EMT Final

A patient has fallen through a large plate glass window. As you approach, you note the patient to be sitting up holding his hand over a large laceration that is spurting bright red blood. Which one of the following should you do immediately?

Apply direct pressure to the laceration.

In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. cool and clammy skin. B. absent peripheral pulses. C. restlessness or anxiety. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

B. absent peripheral pulses.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: A. immediately evaluate his airway. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

B. apply direct pressure to the wound.

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, blankets for warmth, and elevation of his head. B. assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. C. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, thermal management, and elevation of his legs. D. assisted ventilation, preventing hyperthermia, and elevating his lower extremities.

B. assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: A. lactic acid. B. carbon dioxide. C. pyruvic acid. D. carbon monoxide.

B. carbon dioxide.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? A. liver laceration B. cardiac tamponade C. simple pneumothorax D. spinal cord injury Answer: B

B. cardiac tamponade

When the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include: A. tachypnea. B. tachycardia. C. vasodilation. D. restlessness.

B. tachycardia.

The standard against infection that assumes that all blood and body fluids are infectious, and requires all emergency workers to practice a strict form of infection control, is called:

BSI

Death and dying are inherent parts of emergency medical care. Which of the following is one of the five emotional stages experienced by a dying patient?

Bargaining

When caring for the dying patient, it is important to:

Be honest about the situation and allow the family access to the patient.

During the depression stage of dying, the patient may:

Become silent, distant, sad, and despondent.

If it is discovered that a seriously injured patient is an organ donor, the emergency care providers should:

Begin CPR to preserve the organs.

In the absence of a DNR order or physician's instructions, the EMT is obligated to:

Begin full rescitation immediately

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication

Between the skin and the muscle

First responders are generally trained to provide the following care:

Bleeding control, airway management, and automated external defibrillation.

Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that

Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?

Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.

During the primary assessment of an unresponsive infant, which pulse should be palpated?

Brachial

You are assessing an eight-month-old whose mother states has been vomiting for two days and not eating or drinking. When assessing the pulse, you should check which site?

Brachial.

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

A situation that causes you to experience emotions that are unusually strong and may interfere with your ability to function is called a(n):

Critical incident.

Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth?

Crowning of the baby's head

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because: A. it typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults. B. the most likely cause of the hypotension is respiratory failure. C. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume. D. most children with hypotension die in the prehospital setting.

C. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes: A. vasovagal shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. psychogenic shock. D. neurologic shock.

C. psychogenic shock.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: A. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. B. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. D. repeat your secondary assessment.

C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.

C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? A. pallor B. dizziness C. wheezing D. hypotension

C. wheezing

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5.

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?

CORRECT A) muscle B) heart C) liver D) kidneys

Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?

CORRECT A) shallow breathing B) increased tidal volume C) respirations of 20 breaths/min D) slight decrease in respiratory rate

The two primary formats for the patient care report (PCR) are the traditional written report and the computerized report. The computerized report:

Can be linked to diagnostic and monitoring equipment.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called

Capsules

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes simvastatin (vytorin) and clopidoherl(plavix). This medication regimen suggests a history of

Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction.

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries

Patient-care equipment that enters the body or that touches mucous membranes must be:

Cleaned with high-level disinfection.

Which of the following BEST describes an EMS provider's "sixth sense"?

Clinical judgment

Minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Violating a patient's _______________ may result in a loss of EMT certification and other legal actions.

Confidentiality

You are treating a middle aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for for Chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should

Confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and the dose

The purpose of a Jump Kit is to:

Contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care

At a hazardous materials incident, an EMT should provide basic emergency care only after the scene is safe and patient _______ is limited.

Contamination

One aspect of quality improvement is:

Continuing education

The basic course prepares an EMT to function in three levels, including:

Controlling non-life-threatening situations.

The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered

Form

Which of the following is completed first during the primary assessment?

Forming a general impression

____ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require several inches of lead or concrete to prevent penetration

Gamma

What medication form does oral glucose come in

Gel

What BEST defines the immediate sense of the patient's degree of distress, formulated from the patient's immediate environment, appearance, and chief complaint?

General impression

Which of the following represents the correct order of assessment for the EMT during the primary assessment from start to end?

General impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority

Changes in your work environment can help you manage job-related stress. These changes include:

Getting some exercise, such as aerobics, at the station.

Which of the following items would MOST likely require special protocols in order to be carried on the ambulance?

PASG pneumatic anti shock garment

Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct?

PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Eye protection, protective gloves, gowns, and masks are known as:

PPE

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

A 41-year-old male patient has fallen from a second-story roof. He is complaining of right leg pain and pain to his pelvic region. When performing the secondary assessment on this patient, which one of the following should the EMT intentionally not perform?

Palpation of the pelvic region.

Of the four levels of prehospital emergency medical training, the level of training that allows for cardiac pacing, decompressing the chest cavity, and cricothyroidotomy is the:

Paramedic level.

Diseases are caused by _______, which may be spread through the air or by contact with blood or other body fluids.

Pathogens

Diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses known as:

Pathogens

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

Which of the following statements is true regarding patients with cerebral palsy?

Patients with cerebral palsy are not necessarily mentally disabled.

Which of the following statements regarding patients with developmental disabilities is correct?

Patients with developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

In _____ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner

Peer-assisted

The EMT's first and most important priority is:

Personal Safety

Signs and symptoms that are expected based on the chief complaint, but that the patient denies having, are known as:

Pertienet negatives

Signs and symptoms that might be expected, based on a patient's chief complaint, but that the patient denies having, are examples of:

Pertinent negatives

Shortly after assisting a 65 yet old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

Place her supine and elevate her legs

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?

Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point

Which of the following statements is true regarding disposable equipment?

Place used equipment in a plastic bag labeled as biohazardous waste.

Which of the following is the proper position for maintaining the airway in a child with a decreased level of consciousness?

Placing the head and neck in a neutral position; using a folded towel under the shoulders if necessary

When taking vital signs, it is important to also document the patient's ______ when the vital signs were taken.

Position

When arriving at the scene of an over turned tractor-trailer rig, you notice that a green cloud is being emitted from the crash vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should?

Position the ambulance upwind

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heat attack because it

Prevents the aggregation of platelets

One of your roles and responsibilities as an EMT is patient advocacy. This means that, as an emergency care provider, you are responsible for:

Protecting the patient's rights.

The most effective protection against a lawsuit is to:

Provide the best emergency care that you can.

Which of the following statements regarding anthrax is correct?

Pulmonary anthrax is the most deadly form

Each state is required to have a(n) _______ program for continuous evaluation and upgrading of the EMS system.

Quality improvement

When performing the primary assessment of a conscious adult, you typically palpate which pulse first?

Radial.

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action?

Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag

A 31 year old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should

Reassess the patients and document her response to the medication

Trends in a patient's condition are best noted during what phase of a patient assessment?

Reassessment.

General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Regularly using the siren as much as possible.

When given to patients with cardiac related chest pain nitroglycerin

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

You and your partner are standing by at the scene of a residential fire when you hear the incident commander state "We have located a victim" over the radio. You should

Remain with the ambulance and wait for fire personnel to bring the victim to you

If you get a patient's blood on your uniform, you should:

Remove the affected clothing, bag it, and label it for later washing.

You are transporting an 18-year-old male, who has been injured in a motor-vehicle collision. He has a decreased level of consciousness and has suffered injuries to his, chest, and lower right leg. When you are conducting the reassessment of the patient's head and neck, which one of the following is appropriate?

Taking time to carefully re-palpate the face and scalp.

What is the BEST technique to use when assessing an infant's mental status?

Talk to him.

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

Teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue.

A special report, in addition to the standard PCR, must be completed if an EMT suspects:

That an elderly patient has been abused.

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?

The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

The AVPU scale is an ineffective tool when assessing an elderly patient's level of consciousness.

In which of the following situations is an emergency patient move indicated?

The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards.

The U.S. Department of Transportation publishes a book that should be carried in every emergency vehicle to assist in the identification of hazardous materials. This book is called:

The Emergency Response Guidebook.

The responsibility to maintain certification and licensure to practice at the EMT level falls upon:

The Emt

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure upon standing because:

The baroreceptors become less sensitive to blood pressure

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

The obligation of an EMT to provide care is called:

The duty to act.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto injector delivers a preset amount of the drug

Which of the following processes occurs during ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation.

Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct?

The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects from excess handling

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct?

The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso

The medical documentation you prepare has legal and administrative functions. Which of the following is true regarding these uses of your documentation?

The medical documentation you provide typically becomes a part of the patient's permanent hospital record.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following differences should be expected when assessing a pediatric patient, as compared to the adult patient?

The normal respiratory rate is faster.

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

Try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.

Which of the following is an example of a brand(trade). Name of a drug

Tylenol

The _______ was responsible for developing EMS standards and assisting states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.

U.S. Department of Transportation

Which of the following statements regarding the unified command system is correct?

Under the unified command system, plans are drawn up in advance by all cooperating agencies that assume a shared responsibility for decision making.

While treating a patient who was assaulted by a mob of angry people in a bar, the EMT finds the patient to be confused, tachycardic, with cool skin and a poor capillary refill. Into which physiologic category should the EMT place this patient?

Unstable.

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

Use plain language and simple terms.

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate when completing a PCR?

Using abbreviations you have developed

Safe patient lifting and moving techniques include:

Using the easiest recommended moves and equipment.

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular

Which of the following statements regarding the persistency and volatility of a chemical agent is correct?

VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months.

The single most important way you can prevent the spread of infection is by:

Vigorous handwashing.

The single most important way you can prevent the spread of infection is by:

Washing your hands

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

What seems to be the matter?

When you are caring for a patient with either a medical complaint or traumatic injury, you should typically perform the reassessment:

While transporting the patient to the hospital.

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence?

Why did your child ingest the poison?

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.

Legal considerations regarding a patient's refusal of treatment include which of the following?

You must document your efforts to convince the patient to accept treatment.

which of the following patients would most likely demonstrate typical signs of infection or fever?

a 17-year-old male with depression and anxiety

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

a 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

which of the following patients would most likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction

a 45 year old male who ingested penicillin

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

a black widow spider bite

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

a blowout fracture.

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

a brain injury.

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient?

a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

a decreased ability to cough

The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:

a decreased level of consciousness.

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced

a detached retina

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:

a detached retina.

Negative pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity

Organic brain syndrome is MOST accurately defined as

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack.

during your assessment of a 50 year old male who was found unconscious in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations, significant bradycardia, facial cyanosis, and pinpoint pupils. as your partner begins assisting the patients ventilations, he directs your attention to the patients arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. this patients clinical presentation is MOST consistent with

a heroin overdose

A subluxation occurs when

a joint is incompletely dislocated.

