The French Revolution Begins 3.6-3.8
Name one example of social reform during the French Revolution.
Slavery was abolished in France's colonies.
Which of the following statements best explains the conditions that led to the Reign of Terror?
The Committee of Public Safety had absolute power.
How did the Directory's actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?
The Directory was weak and corrupt.
ASSESSMENT: What was it about the nature of the French Revolution that led to political and social reform?
The French Revolution, inspired by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution, was a direct attack on the old social order and monarchy, thus requiring political and social reforms as major priorities.
ASSESSMENT: What did the Tennis Court Oath foretell about the coming events of the French Revolution?
The Tennis Court Oath foretold the coming events of the French Revolution by establishing the constitution and giving the people what they want. The council swore to protest and meet wherever the circumstances till they had a just constitution. They played a very important factor in the French Revolution. This is what the Tennis court oath foretold.
Besides financial reform, what else drove the Third Estate to declare itself a National Assembly?
The Third Estate wanted political and social reform.
ASSESSMENT: What actions did the French take after the Revolution to show their patriotism?
The actions that the French took after the revolution to show their patriotism Where new symbols such as the red quotation mark Liberty caps quotation mark and the tricolour flag that confirmed the Liberty and equality of all male citizens. They use the title quotation mark citizens quotation mark to apply to people of all social classes. These were the actions that the French took after the revolution to show their patriotism.
ASSESSMENT: What characteristics of the Third Estate helped fuel the Revolution?
The characteristics of The Third Estate that helped fuel the Revolution are the fact that they made up 95% of the French populations and also were more diverse. The bourgeoisie were educated and some even had political seats. They wanted political and social reform. These are the characteristics of the Third Estate helped fuel the Revolution.
ASSESSMENT: Why was the Committee of Public Safety allowed to terrorize France during the Reign of Terror?
The committee of public safety were allowed to terrorize France during the reign of terror because the 12 member committee had almost absolute power. They ordered all the citizens to contribute to the war effort. The convention created the committee of public safety to deal with the threats of France. A member of the committee justified the use of terror by claiming it was necessary to protect the revolution.
ASSESSMENT: In what way was the Continental System an act of economic warfare? Why did it fail?
The continental system was an act of economic warfare because Napoleon waged the war through that system which meant closing European ports to British goods while the British responded with its own blockade of ports. The reason the continental system failed was because Britains powerful navy kept vital trade routes open to the Americas and India . Meanwhile the trade restrictions caused a scarcity of goods and European prices when soaring and the resentment against the French power intensified
ASSESSMENT: How did the Directory's actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon?
The directory's actions ultimately led to the rise of Napoleon by The failings of the directory and the chaos of wars. Politicians turned to Napoleon because he had one a series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy and they plan to use him to advance their own goals.
ASSESSMENT: Compare and contrast the views of France's radical revolutionaries to the views of its moderates.
The radicals: wanted to abolish the monarchy and create a republic guarantee a living wage for The moderates: Reformers and officials did not want anymore reforms and believed prior reforms of the National Assembly were sufficient
Describe How did radicals such as Robespierre justify the use of terror?
They sought to preserve the republic from its enemies.
Marquis de Lafayette
a French noble, fought alongside the Americans in the Revolutionary War. Upon his return to France, Lafayette led the call for reform and in 1789 presented a draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man to the National Assembly. He was hated by some for his moderate stance, and fled to Austria, but later returned.
plebiscite
a ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue
faction
a group or clique within a larger group that has different ideas and opinions than the rest of the group
Which of the following best describes France's government according to the Constitution of 1791?
a limited monarchy
Which type of government did the Constitution of 1791 establish?
a limited monarchy
Jacobin
a member of a radical political club during the French Revolution
émigré
a person who flee his or her country for political reasons
Which of the following was most responsible for Napoleon's rise to emperor of France?
a series of military victories against Austria
Napoleonic Wars
a series of wars from 1804 to 1805 that pitted Napoleon's French empire against the major powers of Europe
nationalism
a strong feeling of pride and devotion to one's country
annex
add a territory to an existing state or country
Which goal was most likely to be supported by both poor peasants and wealthy city merchants in the early years of the French Revolution?
an end to feudal privileges
Congress of Vienna
assembly of European leaders that met after the Napoleonic era to piece Europe back together; met from September 1814 to June 1815
Olympe de Gouges
author of the Declaration of the Rights of Women, railed against the treatment of women in France, addressing her concerns directly to Marie Antoinette.
