The Circulatory System: Blood
Monocytes
2-8% differential count, become macrophages to engulf pathogens or debris
Lymphocytes
20-40% differential count, immune response to specific pathogens
________ directly stimulates red blood cell production.
EPO
What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis?
a reduction in blood loss
During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule?
amino acids
The function of hemoglobin is to
bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Red blood cells result from the division of cells called
hemocytoblasts
Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
monocyte
Neutrophils
most abundant (about 60% differential count), phagocytic, engulf pathogens, release cytotoxic chemicals
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?
myeloid stem cell, pro erythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC
Eosinophils
only about 2-4% differential count, phagocytic, reduce inflammation due to allergens and parasites
Which one of the following does NOT lead to anemia:
polycythemia (abnormal increase in RBC)
During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell?
reticulocyte
ESSAYS
1. Discuss the process by which red blood cells are formed beginning with where and how erythropoiesis is initiated and ending with a mature erythrocyte. Discuss what happens when a RBC reaches the end of its lifespan. 2. Describe the process of hemostasis.
Blood normal clots in approximately
3-6 minutes
Blood is approximately _________ percent plasma by volume.
46-63
The average functional lifespan of an RBC is
60-120 days
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means
Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.
Type AB blood contains
agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.
Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are
albumins
Agglutinins
are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type
The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called
hematocrit
As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?
hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen
The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed
hemophilia
This inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed
hemophilia
Which conditions results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?
jaundice
Basophils
less than 1% differential count, release histamine, promote inflammation
Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of diapedesis (amoeboid movement) are
leukocytes
Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?
liver
A person's blood type is determined by the
presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane
In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the
red bone marrow
The common pathway of coagulation ends with
the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrin
Which one of the following is NOT true of WBCs:
they initiate the clotting process
A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n)
thrombus
Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.
vitamin K
The term _______ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.
whole blood