A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate:

a loss of vascular tone

The mesentery is

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body

Which of the following is probably NOT a mass-casualty incident?

a motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances

When the cervix begins to dilate

a mucus plug is expelled from the vagina

In general, medivac helicopters should be utilized when:

a patient has a time-dependent injury or illness and traffic conditions would cause a significant delay in definitive care.

Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team?

a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle

Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?

a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness

Which f the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?

a person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae

Characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include:

a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers

Botulinum is:

a potent bacterial neurotoxin

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

a rapid heart rate

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and

a rash

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:

a reduction in tidal volume

you are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. his blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. his wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. he has MOST likely experienced:

a ruptured cerebral artery

A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when:

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance

A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when:

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance.

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or WMD incident is MOST important because

a secondary explosive device may detonate.

A flail chest occurs when:

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

when caring for a child with documented hypoglycemia, you should be most alert for

a seizure

which of the following most accurately describes a focal seizure?

a seizure that begins in one extremity

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for PID?

a shuffling gait when walking

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

a slow heart rate

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

a specialist may need to be called.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

administer high flow oxygen

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.

a 19 year old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants, she states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. the patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain in the area of the bites. her blood pressure is 122/70, her pulse is 100 beats/minute and strong, and her respirations are 18 bretahs per minute and unlabored you should

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman who is 35 weeks' pregnant. She tells you that her amniotic sac has not ruptured, but she is experiencing irregular contractions that "come and go." Upon visual inspection, you note a small amount of brown mucus draining from her vagina. You should

administer oxygen and transport.

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should

administer oxygen, give her 2 (81mg each tablet) chewable aspirin, and assess her further.

a 37 year old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. he does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. how should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

a 4 year old male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). the child's mother states that the ingestion occurred approximately 20 minutes ago. the child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. after contacting medical control, you should

administer up to 25 g of activated charcoal

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

administering oxygen and transporting immediately.

Persons who are 12 to 19 years of age

adolescents

You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should:

advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit

7 months

afraid of strangers; mood swings

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:

after assessing distal neurovascular functions.

When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient

after receiving approval from the extrication officer

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

Interoperability, an important feature of the NIMS, refers to the ability of:

agencies of different types or from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, and circulation

DTs is a syndrome associated with withdraw from

alcohol

the most commonly abused drug in the united states is

alcohol

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

alcohol abuse and dependence

You have been called for an adult patient who suffered a seizure. He is sitting on the floor, and he looks at you as you enter the room. When questioned, he cannot remember the date or where he is. The patient's mental status can be described as:

alert, but confused.

Developmental disabilities may be caused by which of the following?

all of the above

Which of the following is helpful when working with patients who are hearing impaired?

all of the above

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory system of older adults?

all of the above

the foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a

allergen

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:

alleviate the pain

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:

allow the family to observe if they wish

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before

20 weeks

The term obese is used when a patient is _________ over his or her ideal weight.

20% to 30%

The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.

21%, 16%

With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb.

220

the usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ____ for a pediatric patient and up to ____ for an adult patient.

25g, 50g

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

3

Hydroplaning of the ambulance on wet roads would MOST likely occur at speeds of greater than _____ mph.

30

most patients who die from anaphylaxis do so within the first _______ following

30 minutes

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

Portable and mounted suction units must be powerful enough to generate a vacuum of at least ____ mm Hg when the tubing is clamped.

300

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg.

Preeclampsia MOST commonly occurs after the ___ week of gestation.

30th

Which one of the following patients should the EMT identify as having the best breathing?

34-year-old who is alert and oriented with good chest rise and fall.

Basic language is usually mastered by what age?

36 months

Increasing cholesterol levels and decreased efficiency of the heart begins to become a concern for which age group?

41-60 years

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to

44%

With the flowmeter set at 6L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to________oxygen

44%

Which one of the following patients should be classified as unresponsive?

46-year-old male who does not respond when his fingers are pinched.

An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:

5 minutes.

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

5,600 mL

What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?

5.25 L

A portable oxygen cylinder should have a capacity of a minimum of ______ of oxygen.

500 L

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi.

After ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely.

6

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:

60 and 100 beats/min.

What is the minimum size of a helicopter land zone?

60x60

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

The average adult has approximately _______of blood in his or her body.

6L

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

70 beats/min.

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70 to 120 beats/min.

During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)

70 to 80 mL

In preparing for a disaster, EMS systems should have enough supplies for at least a ____ period of self-sufficiency

72-hour

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

78, 120

If a baby is born at 7:52 p.m., the second APGAR score should be calculated at

7:57 p.m.

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His APGAR score is

8

what glascow coma scale would you assign to a patient who responds to painful stimuli, uses inappropriate words, and flexes his or her arms in response to pain?

8

The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____.

8, 100 lb

The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:

80 and 120 mg/dL.

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months.

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.

90

What is the normal pulse rate of a neonate?

90-180 beats/minute

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

90°F (32°C).

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

90°F (32°C).

Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock? A. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils B. a 23-year-old restless male with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia C. a 28-year-old female with pale skin and rapid, shallow respirations D. a 32-year-old male with anxiety and a systolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg

A. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils

Patients develop septic shock secondary to: A. poor vessel function and severe volume loss. B. an infection that weakens cardiac contractions. C. failure of the blood vessels to adequately dilate. D. weak vessel tone due to nervous system damage.

A. poor vessel function and severe volume loss.

which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stoke?

blockage of a cerebral artery

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

blood clotting abnormalities.

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

The term "hyphema" is defined as

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia) include all of the following, EXCEPT

blood in the urine

Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children?

blood pressure

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad?

blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

blood vessels

Pale skin in a child indicates that the:

blood vessels near the skin are constricted

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with

blowout fracture.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the APGAR score?

body size

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining how to protect oneself against the effects of radiation?

body size

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

formation of a close, personal relationship

bonding

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the ________ artery.

brachial

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery.

brachial artery

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

brain

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with

brain injury.

All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain?

brain stem

The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the

brain stem

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a

break in the continuity of the bone.

The automatic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

breath holding

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord

3 months

bring objects to teh mouth; can smile adn frown

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

bronchus

When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear.

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

c. Administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

c. Follow appropriate standard precautions.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. Your should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

c. Gastrointestinal bleeding

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

c. Insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

c. Is ejected or partially ejected.

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

c. Padding between the ear and the scalp.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

c. Place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

c. Preparing for immediate transport.

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

c. Rapidly transporting her to the hospital

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

c. Replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:

calcium

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

The wastes products of aerobic metabolism include:

carbon dioxide and water

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is NOT a BLS intervention?

cardiac monitoring

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon your arrival, you see people frantically fleeing the building, screaming, "Everyone is passing out!" You should:

carefully assess the situation and ensure your own safety

While using lights and siren, most state laws permit an ambulance to:

carefully exceed the posted speed limit

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

carotid arteries.

The umbilical cord

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

cataracts

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:

cause the child to vomit

Syncope in the older patient is:

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movement such as writing or sewing?

cerebellum

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

cerebellum.

A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain MOST accurately describes a(n):

cerebral concussion.

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:

cerebral edema.

interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, except:

cerebral vasodilation

The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain's total volume.

cerebrum

The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter," is called the:

cerebrum

the three major parts of the brain are the

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Select the areas of the spinal column is descending order.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. You should

check for a carotid pulse for no longer than 10 seconds.

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. You should:

check for a carotid pulse for no longer than 10 seconds.

When would it be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin?

chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEP

chest pressure.

Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese?

chest thrusts

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:

children who are younger than 6 years of age.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to PID if left untreated?

chlamydia

Exposure to _____ would MOST likely result in immediate respiratory distress?

chlorine

a 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the upper right quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. the most likely cause of her pain is

cholecystitis

Vagal nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

chronic seizure disorders

Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for heatstroke because

circulation to the skin is reduced.

What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

clavicle, scapula, humerus

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

clavicle.

The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called:

cleaning

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether or not

clot-buster therapy is given within 2-3 hours of symptom onset

which of the following drugs is NOT a sedative-hypnotic

cocaine

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

The chief component of connective tissue and bones that deteriorates as people age is called:

collagen

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT:

collapsed jugular veins.

The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin:

color

An EMT assisting a patient in taking medication without the approval of medical direction is an example of an error of

commission

The descending aorta branches into the:

common illiac arteries

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:

compare it to the uninjured leg.

The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:

compressed skull fractures.

You should deliver chest compressions to an unconscious adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving 100% oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?

compression of the aorta and vena cava

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

conduction.

While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

congestive heart failure.

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva.

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

connecting

The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:

connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain

General guidelines for carrying a patient on a stretcher include:

constant communication with your partners

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

constricted pupils.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors result in:

constriction of the blood vessels

a 73 year old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. you auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress, in addition to administering oxygen, you should

contact medical control if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration

a 3 year old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. the childs mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. after completing your initial assessment of the child, you should

contact the regional poison control center.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

The onset of labor begins with

contractions of the uterus

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n)

contusion.

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

convection.

a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

conventional reasoning

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to:

converse with the patient and provide reassurance

Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

coronary arteries, aorta

Hemoptysis is defined as:

coughing up blood.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

cricoid cartilage

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup

A 49-year-old man has been removed from his overturned tanker, which was carrying a hazardous material. The tank ruptured and he was exposed to the material. When rescue personnel bring him to the decontamination area, they note that he is unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. They should:

cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can.

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis

Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men?

cystitis

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

d. 18%

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

d. Aggressively manage his airway.

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

d. Apply direct pressure above and below the wound

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

d. Assist the patient's ventilations.

A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has:

d. Compartment syndrome.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mmHg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

d. Control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mmHg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

d. Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

d. Immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

d. Laceration of the aorta

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

d. Neck and facial injuries.

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thread. You should:

d. Provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

d. Report the incident to the appropriate authorities

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

d. Stabilize her entire spine.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

d. Transport to a trauma center.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

d. Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:

date and event

which of the following most accurately describes the postictal state that follows a seizure?

dazed, confused, or combative appearance

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

decontaminate

Which of the following activities occurs in the warm zone?

decontamination

Which of the following is NOT a role of the EMT at the scene of a HazMat incident?

decontamination

The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:

decreased blood glucose levels.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by

decreased blood oxygen.

An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:

decreased perception of pain

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

deformity.

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

A 10-20% reduction in brain and weight and volume would MOST likely increase an older person's risk for:

dementia

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat to himself or herself, or to others.

The refusal of the patient to accept the possibility of death occurs during the _______________ stage.

denial

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer.

Which is the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

dermis

During a motor vehicle collision involving multiple patients, the IC would MOST likely:

designate a safety officer, but retain other command functions.

