The Endocrine System

When a non-lipid soluble hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,

A second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is

ACTH

A hormone that is released from the adrenal glands due to direct sympathetic stimulation from the hypothalamus

Adrenal

Where are target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones located?

Anterior pituitary

Target cells

Areas of the body sensitive to the presence of hormones

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

Blood calcium levels

All hormones RE

Chemical Messengers

Insulin causes

Conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles for storage

Hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome

Epinephrine

Hormone released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues

Erythropoietin

Control of hormones can be accomplished by chemical changes in the blood

Humoral stimulation

Hormones that travel in capillaries and alter the activity of the anterior pituitary are from...

Hypothalamus

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the

Hypothalamus

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

Hypothalamus

Pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise

Insulin

Hormones are always secreted into the

Interstitial fluid

Control of hormones can be accomplished via a direct stimulation by the...

Nervous system

How does the hypothalamus transport hormones to the posterior pituitary?

Neural axons, directly

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

Oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

Parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

Pineal gland

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior pituitary are called...

Releasing hormones

T3 and T4 are hormones secreted by the

Thyroid gland

An important second messenger in hormonal action

cAMP

Generally, the actions of hormones

can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes

Released when blood glucose levels fall

glucagon

During the Alarm phase of GAS, there is

mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves

The endocrine system...

relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells

Exhaustion phase of GAS is characterized by

the inability to produce glucocorticoids