the fetal spine and musculoskeletal system PRACTICE QUIZ

Upon the sonographic interrogation of a 28 weeks pregnancy you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull the skull can be easily distorted. this is sonographic evidence of: a. arnold-chiari II malformation b. achondroplasia c. thanatophoric dysplasia d. osteogenesis imperfecta

d

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. banana sign b. lemon sign c. enlarged massa intermedia d. Normal MSAFP

d

in VACTERL association the letter "c" stands for: a. cerebellar b. c-spine c. cranial d. cardiac

d

which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? a. the metatarsals and toes lies in the same plane as the tibia and fibula b. the metatarsals and perpendicular to the tibia and fibular c. the carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula d. the tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur

a

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: a. sirenomelia b. caudal regression syndrome c. achondroplasia d. radial ray defect

b

a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is: a. osteogenesis imperfecta b. achondroplasia c. radial ray defect d. caudal regression syndrome

b

all of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. splaying of the laminae b. enlarged posterior fossa c. lemon sign d. banana sign

b

all of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: a. ventral wall defects b. decreased MSAFP c. marked scoliosis d. shortened umbilical cord

b

the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: a. kyphosis b. scoliosis c. splaying d. achondroplasia

b

the condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx: a. LBWC b. caudal regression syndrome c. thanatophoric achondroplasia d. heterozygous achondroplasia

b

the exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is: a. trident toes b. sandal gap c. phocomelia d. mesomelia

b

the form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is: a. autosomal recessive b. autosomal dominant c. inherited dominant d. inherited recessive

b

the most common nonlethal dysplasia is: a. achondrogenesis b. achondroplasia c. thanatophoric dyplasia d. osteogenesis imperfecta

b

which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome? a. previous regression syndrome b. preexisting maternal diabetes c. previous ectopic pregnancy d. elevated hCG

b

Absence of the radius is referred to as: a. talipes equinovarus b. clubfoot c. radial ray defect d. phocomelia

c

Rhizomelia denotes: a. long upper extremities b. shortening of an entire limb c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb d. shortening of the distal segment of a limb

c

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect? a. AFP b. estriol c. folate d. pregnancy protein A

c

absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes: a. micromelia b. mesomelia c. phocomelia d. arthrogryoposis

c

all of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. micromelia b. absent mineralization of the pelvis c. multiple dislocated joints d. polyhydramnios

c

sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: a. radial ray defect b. rhizomelia c. mermaid syndrome d. rockerbottom feet

c

the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as: a. cebocephaly b. banana sign c. colpocephaly d. cephalocele

c

the group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as: a. dandy-walker malformation b. budd-chiari syndrome c. arnold-chiari II malformation d. amniotic band syndrome

c

what condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios and fusion of the lower extremities a. SCT b. caudal displacement syndrome c. sirenomelia d. osteogenesis imperfecta

c

what term is defined as fusion of the digits? a. clinodactyly b. polydactyly c. syndactyly d. rhizodactyly

c

a bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: a. thanatophoric dysplasia b. caudal regression syndrome c. achondrogenesis d. osteogenesis imperfecta

d

a colverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: a. achondrogenesis b. osteogensis imperfecta c. sirenomelia d. thanatophoric dysplasia

d

a protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: a. folate b. hCG c. estriol d. AFP

d

achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. frontal bossing b. flattened nasal bridge c. trident hand d. absent mineralization of the skull

d

all of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. amputation of fetal parts b. anencephaly c. facial clefting d. synechiae

d

sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except: a. SCT b. meningocele c. meningomyelocele d. phocomeningocele

d

the disorder associated with fetal amputation is: a. achondroplasia b. osteogenesis imperfecta c. thanatophoric dysplasia d. amniotic band syndrome

d

the thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with arnold-chiari II malformation is the: a. corpus collosum b. cerebellar vermis c. cavum septum pellucidum d. massa intermedia

d

what abnormality results in limitation of fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures? a. acromegaly b. radial ray defect c. achondrogenesis d. arthrogryposis

d

what is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element? a. kyphosis b. scoliosis c. kyphoscoliosis d. hemivertebra

d

all of the following are signs of Arnold-chiari II malformation except: a. S-shape b. banana sign c. lemon sign d. colpocephaly

a

in VACTERL association, the letter "L" stands for: a. limb b. lung c. liver d. larynx

a

talipes equinovarus is associated with: a. clubfoot b. syndactyly c. rhizomelia d. rockerbottom feet

a

the artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as: a. acoustic shadowing b. posterior enhancement c. reverberation artifact d. edge artifact

a

the lemon sign denotes: a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull b. a normal shape of the cerebellum c. an abnormal shape of the cerebellum d. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

a

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifinda occulta except: a. closed defect b. elevated MSAFP c. sacral dimple d. hemangioma

b