The Cold War
Chiang Kai-shek
His secret police opened fire on people demonstrating against high food prices.
What reason did many in the Senate give for their strong opposition to SALT II?
It put the United States at a military disadvantage.
After WWII, Germany and ________ were similar to each other because part of each country was democratic and part was Communist.
Korea
By 1945 much of northern China was under Communist control. The main reason for this is that _________ and his Communists treated the people better than the Nationalists did. The Communists encouraged people to learn how to read. They also helped farmers learn how to increase their food production.
Mao Zedong
What led many Chinese people to prefer Mao Zedong's government over Chiang Kai-Shek's government?
Mao Zedong treated the people better.
What started the Korean War?
North Korea invaded South Korea
United States
Responsible for: Telstar relayed live television across the Atlantic Ocean; The first people were sent to the moon in 1969.
After McCarthy made his allegations against the US Army, there was a nationally televised _________ investigation. In this investigation, McCarthy bullied the witnesses, but he was criticized for this behavior. Three years after this event, McCarthy died a broken man.
Senate
What was one result of the space race?
Universities expanded their science programs.
When Nixon became president in 1969, he aimed to end Cold War tensions. One of his main goals was to somehow obtain an honorable peace in _______ so American troops could come home.
Vietnam
What is NATO?
a defensive military alliance of western nations
Gorbachev took many steps to make changes in the Soviet Union. He promoted a policy known as glasnot, which in English means "openness." Under this new policy, Gorbachev allowed open criticism of the Soviet government and granted limited ___________.
freedom of the press
When Truman signed the National Security Act in 1947, the United States military was reorganized into one main department: the Department of Defense. In addition, the act also formed the _________ to gather intelligence from around the world.
CIA
What caused relations between Cuba and the United States to worsen after Fidel Castro took power?
Castro seized American oil refineries.
In November 1950 the Korean War suddenly moved in a different direction when the ______ entered the war.
Chinese
True
Chinese forces captured the South Korean capital of Seoul; China wanted North Korea to be Communist so it could have a buffer country.
False
Citizens designed their own nuclear bombs to protect themselves
The Red Scare affected many industries in the US including the movie industry. Actors who were accused of being _______ were blacklisted, and their careers were sometimes ruined because of it.
Communists
How was the situation that occurred in Angola similar to the one that occurred in South Vietnam?
Congress refused to provide additional aid, and a Communist government took over.
Brinkmanship was the willingness of the United States to go to the edge of all-out war under the _________ administration. With this policy, the United States cut its army and navy and expanded its air force because the air force was the military branch that would be responsible for dropping nuclear bombs.
Eisenhower
True
Fidel Castro seized commercial farms and turned them into communes; Fidel Castro gained power because he promised democracy to the people.
False
Fidel Castro was seen as a hero by all Cubans; Fidel Castro relied on aid from the United Nations
What was one of the initial steps that Gorbachev took to start making changes in the Soviet Union?
He allowed open criticism of the Soviet government.
Mao Zedong
He encouraged peasants to learn how to read and taught farmers how to better use the land.
What was one of Nixon's first applications of detente?
He visited China.
What was the result of the launching of Sputnik?
It started the space race.
Soviet Union
Responsible for: Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space; The first satellite was launched in the 1950s.
True
Schoolchildren practiced air-raid procedures; Families built fallout shelters in their backyards; Businesses that manufactured the components for nuclear weapons benefited tremendously.
Because he always made his accusations against people while he was in the ______________. Joseph McCarthy had immunity that protected him from being sued for slander.
Senate
SALT II was an agreement supported by the Carter Administration. Carter signed it in June 1979 in Austria with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. It did not reduce armaments. But it did limit the number of strategic weapons and nuclear missile launchers that each side could produce. Many in the ______ opposed this agreement because they thought it put the United States at a military disadvantage.
Senate
How was Hollywood affected by the Red Scare?
Some actors were blacklisted
The veto power in the United Nations seemed like a good idea when it was instituted, but it ended up causing problems when difficult measures were discussed. At any time, the _________ would use the veto to head off discussion on an unwanted issue.
Soviet Union
What ended up proving that Alger Hiss was a spy?
Soviet cables released in the 1990s.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage and sentenced to death. Even though they tried to get the ________ to overturn their conviction, they became the first US civilians to be executed for espionage.
Supreme Court
What happened in November 1950 that turned the Korean War in a different direction?
The Chinese entered the war.
What caused tension within the United Nations when it was initially formed?
The Soviet Union blocked any issue it didn't agree with
False
The UN had 10 soldiers for every 1 Chinese soldier; Truman thought it was a good idea to attack China directly.
Which of the following was an effect of brinkmanship?
The United States trimmed its army.
What happened after McCarthy made accusations against the US Army?
There was a nationally televised Senate investigation.
How were Germany and Korea similar to each other after WWII?
They both were part democratic and part Communist.
Why did many Americans criticize Kennedy for the way he handled the Cuban Missile Crisis?
They said he practiced brinkmanship.
What did Berliners do in 1989 to show that they no longer wanted to be Communist?
They tore down the Berlin Wall
What was significant about the Ethel and Julius Rosenberg case?
They were the first US civilians to be executed for espionage.
Why did Ford receive criticism from some Americans for the way he handled the Mayaguez incident with Cambodia?
They were upset that more men were lost in the mission than were saved.
Ford asked Congress for additional funds to provide more aid to Angola. However, Congress did not want to get involved in another conflict, so it refused Ford's request. Because of that, Angola fell to _______.
communism
By 1961 the city of Berlin had been in great turmoil for many years. Millions of East Germans - about 20% of the population - had fled to West Berlin. This placed the East Germans economy in crisis, which was finally solved with the _________.
construction of the Berlin Wall
Eisenhower's "open skies" proposal would allow both the US and the Soviet Union to
fly planes over each other's land
What was Nixon's top priority when he entered office?
gaining an honorable peace in Vietnam
One of the main roles of the CIA is to _________. It is also to carry out secret operations and to weaken or overthrow governments that are unfriendly to the United States.
gather information from abroad
What was the main danger for a country in financial ruin?
having a greater chance for political instability
NATO was formed in 1949 in response to the Berlin blockade. This union of nations agreed to support each other ___________.
in military matters
The main danger for a country in financial ruin is that the government is more susceptible to _____________. This could set the stage for a Communist form of government to take control.
political instability
When Kennedy took office, he believed his most urgent task as president was to ___________. The Eisenhower administration had used the idea of massive retaliation as their strategy. However, Kennedy didn't like the idea of threatening to use nuclear force over minor conflicts.
redefine the nation's nuclear strategy
The United States did recognize Fidel Castro's new government in Cuba, even though it was suspicious of what type of leader he would be. However, when he ___________, the relations between the two countries worsened.
seized American oil refineries
What was formed as a result of the National Security Act?
the CIA
What ended the Berlin crisis?
the construction of the Berlin Wall
When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, it sparked a competition with the United States that was called _________. This competition spurred both sides to continue making advances in space technology.
the space race
What is one of the roles of the CIA?
to gather information from abroad
What was the primary purpose of the United Nations?
to provide a forum to peacefully resolve disputes
What did Kennedy believe was his most urgent task?
to redefine the nation's nuclear strategy
Who were the Hollywood Ten?
unfriendly witnesses who refused to testify before the Senate
The space race affected many areas of society. One improvement was that more __________ began improving their science programs.
universities