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:

determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

determine the onset of the patients illness

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing facility for an 80-year old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. As your partner administers oxygen to the patient, you should:

determine the patients baseline mental status.

A placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

Signs of agitated delirium include

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Signs of agitated delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being

diaphoretic

The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

diaphragm

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm.

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the

diaphragm.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

diastole

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

allows movement of the head

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli

When caring for a visually impaired patient, you should:

always tell the patient what is happening.

Cross contamination occurs when:

an EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines

diphenhydramine( Benadryl)

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should:

direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should:

direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damage car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unconscious, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should

direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way, but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest fir signs of breathing.

Pathophysiologyis the study of the functional change that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

dislocation.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n)

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

displaced fracture

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called

dissemination

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:

distal forearm

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

distal humerus fracture

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

distal humerus.

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention.

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

diuretics

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

The Centennial Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics is an example of:

domestic terrorism

The airway that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

What is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to the wheeled stretcher?

draw sheet method

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

drink a lot of alcohol.

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism.

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should be MOST suspicious for:

an aortic aneurysm

Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of:

an aortic aneurysm.

A 26-year-old woman complains of a stabbing pain in the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. She states that her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago and that she had pelvic inflammatory disease approximately 3 months ago. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing

an ectopic pregnancy

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for

an ectopic pregnancy

which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction

an exaggerated immune system response to any substance

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a mass casualty incident?

an incident that greatly taxes or depletes a system's available resources

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

an ulcer.

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where

antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed.

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

antihypertensive medications

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

anxious-avoidant attachment

A disease vector is defined as:

any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is MOST accurately defined as:

any agent used to bring about mass death, casualties, or massive infrastructural damage.

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:

any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta

The ______ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.

apex

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:

appendicitis.

An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should:

apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device

When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from their vehicle, you should..

apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

During your visual inspection of a 19-year-old patient in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

If gastric distention is interfering with your ability to adequately ventilate a patient, you may have to:

apply manual pressure to the abdomen.

you are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. he is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64. assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. he states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. you should:

apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic,and transport him to the hosptial

common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following except

drowsiness

your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49 year old male with bradycardia which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience

dry mucous membranes

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

dry the chest off if it is wet

common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following except

drying of the eyes

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:

dura mater

a patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing

dysarthria

Persons who are 19-40 years of age

early adults

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

ears

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the:

effectiveness of oxygenation

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases.

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes.

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then:

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

Phases of an ambulance call include all of the following activities, EXCEPT

emergency care provided at the scene

the anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls

emotion

Insulin functions in the body by:

enabling glucose to enter the cells.

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

endocrine

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

engorged jugular veins

during the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

After a baby is born, it is important to

ensure it is thoroughly dried and warm

Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you:

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:

ensure that you are safe

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should

ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building

In regards to any patient suffering from a behavioral emergency, what is the MOST important component of caring for this patient?

ensure the safety of you and your team.

n regards to any patient suffering from a behavioral emergency, what is the MOST important component of caring for this patient?

ensure the safety of you and your team.

Which of the following is the BEST example of gaining simple access to a patient?

entering a vehicle through an open window

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly?

epidural hematoma

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called:

epiglottis

a patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. the least likely cause of this seizure is

epilepsy

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is:

epinephrine.

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

epiphyseal

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ______ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

The MOST important treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is

establish an adequate airway.

As the first-arriving senior EMT at the scene of an incident, you should perform a scene size-up and then:

establish command

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should:

establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plan to help.

Prior to applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should:

evaluate the patient for potentially correctible cause of combativeness, such as head injury, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia

Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

evaluating proximal pulses.

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

evaporation.

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

evaporation.

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:

excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.

It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been

explosive weapons

anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area?

extremity lift

Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the ICS?

extrication

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is

failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged

It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube.

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:

falsely high systolic and diastolic reading

Which of the following is of LEAST pertinence when obtaining medical history information from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

family history of hypertension

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

family history.

Ketone production is the result of

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

females

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse.

femoral

Which of the following are central pulses?

femoral and carotid

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the

femoral arteries.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur.

symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricin include

fever and headache

which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct

fire ants often bite a person repeatedly

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

first-degree burn.

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

five

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

flulike symptoms

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

Areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.

fontanelles

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum

the spinal cord exits the cranium through the

foramen magnum

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

forceful coughing.

Hemoglobin is:

found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength

four

A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:

fowler's

injuries or conditions that would be classified as first priority (red tag: immediate) include all of the following, EXCEPT:

fractures of multiple long bones

The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent and often inefficient decisions regarding an incident is called:

freelancing

The direct carry is used to transfer a patient:

from a bed to the ambulance stretcher

All of the following terms are used to describe a cold body part that is not frozen, EXCEPT:

frostbite

common names for activated charcoal include all of the following except

fructose

As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then:

function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive

If a newborn has gasping respirations after being dried and suctioned

further stimulation is not likely to improve ventilation.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

gallbladder

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

gastric distention.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

Which of the following conditions does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge?

genital herpes

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient?

gentle palpation of the pelvis

A 30-year-old pregnant female is gravida-3 and para-2. This means that she has

given birth to 2 live babies

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be

given the option of being treated by a female EMT

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT:

giving a verbal report to the triage clerk

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unconscious, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds.

According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient has a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min, you should:

assess for a distal pulse.

You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. After delivering two rescue breaths, you should:

assess for the presence of a brachial pulse

You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks' pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the appropriate BSI precautions, you should

assess her for crowning.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should

grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety

If hydroplaning of the ambulance occurs, the driver should:

gradually slow down without jamming on the brakes

The bony prominence on the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding

Distraction injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

hangings.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:

has an even proportionately larger head.

a patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is not eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she

has bleeding within the brain

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.

The term primipara refers to a woman who

has had only one live birth.

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the patient's health status.

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

have chronic hypertension.

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who

have delivered a baby before

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

hazardous materials gear

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

Minimum staffing in the patient compartment of a basic life support (BLS) ambulance includes:

at least one EMT

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet

a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

atherosclerosis

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

head bobbing.

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a:

head-on crash

Initial signs and symptoms associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers include:

headache and sore throat

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

heart disease

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hematemesis.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria

An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis.

hemolytic

A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that:

her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement.

According to the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System, the color orange indicates a _______ risk of terrorist attacks.

high

The elbow is an example of a ____joint

hinge

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

his large body

chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include

histamines and leukotriene's

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem?

history taking

urticaria is the medical term for

hives

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

human resources fail to investigate it

The supporting bone of the arm is the:

humerus

For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?

hydrocephalus

Which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds

hydrogen cyanide

_____ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressure

hydrostatic

If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called:

hypercarbia.

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?

hyperglycemia

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration.

the most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is

hypertension

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT

hypertension.

which of the following conditions would most likely mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

hypoglycemia

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypoglycemia.

Which of the following signs or symptoms would you NOT expect to encounter in a patient with congestive heart failure?

hypotension and flat jugular veins

which of the following conditions would be least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

hypovolemia

The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called:

hypoxic drive

Advil,nuprin,and Motrin are brand(trade) names for the generic medication

ibuprofen

Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed:

if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress.

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:

if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Which of the following statements regarding transport of patients from a mass-casualty incident or disaster site is correct?

immediate-priority patients should transported two at a time

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:

immediately begin CPR, apply an AED, stop along the side of the road to allow the AED to analyze, and shock as indicated

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:

immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient is not breathing, you should:

immediately check for a pulse.

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

immediately request ALS support

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should

immediately request addition resources

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

immediately resume CPR.

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:

immediately suction her oropharynx.

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury

A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should

immobilize him with a vest-style device

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

A hiker was injured when he fell approx 20' from a cliff. When you aarrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The MOST appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the patient to the ambulance is to

immobilize his spine with a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position.

The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is

in the driver's compartment

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?

increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

increased weight

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

a hypnotic drug is one that:

induces sleep

Persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age

infants

Compared to full-term infants, premature infants are at a higher risk for

infection

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is

infection.

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:

inferior

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava

When you encounter a patient who refuses treatment, you should

inform him or her of the consequences of that decision

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for these patients includes:

atropine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM).

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of the injury to the:

b. Spleen

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

b. Suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the

back is bent forward at the hips.

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves:

back slaps.

The bargaining stage indicates that the patient is beginning to accept their situation but attempts to postpone death (even for a short while) by taking the attitude of "Okay, but first let me...".

bargaining

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

barometric pressure.

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system conrol of the cardiovascular system is correct?

baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure

Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.

barotrauma

The MOST appropriate carrying device to use when moving a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the:

basket strecher

as you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should

be alert for personal hazards

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to

be alter for vomiting

Regardless of where portable and mounted oxygen cylinders are stored in the ambulance, they must:

be capable of delivering oxygen 1-15 liters per min

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may:

be homicidal as well.

When a rehabilitation area is established at the scene of a mass casualty incident, it should:

be in a location that prevents visualization of the scene itself

most poisonings occur via the ________ route

ingestion

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

What function does the pneumotaxic center serve?

inhibits the DRG, resulting in shorter, faster respirations

What is the main function of platelets?

initial formation of a blood clot

you are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. your initial assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. you should

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible

you receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. the patient is unresponsive, her respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats per minutes, and her pulse is weak. the husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone(vicodin) which was refilled the day before. you should:

initiate ventilator assistance

The dorsal respiratory group(DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:

initiating inspiration

a poison that enters the body by ______ is the MOST difficult to treat.

injection

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:

injury to you or your patient.

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

The MOST critical treatment for a tension pneumothorax involves:

inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space.

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

The amniotic fluid serves to

insulate and protect the fetus.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

insulin.

The leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy is

internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

when caring for a know alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the bloods ability to colt

The most common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at:

intersections

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of

intra-abdominal bleeding.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n)

intracerebral hematoma.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):

intracerebral hematoma.

In contrast to simple access, complex access

involves forcible entry into a vehicle

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

irrigating his right eye laterally.

A 48-year-old male was stung on the leg by a jellyfish while swimming in the ocean. He is conscious and alert, but complains of intense pain at the wound site. Specific treatment for this patient includes:

irrigating the wound with vinegar and immersing his leg in hot water.

Type 1 diabetes

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

A laceration:

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

The scene size-up at a motor vehicle crash or other incident

is an ongoing process until the incident is terminated

the poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center

is aware of the substance that is involved

The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:

is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle

you are transporting a semiconscious patient to the hospital. en route, you note that the patient's mental status is not improving, despite 100% supplemental oxygen. you should suspect that this patient

is hypoglycemic

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider:

is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen.

the mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes

Chronic renal failure is a condition that

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

you receive a call to a residence, where a neighbor has found the resident, a 40-year-old female, semiconscious on her living room floor. during your assessment you discover a bottle of Dilantin on a nearby table. you should be most suspicious that this patient

is postictal following a seizure

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

is significantly hyperglycemic.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

The cricoid cartilage:

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes

The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because:

it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

it is under control of the autonomic nervous system

Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because

it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle.