Continental System
blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods; ultimately unsuccessful
Napoleonic Code
body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as a model for many nations' civil codes
How did France's radical revolutionaries try to protect the revolution?
by dealing harshly with enemies of the revolution
guillotine
device used during the Reign of Terror to execute thousands by beheading
Tennis Court Oath
famous oath made by on a tennis court by the Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France
guerrilla warfare
fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids
Bastille
fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789
Marie Antoinette
frivolous ways, conduct, and various scandals helped discredit the monarchy. She told her husband, Louis XVI, to resist reform demands by the National Assembly. Like Louis, she was branded a traitor and executed.
abdicate
give up or step down from power
Which of the following was most responsible for Napoleon's rise to power?
his reputation as a military leader
The Napoleonic Code was a reform of France's
legal system.
Estates- General
legislative body made up of the representatives of the three estates in pre-revolutionary France
Concert of Europe
loose peacekeeping organization whose goal was to preserve the agreements set up by the Congress of Vienna
sans-culottes
members of the working class who made the French Revolution more radical; called such because men wore long trousers instead of the fancy knee breeches that the upper class wore
cahiers
notebooks used in pre-revolutionary France to record grievances
ancien régime
old order system of government in pre-revolutionary France
The chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was to
preserve peace through a balance of power.
legitimacy
principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored
Who were the Jacobins?
radical members of the Legislative Assembly who supported republican principles
suffrage
right to vote
What stirred the sans-culottes to riot?
rising bread prices
deficit spending
situation in which the government spends more money than it takes in
estates
social classes
Jacques Necker angered the First and Second Estates by proposing that
taxes on clergy and nobles be raised.
Many nobles resented the bourgeois because
the bourgeoisie won government positions that had once been reserved for nobles.
bourgeoisie
the middle class
Reign of Terror
time period during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794 when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed
What was the main goal of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
to assure equality of all male citizens
Why did the radical Legislative Assembly declare war on Austria and then Prussia in 1792?
to spread the revolution and destroy other monarchies
ASSESSMENT: Compare and contrast the goals of Prince Clemens von Metternich of Austria and Britain's Lord Castlereagh during the Congress of Vienna.
von Metternich aimed to restore the European balance of power and system of absolute monarchy that existed in 1792. Lord Castlereagh's main priority was preventing France from gaining military power and ambition. The parties at the Congress of Vienna agreed to redraw the map of Europe in a way that would surround France by strong military powers while also recognizing the legitimacy of hereditary monarchies..
Maximilien Robespierre
was a French revolutionary elected to the Estates-General in 1789. He later became an important member of the Jacobin club and a member of the Committee of Public Safety. As a member of the Committee he began the Reign of Terror. He was later arrested and executed by the revolution's leaders.
Napoleon Banaparte
was a huge figure in European history. He was a military genius who was elected consul for life. He later crowned himself France's emperor. His legal, educational, and militaristic reforms impacted French society for generations.
Jacques Necker
was director of the French treasury before the revolution, Necker attempted to reform the country's finances, although he also tried to finance France's participation in the American Revolution through heavy borrowing, while trying to conceal the country's huge deficit. Later, his calls for reform were thwarted by Louis XVI.
louis XVI
was king of pre-revolutionary France. He failed to support his ministers, who tried to reform France's finances and social institutions. Although he agreed in 1789 to summon the Estates-General, he resisted demands for reform by the National Assembly. He was later branded a traitor and executed in 1793.
Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire?
Britain
How did France change under the National Assembly?
France became a republic.
Marseilles
French port city; troops marched to a patriotic song as they left the city, the song eventually became the French national anthem
Which of the following best describes Napoleon's impact on Europe after the Napoleonic Wars?
He spread the ideals of the Revolution but failed to create a lasting French empire.
Why was the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, an important event in the French Revolution?
It challenged the king's authority.
What was the significance of the Paris Commune?
It could rally the citizens of Paris for protests.
What was one way that the French Revolution changed life in France?
It eliminated feudal class privileges.
What did the Concordat of 1801 accomplish?
It kept the Church under state control but recognized religious freedom for Catholics.
Which best describes the impact of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
It put into practice ideals of the Enlightenment.
Why was the Bastille an important symbol to the French?
It represented the social injustice of the ancien regime.
In what way did the Congress of Vienna try to limit French ambition?
It surrounded France with strong countries.
How did nationalism impact Napoleon's conquest of Europe?
Many Europeans saw Napoleon and his armies as foreign oppressors and fought back to save their countries.
How did France's social divisions in the late 1700s contribute to the French Revolution?
Members of the Third Estate were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality.
Why was Napoleon unable to successfully establish a French empire in Europe?
Most nations' people resented the imposition of French culture.
ASSESSMENT: What political views did Napoleon spread in Europe that angered monarchs?
Napoleon brought his revolutionary system of government to conquered lands. This meant doing away with special privileges for nobles or the Church; appointing officials based on talent and merit; and abolishing serfdom and manorial dues. These reforms angered European monarchs, who began to work together to defeat him.
Which statement best describes the impact of the Napoleonic Wars on many of the nations France conquered?
Napoleon's armies backed liberal reforms in the lands they conquered.
