoeboid movement) are

leukocytes

Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?

liver

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the

red bone marrow

The common pathway of coagulation ends with

the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrin

Which one of the following is NOT true of WBCs:

they initiate the clotting process

A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n)

thrombus

Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.

vitamin K

The term _______ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.

whole blood


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