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must be able to evaporate from the body.

Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patient's airway when a spinal injury is suspected?

jaw-thrust

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

jaw-thrust maneuver.

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

just anterior to the tragus.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should

keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

When carrying a patient on a backboard up or down stairs

keep the head end elevated

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

In order to accomplish the goal of primary triage, it is important to:

keep the triage assessment brief and the patient categories basic.

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should:

keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

The FIRST rule of safe lifting is to:

keep your back in a straight, vertical position.

Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means:

keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicle in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirror's blind spots.

Common duties and responsibilities of EMS personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle crash include all of the following, EXCEPT

keeping bystanders at a safe distance

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

kidney

Which of the following organs is not part of the digestive system?

kidney

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitonel space?

kidneys

Upon returning to your station following a run, you should disinfect the ambulance as needed. Disinfection is MOST accurately defined as:

killing pathogenic agents with a chemical made for that purpose.

When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should

kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over

As you and your partner report for duty, you check your ambulance and begin talking about the possibility of a terrorist attack. the MOST effective and appropriate way to determine the likelihood of this happening is to:

know the current threat level issues by the Department of Homeland Security

substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as

knowingly misusing substances to produce a desired effect

Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?

known drug allergies

12 months

knows name, can walk

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

kyphosis

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a

laceration of the aorta

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

lacrimal gland.

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx

Persons who are 61 years old or older

late adults

when using an auto injector to give epinephrine, the primary injection sit is the

lateral portion of the thigh

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene.

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:

leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

leave the toes exposed.

With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the:

legs are proportionately smaller than an adults

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

level of consciousness.

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

average amount of years a person can be expected to live

life expectancy

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

The proper technique for using the power grip is to

lift with your palms up

Which of the following steps is NOT proper procedure when performing an emergency move?

lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

which of the following steps is NOT proper procedure when performing an emergency move?

lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments.

your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33 year old male. lying supine in a jail cell. he is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. you should be MOST concerned that this patient

may vomit and aspirate

The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:

medial

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus

The six-pointed Star of Life emblem identifies vehicles that:

meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances

which of the following is not an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Stoke Scale?

memory

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

metabolic coordination

Persons who are 41-60 years of age

middle adults

The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.

midline

The _____plane separates the body into left and right halves.

midsagittal

The diastolic pressure represents the

minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.

If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

minute volume will decrease.

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes phenytoin (Dilantin) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen, you should:

monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level

after administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto injector to a 22 year old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. however, she is still anxious and tachycardia. you should

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

moro reflex

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:

move all walking patients to a designated area

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position.

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

move him into the cooled ambulance.

During two-rescuer CPR, the compressor and ventilator switch positions. While rescuer one is finishing his or her cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

As a triage supervisor, you:

must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a:

myocardial contusion.

In contrast to an Acute Myocardial Infarct (AMI), angina pectoris most commonly occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

The heart muscle is called the:

myocardium

while auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. this indicates:

narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs

persons who are birth to 1 month of age

neonate

basic filtering units in the kidneys

nephrons

atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for

nerve gas agents

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

nervous system.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

neurovascular compromise.

When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should:

never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas

During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock

a patient with an altered mental status is

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to:

observe the chest for adequate rise

you arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. the patient's girlfriend tells you that he had a history of seizures and takes Tegretol. when obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is most important to

obtain a description of how the seizure developed

A 31-year-old male is complaining of left-side flank pain that radiates into his groin. He is alert and oriented and the primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions. A nonrebreather face mask delivering 15 liters per minute of oxygen has been applied. Given the patient's status, from the list below. your next step should be to:

obtain a medical history from the patient.

before giving activated charcoal you should

obtain approval form medical control

According to the NM EMT-Basic Scope of Practice, which of the following MUST be in place prior to the administration of Nitro to a patient complaining of chest pain?

obtain authorization from medical control

Trauma to the _____lobe of the brain wold likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

of the risk for airway problems.

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

older than 8 to 10 years

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2" to 4"

Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date:

on the first day of her last menstrual cycle.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct position of the EMTs who are executing the diamond carry technique?

one at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

one third to one half the diameter of the chest.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?

opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

At a very large incident, the _____ section is responsible for managing the tactical operations usually handled by the IC on routine EMS calls

operations

heroin is an example of an

opioid

Glutose is a trade name for:

oral glucose.

The _____ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

hypotension,hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of

oxycodone(Percocet)

airborne substances are diluted with

oxygen

you are caring for a conscious, confused patient with left-sided hemiparalysis. his airway is patent and his respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. treatment for this patient should include

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

padding between the ear and the scalp.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pale skin.

an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object

palmar grasp

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:

palms and soles

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the:

pancreas

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

pancreatic juice

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA

Critical burns in children include

partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has most likely experienced a (n):

pathologic fracture

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the:

patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion.

For every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, EXCEPT the:

patients medical history

A full-body scan should be performed on:

patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

pelvic fracture with hypotension

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:

penetrating the cranium.

Your EMS team is performing CPR on a 60-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You connect the AED, push the analyze button, and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should:

perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess

In order to evaluate hazards present at he scene and determine the number of patients, you should

perform a 360 walk-around of the scene

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:

perform a careful and thorough assessment

As you assess a 64-year-old unresponsive female with shortness of breath, you hear snoring respiration. Your immediate action when you reach her side is to:

perform a manual jaw-thrust maneuver.

Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should

perform a primary assessment

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:

perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

perform oropharyngeal suctioning.

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs called:

perfusion

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

peripheral

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his:

peripheral circulation is decreased.

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is

peritonitis.

Nerve agents, a class of chemicals called organophosphates, were first discovered while in search of a superior:

pesticide

an absence seizure is also referred to as a

petite mal seizure

The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges

Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved

When multiple patients present with an acute onset of difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and hoarseness or stridor, you should be MOST suspicious of exposure to

phosgene or chlorine

The ________ nerves control the diaphragm.

phrenic

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of:

physical abuse

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

pituitary

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

When transporting a patient who is secured to a backboard, it is important to

place deceleration straps over the patient's shoulders

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

Crepitus and false motion are

positive indicators of a fracture.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

possible spinal injury.

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

postconventional reasoning

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?

posterior

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"?

posterior

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation.

The mastoid process is located approximately:

posterior to the external opening of the ear.

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants

preconventional reasoning

pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to applying 100% oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to:

prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents

Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age

preschoolers

A palpable pulse is created by:

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:

prevent further injury.

Pulmonary hemorrhage and inner ear damage are examples of __________ blast injuries.

primary

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the treatment supervisor?

primary assessment

Functions of the liver include:

production of substances necessary for blood clotting.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia

status epilepticus is characterized by

prolonged seizures without a return on consciousness

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

immediately after giving an epinephrine injection you should:

properly dispose of the syringe

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

protect the affected part from further injury.

When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should

protect the cervical spine during the entire process

White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:

protecting the body from infection

The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:

provide EMT with standard format for assessing elderly patients.

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

provide assisted ventilation.

A 35-year-old woman who is 30 weeks' pregnant presents with a severe headache and swelling in her hands and feet. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 148/94 mm Hg, a pulse of 100 beats/min, and respirations of 24 breaths/min. During transport, you should be MOST concerned with

the possibility that she may experience a seizure

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava

Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the production of key antibodies.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

the reason why the patient called EMS

After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following info to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT

the recommended transport destination for each patient

which of the following statements regarding the salmonella bacterium is correct

the salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning

The term "bloody show" is defined as:

the small amount of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged from the vagina after expulsion of the mucous plug

which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patients allergic reaction

the time of season in which the exposure occured

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

the tongue

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

The Adam's apple is

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:

there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if:

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because

there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off the skin instead of irrigated with water because

these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water

Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:

they do not always eat correctly and on schedule

Many elderly patients of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution of the abuser

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

thoracic

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS

three

When a patient's respirations are shallow:

tidal volume is markedly reduced

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should

time the contractions from the start of one to the start of the next

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

to rapid of an ascent

Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age

toddlers

a person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing an

tolernance

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction.

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

transport a mature egg to the urterus

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

transport her to the emergency department

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in the position in which you found him.

you respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a male 2-year-old. the child is conscious and crying. according to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. you should

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route

The _______ supervisor is responsible for notifying area hospitals and determining their availability and capabilities.

transportation

the most appropriate treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes

transporting the patient without delay

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes:

transporting the patient without delay.

General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding includes

transporting to an appropriate facility

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of:

traumatic aortic rupture

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of

traumatic aortic rupture.

A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned organized, and routine.

trust and mistrust

You are dispatched to a residence for a patient with chest pain; however, you are unfamiliar with the address and cannot find the location in your map book. A nearby police officer radios you and tells you that he knows how to get to the scene. You should:

turn off your lights and carefully follow the police officer to the scene

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

After assessing your patient, you determine that his condition is stable. You provide the appropriate treatment and then load him into the ambulance. While en route to the hospital, you should:

turn your emergency lights off and obey all traffic laws.

Upon arriving at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash at night, you find that the safest place to park your ambulance in a direction that is facing oncoming traffic. You should

turn your headlights off

The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the

umbilicus.

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

The reasons for rescue failure can be referred to by the mnemonic FAILURE. According to this mnemonic, the "U" stands for

underestimating the logistics of the incident

Relative to the kidneys, the liver is:

unilateral

According to the START triage system, which of the following patients should be triaged as an immediate priority (red tag)?

unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

until he or she loses consciousness.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.

which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the most rapidly fatal; if not treated immediately

upper airway swelling

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder

PID typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder.

You are treating a patient who experienced a significant exposure to cyanide. He is semiconscious and is breathing inadequately. The MOST appropriate method of providing assisted ventilations to this patient is to:

use a bag-mask device

Your unit and a fire department vehicle are responding to the scene of a patient in cardiac arrest. As you approach an intersection that is highly congested, you should:

use a different siren tone than the fire department vehicle

What should you do to properly position patient if you do not have a CPR board?

use a short or long board rolled up towel to raise shoulders

When treating a patient with spina bifida, it is important that you:

use latex-free products to treat the patient.

In order to facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should:

use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should:

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid:

using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible

febrile seizures are

usually benign but should be evaluated

the principle clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level or consciousness

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

uterus

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

vasoconstriction

which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction

vasoconstriction and bronchodilator

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

vasoconstriction and shivering.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation.

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the

ventricles relaxing

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents:

ventricular contraction

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation.

