The Digestive System Anatomy & Physiology

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the Selected Answer: Incorrect [None Given] Answers: stomach. pharynx. esophagus. bladder. colon.

bladder.

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby digestive enzymes of saliva, stomach, and pancreas split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. absorption secretion chemical digestion mechanical digestion

chemical digestion

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage distribute hormones return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. digestion absorption ingestion secretion

digestion

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? mechanical processing absorption compaction ingestion filtration

filtration

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________. duodenum ileum jejunum pyloric sphincter

ileum

The epithelial membrane called the mucosa ________. absorbs mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones absorbs the end products of digestion into the lymphatic system fights infectious disease is folded in some regions, with projections extending into the lumen

is folded in some regions, with projections extending into the lumen

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption? pancreas esophagus large intestine stomach anus

large intestine

Severe liver damage would most likely affect digestion of carbohydrates. lipids. proteins. nucleic acids. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids about equally.

lipids.

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. peristaltic segmentation mass pendular writhing

mass

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called segmentation. pendular movements. haustral churning. defecation. mass movements.

mass movements.

Digestion refers to the progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. mechanical breakdown of food. chemical breakdown of food. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food for nutrient absorption. mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients. circulates nutrients throughout the body. sends cellular debris to lysosomes. builds macromolecules for tissue repair.

mechanically and chemically breaks down food for nutrient absorption

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? appendix pancreas spleen colon esophagus

pancreas

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called segmentation. pendular movements. peristalsis. churning movements. mastication.

peristalsis.

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to Selected Answer: Incorrect [None Given] Answers: secrete digestive enzymes. reabsorb water and a very small amount of food from chyme. regulate the release of bile. break down hemoglobin. digest alcohol.

reabsorb water and a very small amount of food from chyme

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to secrete digestive enzymes. reabsorb water and a very small amount of food from chyme. regulate the release of bile. break down hemoglobin. digest alcohol.

reabsorb water and a very small amount of food from chyme.

Functions of the large intestine include : absorption of bile salts. secretion of vitamins. resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces. production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. chemical breakdown of food.

resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. serosa mucosa muscularis externa submucosa

serosa

Chyme is created in the ________. mouth stomach esophagus small intestine

stomach

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the ________. submucosa muscularis externa serosa

submucosa

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the mucosa. submucosa. muscularis. adventitia. serosa.

submucosa.

Peristaltic waves are ________. segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from mouth to rectum

waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from mouth to rectum

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. One Two Three Four Six to Ten

Three

Each of the following is a function of the liver, except synthesis and secretion of bile. antibody production. synthesis of plasma proteins. inactivation of toxins. storage of glycogen and iron reserves.

antibody production.

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the haustra. pancreas. gallbladder. appendix. ileum.

appendix.

Under normal conditions, the gastric mucosa pours out as much as ________. 10 liters of gastric juice per hour 1 pint of gastric juice following each meal 1.5 liters of gastric juice per day 6 liters of gastric juice when the meal is unusually heavy in fats

1.5 liters of gastric juice per day