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

ventricular fibrillation.

Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

ventricular tachycardia

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscles

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

vomiting.

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

warms and humidifies inhaled air

The main objective of traffic control at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is to:

warn oncoming traffic and try to prevent another crash

you respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. the patient is conscious but confused, she tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before, when she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. you should be most suspicious that this patient

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cels

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

Signs of late heatstroke include:

weak, rapid pulse

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be

weakness or dizziness.

The process performed to artificially maximize the target population's exposure to a biologic agent, thereby exposing the greatest number of people and achieving the desired effect, is called:

weaponization

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT must:

wear gloves and facial protection.

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT:

weather conditions

An infant is considered to be premature if it

weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when

wheezing and hypotension are present

the two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are

wheezing and widespread urticaria

when obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

when the patient last appeared normal

when obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is most important to determine

when the patient last appeared normal

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?

when you determine there are multiple patients

As soon as you leave the hospital and are en route back to your station, you should inform the dispatcher:

whether you are back in service

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients

who have experienced a head injury.

which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinence during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance

why was the substance ingested

If you properly assess and stabilize a patient at the scene, driving to the hospital with excessive speed:

will decrease the drivers reaction time

The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient:

with a deformed humerus

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

with one or two hands.

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance

The carpal bones form the:

wrist

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

xiphoid process

A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a ___________ tag during a mass-casualty incident

yellow

Burn patients without airway compromise and patients with multiple bone or joint injuries should be marked with a ______ triage at a mass-casualty incident

yellow

Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:

you may inadvertently compress the trachea.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant that has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should

provide emotional support to the mother

a 50 year old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. he presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling,, and hypotension. after placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. your next action should be to

record the time and the dose of the injection and transport promptly

when transporting a stable stroke patient with unilateral hemiparalysis, it is best to place the patient in a

recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color ______ by the Department of Homeland Security Advisory System?

red

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

reduce pain and swelling.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by

reducing the overall workload on the heart through vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

referred pain.

A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:

reflective listening.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:

regular

If an incident increases in scope and complexity, the IC should consider:

relinquishing command to someone with more experience.

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

You are en route to an emergency call when you approach a slow-moving vehicle on a two-way road. You can see oncoming traffic in the other lane. The driver has his windows up and does not realize that you are behind him. You should:

remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass

You have a critically injured patient in the back of your ambulance, ready to be transported. There are other injured patients at the scene and it will be approximately 10 minutes before other ambulances will arrive. Law enforcement personnel are at the scene. You should:

remain at the scene until at least one other ambulance arrives

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

When driving an ambulance on a multilane highway in emergency mode, you should:

remain in the extreme left hand lane

A persistent or nonvolatile chemical agent can:

remain on a surface for more than 24 hours

Extrication is MOST accurately defined as

removal form a dangerous situation or position

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

You have assessed an unresponsive middle-aged female and determined that she is in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

Disentanglement involves

removing a patient from a dangerous position

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium, and thus water, from the body.

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected.

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:

repeating statements back to him or her

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:

report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary.

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

report the incident to the appropriate authorities.

Upon arriving at the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation you should ensure your own safely and then

report to the incident commander for instructions

you and your partner respond to the scene of a 49 yr old male with acute abdominal pain. as you enter his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. he is conscious and alert. the patient appears to weigh in excess of 350 pounds your first action should be to?

request additional personnel before making any attempt to lift him

you have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40 year old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 you should:

request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine

Most terrorist attacks:

require multiple terrorists working together

In contrast to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation:

requires a lower energy setting.

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

A Level 4 hazardous material:

requires specialized gear designed for protection against that particular hazard

The amount of air that remain is the lungs simply to keep them open is called:

residual volume

How does respiration differ from ventilation

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

In MOST cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

respiratory arrest.

which of the following conditions would most likely affect the entire brain?

respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

respiratory or circulatory failure

A patient whose mental status can be described as "verbal" is able to:

respond to speaking or shouting by opening the eyes.

8 months

responds to "no" can sit alone, plays peek a boo

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

10 months

responds to name, crawls

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include

restlessness

When a female has reached menarche

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse

shins

According to the JumpSTART triage system, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands, including children with special needs:

should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage.

When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the:

shoulder girdle

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt

Which of your senses can be safely used to identify a HazMat incident?

sight and sound

The use of lights and siren on an ambulance:

signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way.

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:

signs and symptoms of shock.

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a

single-issue group

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

sinoatrial (SA) node.

The electrical of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial node

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

sitting up at a 45° angle.

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

skeletal

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?

skeletal muscle

Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?

skeletal system

The primary route of exposure of vesicant agents is the:

skin

The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to phosgene oxime is:

skin blistering

Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT:

skin blisters

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

skull sutures

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column

5 months

sleeps thought night; can tell family from strangers

The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person:

sleeps.

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

When being tailgated by another vehicle while responding to an emergency call, you should:

slow down and allow the driver to pass you.

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

slow.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system

slows the heart and respiratory rates.

Moderate elevation in intracranial pressure with middle brain stem involvement is characterized by:

sluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and posturing.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:

small intestine

A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

smallpox

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

smooth

Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies?

snake bite kit

Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent?

soman

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

somatic

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:

somatic nervous system

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal cord injury

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant(LUQ) of the abdomen?

spleen

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments

sprain

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is not moving and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and open his airway

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:

stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

The ____ area is where incoming ambulances meet and await further instructions at the scene of a mass casualty incident

staging

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

The EMT's role at the scene of a search and rescue attempt is to

stand by at the command post until the person is located

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should:

start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.

An unresponsible 54-year-old male was found by family in his bed. They state that he has not been feeling well and complained of chest pain before going to bed approximately one hour ago. According to family, he has no prior medical history and does not take any medications. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions. When performing the secondary assessment on this patient, the EMT should:

start by examining the patient's head.

11 months

starts to walk, frustrated with restrictions

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

stimulate the vagus nerve

A critical function of the safety officer is to:

stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger.

While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should:

stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing

The purpose of defibrillation is to

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:

stretch receptors in the chest wall detect that the lungs are too full

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

striated

which of the following wounds indicates swelling of the upper airway

stridor

Cardiac output(CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate

What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

subcutaneous

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called

subcutaneous emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:

subcutaneous emphysema

Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:

substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked

sucking reflex

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

you are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. she is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing as a normal rate with adequate depth. you should

suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

During delivery of the baby's head, you should suction the mouth before the nose because

suctioning the nose first may cause the baby to gasp and aspirate fluid.

which of the following clinical signs would be most suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery?

sudden, severe headache

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fontanelles

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

superficial.

Trendelenburg's position is most accurately defined as a:

supine position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" higher than the head

While drinking beer with his friends near a creek, a 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

As you and your team are removing an unconscious patient from her wrecked car, you note that she has closed deformities to both of her legs and a deformity to her left humerus. You should

support the injured extremities and continue removal

Your primary concern when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is

surveying the are for harzards

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when

the intercostal muscles contract.

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract.

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct?

the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt

Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:

the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood

When determining the exact location and position of the patient(s) in a wrecked vehicle, you and your team should routinely consider all of the following, EXCEPT

the make and model of the vehicle

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

the medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm

During delivery, it is MOST important to position your partner at the mother's head because

the mother may become nauseated and vomit.

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

a transient ischemic attack occurs when

the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

the overlying skin is no longer intact.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

the patient is clinically unstable.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

the patient is experiencing a new health problem

Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:

the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.

Abruprio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall

In contrast to a placenta previa, a placenta abruptio occurs when

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

vomiting and diarrhea

which of the following groups is considered a "toddler"

1-3 years

Nasal cannula flow

1-6 L/min 24%-44% O2 delivered

when administering epinephrine via auto injector, you should hold the injector in place for

10 second

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

Nonrebreathing mask flow

10-15 L/min up to 90% O2

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed

100 beats/min

Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weight approximately _____ per cubic foot

100 lb

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. whole blood. D. red blood cells.

A. plasma.

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?

External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

When parking your ambulance at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you should position the ambulance:

100′ past the scene on the same side of the road

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:

12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Which age group is most fixated on public image and terrified of being embarrassed

12-18

normal respiratory rate

12-20 breaths/min Adults 15-30 breaths/min children 25-50 breaths/min infants

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:

Facilitates moment through the digestive system

_______________ information on a PCR may lead to revocation of EMT certification as well as possible criminal charges.

Falsified

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:

13

Typically medivac helicopters fly between:

130 to 150 mph

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

14

Bag-mask device with reservoir

15 L/min nearly 100%

Mouth to mask device

15 L/min, nearly 55%

When pulling a patient you should extend your arms no more than.

15'" to 20 " in front of your torso

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _____ seconds following birth.

15-30

What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR?

15:2

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately

16 hours

What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered during mouth-to-mask breathing without supplemental oxygen?

16%

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

18%

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age

18, 6

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years.

THe human body should be functioning at its optimal level in what age group?

19-40 years

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds

What is a normal capillary refill time in a pediatric patient?

2 seconds

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:

2 seconds

An apneic infant or child should be ventilated a maximum of _______ times per minute

20

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

20 g

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55 year old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to

Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

Which of the following is an appropriate method for an EMT to use when attempting to gauge a 6-month-old infant's mental status?

Flick the heel of the infant.

Which of the following is the correct manner for checking for responsiveness in an apparently unresponsive infant?

Flicking the soles of the feet

Which of the following statements regarding communications at a disaster or mass-casualty incident is correct?

If possible, use face-to-face communications to minimize radio traffic

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

b. Repeat the primary assessment

A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to

maintain stabilization of the spine at all times

General principles for approaching a potential HazMat incident include:

maintaining a safe distance and viewing the scene with binoculars.

The lower jawbone is called the

mandible.

which of the following medications is not used to treat patients with a history of seizures?

Dilaudid

The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:

manubrium

People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years.

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

mastoid

The upper jawbones are called the.

maxillae.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:

maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath.

Lacerations to the scalp

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

Lacerations to the scalp:

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

may be relatively painless.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

Disconnect the ventilator and use a bag-mask device.

Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?

Does your mother have diabetes?

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

"Serving the needs of the patient with respect for human dignity, without regard to nationality, race, gender, creed, or status," is part of the EMT's:

Ethical responsibilities

A term for treatments backed by research that proves interventions have positive effects in patient care is:

Evidence-based medicine.

An enhanced 9-1-1 system allows the emergency dispatcher to:

Immediately access the phone number and address from which the call is being made.

You are dispatched for a patient who called 9-1-1 after a "fall from a ladder." Upon your arrival, the patient admits to being injured during a domestic dispute. The patient also tells you that the spouse is still in the home. What should you do?

Immediately leave the scene and contact law enforcement.

You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first?

Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver.

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption

Oral

Which of the following statements regarding the power lift is correct?

It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient.

Which one of the following about breathing rates must the EMT remember when assessing the respiration of a pediatric patient.

It is usually faster than that of an adult.

What is the function of the left atrium?

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

It is 10:30pm and you have requested air medical transport for a critically injured patient. When you arrive at the designated landing zone, you should?

Survey the area for power lines or other hazards

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is MOST correct?

Survival rates decrease by 7% to 10% for each minute that V-fib persists.

Activated charcoal is an example of

Suspension

The patient narrative contains detailed information about the patient. When writing the narrative portion of your PCR, keep in mind that:

Symptoms are subjective findings, while signs are objective findings.

Determining how long a patient has been in cardiac arrest before CPR is initiated is easier if an EMS system uses ______ clocks.

Synchronous

Emergency care personnel should be checked for _______________ annually by undergoing a purified protein derivative (PPD) test.

TB

In the primary assessment, which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of assessing the patient's circulatory status?

Taking a blood pressure reading

In EMS, which of the following BEST describes the term intervention?

Taking steps to correct a problem

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time , such as a nitroglycerin it nicotine patch

Transcutaneous

TIA is a commonlly accepted abbreviation for

Transient ischemic attack.

Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell a couple of feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given?

Transport priority

A medical facility for specialized treatment of serious injuries that generally exceed most hospital emergency departments' capabilities is commonly known as a:

Trauma Center

To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen.

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

abdominal or joint pain.

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

abduction

a patient who is experiencing receptive aphasia is

able to speak clearly but has difficulty understanding

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard?

abnormal spinal curvature

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following except:

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum

activated charcoal administration in contraindicated in patients who have ingested

acids or alkalis

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

it is MOST important to determine a patients weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because

activated charcoal is given based on a patients weight

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

acute anxiety

A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is:

acute cholecystitis.

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:

may lose sensation below level of injury

Adequate Breathing

-normal rate-12-20breaths/min -regular pattern on inhale/exhale -clear and equal lung sounds on both sides of the chest -regular and equal chest rise and fall adequate depth (tidal volume)

causes of airway obstruction

-relaxation of the tongue in an unresponsive patient -foreign objects-food, small toys dentures -blood clots, broken teeth, or damaged oral tissue following trauma -airway tissue swelling- infection, allergic reaction -aspirated vomitus

Which one of the following statements made by an EMT shows he correctly understands capillary refill?

"For a capillary refill test to be normal for a child, it must be assessed at room temperature and be less than two seconds."

On scene you find a 91-year-old female who fell down two steps after suddenly complaining of a severe headache. She is unresponsive with gurgling respiration. What instructions should you immediately give your partner?

"Get the suction out and clear out the airway."

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

"Have you had a sonogram?"

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

"How much Tylenol do you take each day?

You are interviewing a prospective candidate for the position of EMT with your service. During the interview, you ask the applicant to describe the purpose of the primary assessment. Which statement best describes that purpose?

"Identify and treat life-threatening conditions."

The EMT is using the OPQRST mnemonic to gather information from a patient with abdominal pain. Which one of the following patient statements is a response to the letter "P" in this memory aid?

"It hurts worse when I take a deep breath."

Which one of the following statements made by the EMT indicates that he has appropriately initiated the first phase of the patient assessment?

"The scene appears to be free of hazards."

syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it

may result in aspiration of vomitus

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm

may rise as high as the nipple line.

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava

2 months

recognize ramilair faces, track objects with eyes

the EMTs primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to

recognize that a poisoning has occurred

Clingy behavior and fear of unfamiliar places and people, which usually occurs between ages 10 and 18 months, is called...

separation anxiety

The cervical spine is composed of ______vertebrae.

seven

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?

severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

which of the following conditions is not a common cause of seizures?

severe hypovolemia

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39 year old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction.as you are assessing her, she pulls out epinephrine auto injector out of her purse and hand it to you. After administering 100% Oxygen you should:

...

Critical time of lack of oxygen

0-1min: cardiac irritability 0-4min: brain damage not likely 4-6min: brain damage possible 6-10min: brain damage very likely Over 10min: irreversible brain damage

the adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers _____mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto injector delivers _______ mg.

0.3,0.15

Level ___ hazardous materials would cause irritation on contact but only mild residual injury, even without treatment

1

A disposable oxygen humidifier should be considered for ambulance services that often transport patients on runs longer than:

1 hour

the effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration

1 minute

Inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by...

-hypovolemia -anemia -severe peripheral vasoconstriction (chronic hypoxia, smoking, or hypothermia) -time delay in detecting respiratory insufficiency -dark or metallic nail polish -dirty fingers -carbon monoxide poisoning

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

1 month

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger

For which of the following patients would capillary refill be a reliable sign of circulatory status?

A 3-year-old child with a fever and cough

Which patient is at the highest risk for a pulmonary embolism?

A 71- year old male with recent surgery to a lower extremity.

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

9-1-1 calls placed on cellular phones are normally routed to:

A central dispatch location.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?

A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?

A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes.

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct?

A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column

A significant number of patients with cerebral palsy also have:

A seizure disorder.

Which of the following is the most reliable means of determining whether a patient has any immediately life-threatening conditions? A systematic approach to

A systematic approach to assessment

The chemical attacks that occurred in Tokyo between 1994 qnd 1995 were carried out by a:

A violent religious group

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

A) a 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree CORRECT B) a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed C) a 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet D) a 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the:

A) alveoli. B) trachea. CORRECT C) epiglottis. D) bronchioles.

On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device?

A) an 8-year-old female with respiratory failure CORRECT B) a 21-year-old male with traumatic cardiac arrest C) a 38-year-old apneic female with blunt chest trauma D) a 59-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

A) lungs B) larynx C) bronchioles CORRECT D) esophagus

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases: A. blood is shunted away from the skin. B. decreased cardiac contractility occurs. C. blood is diverted to the gastrointestinal tract. D. the voluntary nervous system releases hormones.

A. blood is shunted away from the skin.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: A. determine if she was injured when she fainted. B. provide emotional support regarding her sister. C. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. D. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history.

A. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

Neurogenic shock occurs when: A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. D. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.

A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

Shock is the result of: A. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body. B. the body's maintenance of homeostasis. C. temporary dysfunction of a major organ. D. widespread constriction of the blood vessels.

A. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body.

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: A. septic shock. B. pump failure. C. a local infection. D. decompensated shock.

A. septic shock.

a generalized seizure is characterized by

severe twitching of all the body's muscles

An EMT who turns the care of a multisystem trauma patient over to a doctor of dermatology has:

Abandoned the patient.

If you stop providing care to a patient without ensuring that equivalent or better care would be provided, you could be legally liable for:

Abandonment

_______ is said to occur when care has been initiated and an EMT then leaves a patient without assuring that the patient has been turned over to someone with equal or greater medical training.

Abandonment

Situations that involve ________ may require that the EMT provide additional documentation beyond the PCR.

Abuse/neglect

______ is defined as the ability to reach the patient

Access

Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored?

According to the urgency and frequency of their use

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient high glow oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, an advanced EMT should be trained to:

Administer medications intravenously.

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called

Adsorption

Suctioning time limits

Adult 15 seconds Child 10 seconds Infant 5 seconds

ventilation rates

Adult-1 breath per 5 to 6 seconds Child-1 breath per 3 to 5 seconds Infant-1 breath per 3-5 seconds

A(n) _______________, instructions written in advance against resuscitation and signed by the patient, is a legally recognized document allowing the health care provider to withhold resuscitation from a chronically or terminally ill patient.

Advanced directive

The EMT is to act as a(n) _______ for the patient.

Advocate

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

Aging is a linear process; the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

An EMT is assessing a nine-month-old infant who is "not acting right" per his mother. Assessment reveals him to be extremely irritable, crying, and shows he does not want to be touched by the EMT. Which one of the following best describes this infant's mental status.

Alert.

Which of the following indicates a possible circulatory problem?

All of the above

Which of the following is a good indication of an open airway?

All of the above

Which of the following refers to the steps taken to assess and treat any life-threatening problems?

All of the above

Which of the following techniques is used when formulating the general impression?

All of the above

The LEAST harmful form of ionizing radiation is?

Alpha

Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following statements regarding the meter-does inhaler is correct

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used

Which of the following patients is a high priority for transport?

An adult male with difficulty breathing

A situation that often produces an extreme level of stress for the EMT is:

An emergency involving infants and children.

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct?

An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

One step that can be taken to help reduce or prevent errors that may jeopardize your patient's safety can be to:

Ask for assistance if needed.

Your patient is a 72-year-old female who has "twisted her ankle" coming down some steps. She is alert and complaining of pain in her right ankle, but she jokes about her "clumsiness." Which of the following should you do next?

Ask if the patient has pain anywhere besides her ankle.

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular and he has a strong cry. What should you do next?

Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse.

The EMT's patient is a 45 year old female with a severe headache. The EMT will perform which one of the following techniques when conducting her secondary assessment?

Assess the head, evaluate vital signs, and continue emergency care.

The "A" in the SOAP assessment acronym stands for

Assessment

A 62 year old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should

Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100

A 37 year old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patients car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of

Asthma

A major division of a PCR is the patient's vital signs. Which of the following is true regarding this division of the PCR?

At least two complete sets of vital signs should be taken and recorded.

During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked?

At the radial artery

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if

Authorization from medical control has been obtained

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

Avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. C. severe septic hypoperfusion. D. a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? A. severe vomiting B. liver laceration C. excessive sweating D. repeated diarrhea

B. liver laceration

A state of exhaustion and irritability that can markedly decrease one's effectiveness in delivering emergency medical care is referred to as:

Burnout

_______ is a state of exhaustion, irritability, and fatigue brought about by work-related problems.

Burnout

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? A. bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation B. widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection C. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation D. viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction

C. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. anaphylactic shock.

C. cardiogenic shock.

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: A. form a general impression. B. call for an ALS ambulance. C. follow standard precautions. D. ask bystanders what happened.

C. follow standard precautions.

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: A. heart attack. B. increased afterload. C. increased preload. D. poor contractility.

C. increased preload.

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct? A. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. B. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure. C. Anaphylactic shock is the result of immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. D. Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

D. Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

Capillary sphincters are: A. under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system. B. capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs. C. responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cell perfusion. D. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

D. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: A. hypovolemia. B. tachycardia. C. diaphoresis. D. hypothermia.

D. hypothermia.

You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unconscious. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?

Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.

When dealing with a dying patient, it is important to:

Explain what has happened

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should: A. perform a head-to-toe exam. B. allow him to drink plain water. C. obtain a repeat blood pressure in 5 minutes. D. prepare for immediate transport.

D. prepare for immediate transport.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? A. 100% oxygen administration B. full immobilization of her spine C. application of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) D. rapid transport to a trauma center

D. rapid transport to a trauma center

All of the following conditions would make you suspect shock, EXCEPT: A. anaphylaxis. B. heart attack. C. severe infection. D. tachycardia.

D. tachycardia.

Distributive shock occurs when: A. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

A(n) _______ is a legal document usually signed by the patient and his or her physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts.

DNR

a 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. the patients wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. this patient is Most likely experiencing

DT's

If dependent lividity is present, it can be assumed that the patient is:

Deceased

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Releasing information to the public in either a written or spoken format that is construed to be damaging to a person's character or reputation or standing within the community is called:

Defamation

_______________ after a critical incident usually take(s) place at a meeting held within 1 to 4 hours following the incident.

Defusing

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an implanted pacemaker. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

The National Highway Safety Act charged the _______________ with developing an EMS system and upgrading prehospital emergency care.

Department of Transportation

The stage of dying during which the patient may become silent, distant, sad, and despairing about things left undone is the _____ stage.

Depression

Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?

Diabetic coma typically develops over a period of hours or days.

A(n) _______ is a legal term used to describe an obligation to provide emergency care to a patient.

Duty to act

A 9-1-1 system that allows the call taker to automatically view the caller's location and phone number is known as:

E 9-1-1

Of the four nationally recognized levels of EMS training, which is the most basic?

EMR

Among the sources used to define the EMT's scope of practice is the:

EMS system's medical director.

All of the following are components to establishing negligence EXCEPT the:

EMT was on duty with a paid EMS service (not volunteer).

Transporting a patient to one hospital instead of another based solely on the patient's ability to pay may be a violation of:

EMTALA

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mother experience:

Easier breathing

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

The 9-1-1 dispatchers who are specially trained to give prearrival instructions to callers, such as how to control bleeding or how to perform, CPR are called:

Emergency medical dispatchers.

You are treating a 45 year old woman who was stung by a hornet and ha a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is un labored, and her blood pressure is 154/94mm. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control ?

Give her oxygen,transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct

Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic

Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:

Glucotrol.

_______ have been developed by states to minimize the risk of being held liable for individuals providing emergency care to victims of illness or injury.

Good Samaritan laws

Professional attributes are important to maximize your effectiveness as an EMT. Meeting the physical demands of the job includes:

Good eyesight and color vision.

Which of the following statements regarding trench rescue is correct?

Ground vibration is a primary cause of secondary collapse.

Patients with autism:

Have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps.

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

Have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a patient who has a mental status of less than "awake"?

He is in a state of rapid eye movement sleep.

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

Headache and edema

The person who is legally designated to make health-care decisions for the patient if the patient is unable to do so is called a(n):

Health-care proxy.

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is correct?

Hearing aids cannot restore hearing to normal levels.

What type of protective gloves should be worn when cleaning the ambulance and equipment?

Heavy-duty, tear-resistant, rubber-type gloves

Recommended immunizations for active-duty EMTs include:

Hepatitis B vaccine.

Emergency medical care has developed from the days when the local funeral home provided ambulance service to the current, modern emergency medical services (EMS) system. Major improvements in emergency medical care over the years include all of the following EXCEPT:

Higher speed and a lights-and-siren response to all calls

The first priority of the EMT in maintaining safety for people at the scene of an emergency is:

His or Herselfs

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed.

I

Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?

I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."

Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren on the ambulance is correct?

If it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand

You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree—one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance?

Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench

When a patient is unable to make a rational decision regarding consenting to emergency care, the EMT may care for the patient based on:

Implied consent

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct:

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

Administrative information in the Department of Transportation's (DOT's) minimum data set includes the time the:

Incident was reported.

The critical incident stress debriefing (CISD):

Includes a teaching phase conducted by skilled professionals.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include?

Increased stability due to a wider wheelbase

Personal protective equipment is used as a barrier against:

Infection

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medication via the

Intranasal route

Which of the following medications routes would be the most appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained

Intraosseous (IO)

Which of the following is the most rapidly acting medication administration route?

Intravenous(IV)

When a parent or guardian is not present, care may be given to a child or mentally incompetent adult in cases of life-threatening illness or injury based on _______ consent.

Involuntary

An important thing for the EMT to remember about stress is that it:

Is a natural reaction

By placing one hand on top of your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

Is sick.

Which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct?

It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest.

You have been called for an 83-year-old female who is having difficulty breathing. She informs you that she has congestive heart failure and feels as though she is filled up with fluid. The primary assessment shows her to be alert and oriented with inadequate breathing. Her pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and dry. When performing a secondary assessment, which one of the following signs related to heart failure would you specifically look for when examining the patient's neck?

Jugular vein distention.

The best defense for lawsuits relating to the care provided a patient is to:

Keep your patient's best interests in mind when rendering care.

Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the:

Kehr sign.

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

To avoid infectious diseases, the EMT should wear protective clothing, such as:

Latex Glove

An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?

Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.

Your work uniform is an example of what level of protection?

Level D protection

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

Lighting often results in a brief period of asystole that resolves spontaneously.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA):

Limits the discussion of patient-specific information only with individuals with whom it is medically necessary to do so.

To help reduce the emotional burden of the dying patient, you should:

Listen empathetically to the patient, and honor the patient's requests.

A patient has called 911 for abdominal pain and generalized weakness. On arrival you note that the patient's skin is a yellow-orange color. Which one of the following diseases revealed to you during the history would best correlate to this patient' skin.

Liver disease.

The document that is most often used to cover general health-care issues, including the use of long-term life support equipment, is called a(n):

Living will

A 26-year-old male has been ejected from a car after it rolled several times in the median of the interstate. As you perform the primary assessment, you find him prone and unresponsive. You immediate action is to:

Log roll him supine.

The warning signs of stress include:

Loss of sexual desire or interest.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease.

_______ is one way EMTs can work toward quality care and protect themselves legally.

Maintaining good documentation practices

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it

May cause harm or have no positive effect

The PCR has many different functions. The functions for the report listed in your text include all of the following uses EXCEPT:

Medical

A physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of an EMS system is known as the system's:

Medical Director

The EMT gains the authority to render care from the:

Medical Director

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration provides a set of recommended standards for EMS systems called the "Technical Assistance Program Assessment Standards." These ten standards include:

Medical direction.

The _______ is a physician who assumes the legal responsibility for the patient care aspects of an EMS system.

Medical director

Lifestyle changes can help you deal with stress. These changes include:

Meditation

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.

Which of the following statements regarding twins is MOST correct?

Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.

When gathering a patients medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix,Mortion,and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over the counter(OCT)

Motrin

Expressed consent:

Must be obtained from every conscious, mentally competent adult before treatment is started.

If an EMT has a duty to act, but does not provide the standard of care, he or she may be accused of:

Negligence

To stabilize the cervical spine of a trauma patient while simultaneously opening the airway, how should you position your head?

Neutral and in-line.

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

An alert and oriented 69-year old female is complaining of low, right-sided abdominal pain. She describes the pain as "knife-like" and states that it started suddenly one hour ago. Her only medical history is hypertension for which she takes the medication enalapril. Which one of the following assessment findings shows that the EMT is appropriately assessing this patient?

No abdominal guarding is noted.

During your primary assessment, you find your patient's skin to be warm, pink, and dry. This should seemingly indicate:

Normal circulation.

While providing patient care at a secured crime scene, you should:

Not cut through holes in clothing possibly caused by bullets or stabbing.

During the transport of a patient to the hospital, you should always:

Notify the receiving facility of the nature and extent of injuries.

Which of the following words best describes the type of information gathered when documenting vital signs?

Objective

Information that is measurable or verifiable in some way is called:

Objective information.

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

Observe for any conditions that may make the scene unsafe

Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then:

Observe the scene for safety hazards

Which of the following is NOT assessed during the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?

Obtaining a pulse oximetry reading

Which of the following is NOT performed during the "Airway" phase of the primary assessment?

Obtaining the respiratory rate

The U.S. Department of _______________ guidelines require that certain precautions be taken to prevent the transmission of disease through contact with body fluids.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct?

Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed.

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Older patients tend to use more lethal means that younger patients

Direct contact, by telephone or radio, with a physician to obtain guidance in emergency care is called:

Online Medical Direction

Orders from the on-duty physician given by radio or phone are referred to as:

Online Medical Direction

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has been ejected from his vehicle during a high-speed collision. During your general assessment it is discovered that he is not moving, does not appear to have adequate respiration, and has suffered a large amount of external bleeding. Which of the following should be done first?

Open the airway.

You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back, has vomited, and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next?

Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

The "R" in the mnemonic CHART stands for:

Rx

To assess a patient in the field setting, in what order would the EMT perform this task?

Scene size-up primary assessment, secondary assessment.

Children begin to develop their self-concept and self-esteem during what period of growth?

School age

The actions and care that are legally allowed for the EMT are called the:

Scope of practice

_______ refers to the actions that an EMT is allowed and supposed to perform while caring for an injured or ill patient.

Scope of practice

The EMT recognizes that for a trauma patient who is alert and oriented, he should obtain the history during what component of a patient assessment?

Secondary assessment.

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Secondary sexual development begins.

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as

Seizures that result from severe hypertension

Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?

Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.

You arrive at the scene of a fall, where a 42-year-old woman fell backward off a step-ladder while cleaning windows in her kitchen. She is lying on the floor complaining of pain to her ankle. She tells you, "If I had just gone to work today instead of using vacation time, this never would have happened!" Based on information thus far, which one of the following can you conclude?

She is alert with an open airway.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Shock.

After taking Benadryl for an allergic reaction a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of an

Side effect

The "S" in SAMPLE stands for:

Sign

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct?

Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast

A type of immunity that protects governmentally run EMS services from being sued by persons they treat is called:

Sovereign immunity

The care that would be expected to have been provided to the same patient under the same circumstances by another EMT who had received the same training is called the:

Standard of care.

Off-line medical control for an EMT is provided by a physician through:

Standing Orders

Off-line medical direction may be provided through:

Standing orders.

The process by which an object is subject to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms on its surface is called:

Sterilization.

While you are performing a secondary assessment, your trauma patient complains of the sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Which of the following is your most appropriate response?

Stop your exam and provide appropriate care.

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the emt

Sublingually

As you perform the primary assessment on an unresponsive patient, you discover vomitus in her airway. Which one of the following should you do next?

Suction the airway.

In contrast to a living will, a DNR order becomes valid when:

The patient develops cardiac arrest

Which of the following findings is NOT used to assess an adult's circulation?

The patient's capillary refill time

In EMS, what does mental status refer to?

The patient's level of awareness of his surroundings

The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following?

The patient's level of responsiveness

Which of the following is NOT part of the general impression?

The patient's past medical history

The Department of Transportation's minimum data set for patient information gathered by the EMT includes:

The patient's respiratory rate and effort.

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is MOST correct?

The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.

Which of the following is true concerning the primary assessment?

The primary assessment begins by just observing the patient as you enter the room.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Which of following statement regard the rapid extrication technique is correct?

The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle

Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct?

The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle

Which of the following describes the chief complaint?

The reason why the patient summoned EMS

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

The term pharmacology is most accurately defined as

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

Which of the following conditions does NOT require intervention in the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?

There is not enough information to answer this question.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

Which of the following is the purpose of the primary assessment?

To detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems

Why does the DOT require a minimum data set on all prehospital care reports (PCRs)?

To standardize a higher level of patient care

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hyperthyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

The DOPE mnemonic is used when assessing patients with:

a tracheostomy tube.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

a triplication of chromosome 21.

CPR should be initiated when:

a valid living will is unavailable.

Signs of late heatstroke include:

a weak, rapid pulse.

a raised,swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called

a wheal

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

a. Apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

a. Apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

a. Compression of the head against the roof

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

a. Cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

a. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

a. Energy transmission to the spine

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a. Gastrointestinal bleeding.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

a. Has a history of eye surgeries.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

a. Irrigating his right eye laterally.

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

a. Open his airway and assess his breathing status

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

a. Pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20' and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

a. Rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

a. Suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

a. Transport to a trauma center.

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:

applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg.

Common activities that occur while you and your partner are en route to the scene of an emergency call include all of the following, EXCEPT:

apprising the medical director of the nature of the call

When a helicopter must land on a grade (uneven ground), you should

approach the aircraft from the downhill side

When approaching a developmentally disabled patient, the best plan of action is to:

approach the patient as you would any other patient.

The skin lesions associated with smallpox:

are identical in there development

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they

are in denial

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitonel organs because they:

are located behind the abdominal cavity

Unlike viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins

are not contagious

a patient experiencing minor head injuries should still be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

are taking blood thinners

in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

Unlike bacterial agents, viral agents:

are usually not treatable

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage.

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

ashen

you respond to the residence of a 55 year old female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she has ate approximately 30 minutes ago. the patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticarial and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. as your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should

ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine

a 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. as your partner is applying oxygen, it is most important for you to

ask his wife when she noticed symptoms

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

Your unit has been dispatched to stand by at the scene of a structure fire. There are no injuries of which you are aware. Upon arriving at the scene, you should

ask the incident commander where the ambulance should be staged.

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should

ask the patient if he can unlock the door

when assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

Which of the following medications is commonly given to patients with chest pain to prevent blood clots from forming or getting bigger?

aspirin

a patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and a high fever should be suspected of ingesting a significant quantity of

aspirin

Which of the following is an example of a drugs generic name

asprin

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

You and your partner arrive at the scene where a truck has crashed into a small building, injuring eight people. You immediately request additional ambulances and begin the triage process. The first patient that you triage is a young female who is unconscious and apneic. She has an open head injury and her pulse is weak and thready. You should:

assign her a low priority and continue triaging.

While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert , and breathing; his bilateral radial pulses; and has points to his severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should:

assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients

a 38 year old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has rapid, thready pule. she has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. you should:

assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

assist his ventilations with 100% oxygen.

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. she is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. there is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. you should:

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

you are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39 year old female who is sick. when you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. she is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. you quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. initial management for this patient should include

assisted ventilation with bag mask device

you and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen, and propoxyphene (daron). the patient is unresponsive , his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. treatment for this patient with include

assisted ventilation, naloxone (narcan), and rapid transport

A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes:

assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to applying 100% oxygen, you should:

b. Prepare for immediate transport

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head

you respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. after law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patients dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed, he appears agitated. as you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. he is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110. treatment for this patient includes

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen is tolerated

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

Both areas of the pons are used to:

augment respiration's during emotional or physical stress

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:

automaticity.

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

autonomic

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

autonomic nervous system.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to

avoid contaminating yourself

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should

avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion.

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

b. 30%

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

b. Giving him small sips of plain water.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12', landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

b. Immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

b. Immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

b. Lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

b. Neck and facial fractures

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

b. Padding between the ear and the scalp

When transporting a patient to the hospital, you should:

be safe and get the patient to the hospital in the shortest practical time

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED

A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay.

Following proper decontamination, a 30 year old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:

begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should:

begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

begin ventilatory assistance.

The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated

behind the medial malleolus.

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's

belly button

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

beta-1 receptors

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?

beta-blockers medications

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear- ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substance because because it

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the

birth canal

the major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is:

black stools

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the MOST readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance?

bleeding control supplies

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

blindness

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance for a 30-year-old man who they pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should:

limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during CPR by:

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

linear

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:

lips.

The_____fills the entire anteroposterier depth of the right upper quadrant(RUQ) of the abdomen.

liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

liver

Which of the following organs would be MOST likely to bleed profusely if injured?

liver

individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the

liver

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction

an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will most likely cause

liver failure

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the:

liver.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

local swelling and ecchymosis

If the incident command system (ICS) is already established at the scene of a WMD or terrorist attack, the EMT should:

locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury?

long backboard

A strangulated hernia is one that

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID?

lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the

lumbar spine.

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because the:

lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct

lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment

Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?

lungs

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

you arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized seizure. she has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. after protecting her from further injury, you should:

maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen

a 48 year old male is found in the garden by his wife. when you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, his severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. you should:

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations

A 50-year-old female is entrapped in her passenger car after it struck a tree. As the rescue team is preparing to extricate her, you quickly asses her and determine that she is breathing shallowly and that her radial pulse is absent. You should

maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks' pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should:

place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

plantar

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called

pleurisy.

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

pneumothorax.

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

point tenderness.

which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?

poisoning

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction called:

polypharmacy

The patient's family states that their 16-year-old daughter has a history of asthma and has been complaining of shortness of breath for the past two days. She has been taking her metered-dose inhaler with some relief, but today they found her lethargic and struggling to breathe in bed. Your assessment reveals her to be responsive to verbal stimuli with an open airway and respiration's of 36 per minute. You hear minimal bilateral wheezing. Your immediate action in caring for this patient is to:

provide positive pressure ventilation.

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothing, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/mins following delivery, you should:

provide ventilations for 30 seconds

Which of the following is a typical function of the rescue team?

providing safe entry and access to patients

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

proximal femur.

9 months

pulls self up, places objects in mouth to explore them

Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?

pulmonary

When introduced into the body, ricin causes?

pulmonary edema and circulatory failure.

The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:

pulmonary edema.

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

pulmonary embolism.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

pulmonary veins

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pulse strength

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should

puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should

push the infant's head away from the cord

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by:

pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:

radiating

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

radiation.

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

rapid breathing.

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

rapid eye movement

in the immediate postictal state you should anticipate

rapid, deep respirations and fast heart rate

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

4 months

reaches out to people; drools

After assisting your patient with his or her nitroglycerin, you should

reassess the blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

When caring for an elderly patient who is hearing-impaired, you should:

recall that elderly patients have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries

When an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is MOST important to:

recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions.

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

reticular activating system

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

retina.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing

retrograde amnesia

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

All of the following biologic agents or diseases can be transmitted from person to person, EXCEPT:

ricin

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the

right atrium.

Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest with one pad to the

right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the left and below the left nipple.

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right side cerebrum

When working at the scene of a motor vehicle crash at night, you should NOT use:

road flares

An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

rooting reflex

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

rovide emotional support en route to the hospital.

The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

sacrum

Signs and symptoms of exposure to a nerve agent include:

salivation, pinpoint pupils, and diarrhea.

All of the following are vesicant agents, EXCEPT

sarin

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

scapulae and clavicles.

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?

schizophrenia

A person who is 6 to 12 years of age

school age

the stinger from a honeybee should be

scraped away from the skin

When victims involved in a mass-casualty incident are moved to the treatment area

secondary triage is performed and the appropriate treatment is rendered

A bond between an infant and his/her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his/her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his/her needs and take care of him/her when he or she needs help

secure attachment

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to

seep out of the blood vessels and tissues.

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children

seesaw respirations

in an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil) at present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. her blood pressure is 90/50 her pulse is 140 and irregular , and her respirations are 22 breaths with adequate depth. when transporting this patient, you should be most alert for

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias

Which of the following situations would require an urgent patient move?

semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock

What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

sensory

Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?

sensory

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:

suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:

sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

swimmer hyperventilates before entering water

Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?

systemic head-to-toe examination

When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

systolic blood pressure

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:

systolic pressure

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

tachycardia

signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose includes

tachycardia

a patient experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure exhibits

tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, and intense salivation

You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should:

tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient.

After recognizing that an incident involves a hazardous material, you should contact the hazardous materials team and then:

take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others.

When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:

take quick short breaths

6 months

teething begins, sits upright in a chair, one-syllable words spoken

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

tendons

The theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

terminal drop hypothesis

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because:

terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb

The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates

that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

The reference used as a base for your initial actions at a HazMat incident is/are:

the Emergency Response Guidebook.

Situational awareness is MOST accurately defined as

the ability to recognize any possible issues once you arrive at the scene and act proactively to avoid a negative impact

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

the arteries contact to increase the blood pressure

When the myocardium requires more oxygen

the arteries supplying the heart dilate.

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

the arteries supplying the heart dilate.

The third stage of labor begins when the

the baby is expelled from the vagina

a unique consideration when dealing with a hybrid vehicle is that:

the battery has higher amperes than a traditional vehicle battery

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Heatstroke occurs when

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:

the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

25%

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years.

3

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months.

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min.

60

Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child?

82 mm Hg

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb

40

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between:

6 months and 6 years

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with:

alcohol

Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

an ineffective cough

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse

consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport.

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

attempt to resuscitate the patient

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of

bleeding in the brain

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should:

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise

Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with:

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

drooling or congestion

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase.

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

grunting

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she

has a history suggestive of a serious illness

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible

When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen:

he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults.

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

his or her tidal volume is adequate

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the:

intercostal muscles are not well developed

The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if:

the car seat is visibly damaged

Febrile seizures in a child:

may indicate a serious underlying illness

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical.

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration

A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should:

monitor her airway and give oxygen

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

nausea and vomiting

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should

place him or her on a firm surface

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

pneumonia

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would most likely predispose the older patient to:

pneumonia

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

positioning, ice packs, and emotional support.

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called

retracting

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

secure the torso before the head

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

severe hypoxia and bradycardia

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

sexual activity

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

she became dizzy or fainted before falling

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

slowed level of activity

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

stridor

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would most likely have to:

use a scoop stretcher instead of a log roll

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing