The Huge Set of Knowledge

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Horizontal

Parallel to the X axis.

percentage

If x*x + 2x - 35 = 0, then x = ?

(1)x*x + (2)x + (-35) = 0 a = 1 b = 2 c = -35 (-b +/- d)/2a d*d = b*b - 4ac x = -5, 7

(6) Qin Capital

-Xianyang

Prototype

A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by

Dimension

A measure in one direction.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A treaty among Canada, Mexico and the United States that calls for the gradual removal of tariffs and other trade restrictions. NAFTA came into effect in 1994.

Cabinet

Advisors including secretary of state

Council fo Economic Advisers

Alan B. Krueger

Maine

Augusta

3 of the 6 reforms that the labour (chiefley)government put in place

Australian workers union, created a governemnt airline (qantas), began maufacuring the holden car

Louisiana

Baton Rouge

Massachusetts

Boston

Who was the first historian to question the motives of the Framers and accuse them of meeting

Charles Beard

Montesquieu urged that governments should include a system of

Checks and balances

Lion-like, fire-breathing monster with a serpent tail.

Chimaera

Pax Sinica

China's "golden age"; a period of relative peace and advancement

What does the Social Contract Theory essentially state?

Citizens give their consent to be governed

Measurement

Collecting data in a quantifiable manner.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate General in charge of Confederate troops who surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865

What was the first state to ratify the Constitution?

Delaware

Which of the following terms was least acceptable to most of the Framers at the Constitutional Convention?

Democracy

Majority Whip Senate

Democrat Dick Durbin

Delaware

Dover

Who was the leader of the left wing of the labour party

Dr Evatt

Which of the following best describes the form of federalism that existed after the Civil War?

Dual federalism

Chairman DNC

Elizabeth Frawley Bagley

Bicultural

Encompassing two cultures.

What are the two official languages of Canada?

English and French

The chief powers granted to the federal government in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution are collectively referred to as

Enumerated powers

House Majority Leader

Eric Cantor

Public Policy

Every decision that the government makes- every law it passes, bugdget it esablishes, and ruling it hands down.

Babe Ruth

Famous for being the first baseball player to hit 60 homeruns in one season

What is the type of indirect democracy that combines the executive and legislative functions of government into one body or institution?

Parliamentary democracy

A system of government in which power is divided between state governments and a national government is called

Federal System

What language and culture is prominant in Quebec? Why?

French. France settled that area of Canada.

President of the Constitutional Convention

George Washington

Public Goods

Goods, provided or secured by the state, available to society and which no private person or organization can own.

Which of the following events brought the era of dual federalism to a close?

Great Depression

Stonewall Jackson

Great General for the Confederacy. Stood like a stone wall, would not retreat or give up his position in battle.

Classical

Greece

Balkan Peninsula

Greece is located on this landform

Monsters with the heads, wings, and brass claws of eagles, and the bodies of lions.

Griffins

Which of the following Framers proposed a "lifetime executive" at the Convention thus making it a littler easier to accept unlimited terms of office for the president?

Hamilton

Which of the following was least directly involved in the presentation of ideas surrounding the issue of representation in Congress?

Hamilton

Terrible birds with heads of old women, long brass claws, and faces that showed their never-ending hunger.

Harpies

Connecticut

Hartford

Internationality

Having family and/or business interests in two or more nations.

Terrible, six-headed moster that struck at any ship that came near her.

Hydra

An individual's coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government is called political________

Ideology

Particle/Wave Duality

Particle/wave duality is perhaps the easiest way to get aquatinted with quantum theory because it shows, in a few simple experiments, how different the atomic world is from our world.

The Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention established which of the following principles?

In order to determine representation and taxation, each state was to count sixty percent of its slave population

Computer program

In robotics, a set of coded instructions the robot must follow.

Indiana

Indianapolis

The Phillip's Curve is an economic model that measures the relationship between

Inflation and unemployment

Feedback

Information about the output of a system that can be used to make adjustments.

Input

Information fed into a system.

George Washington Carver

Inventor in the field of science. Best known invention is peanut butter.

Wright Brothers

Inventors/brothers in the 1800's who were credited with the first flight in Kitty Hawk, NC

According to the Federalist Papers, our federal system has which of the following effects on political factions?

It limits the dangers of factionalism by diluting their political influence

Why do most people in Brazil live along the coastline?

It provides easy transportation, and there is a lot of tourism and fishing done along the coastline.

President of Senate / VP

Joe Biden

Chief Justice Supreme Court

John Roberts

Who is Minnesota's state senator?

Julieanna Ortman

Alaska

Juneau

The earliest caucus of the presidential primary season usually takes place in

Kansas

Department of Health and Human Services

Kathleen Seblius

Department of the Interior

Kenneth L. Salazar

Office of management adn budget

Largest part of the EOP

Which of the following would most likely result in an incumbent losing their seat in Congress?

Late-term scandal

Which of the following powers is denied to the federal government under the Constitution?

Passing ex post facto laws

What are the three branches in state government?

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

Department of Defense

Leon Panetta

Sparta

Located on the Peloponnesus this polis was an oligarchy

Troubleshoot

Locating and finding the cause of problems related to technological products or systems.

Which of the following presidencies was titled Creative Federalism?

Lydon Johnson's

Charles Linberg

Made the first solo flight across the Atlantic in his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis

What is the core of democracy based on?

Majority rule

What consumes the largest chunk of the federal budget?

Mandatory spending

The dessert that would best describe cooperative federalism is

Marbel cake

Which of the following Framers was an Anti-Federalist?

Mason

Which of the following states was not a "frontloader" in the primary election procee of 2008?

Pennsylvania

Representative

People elect representatives The representatives make the laws

Popular Sovereingnty

People rule.

Governor of Indiana

Mitch Daniels

The greatest number of American voters identify themselves as

Moderate

Alabama

Montgomery

Majority

More than 50 percent.

Linear Motion

Movement in a straight line.

ammonia

NH3

table salt

NaCl

baking soda

NaHCO

House Miniority Leader

Nancy Pelosi

Which of the following major cities threatened to secede from their state and join the new government under the Constitution if their state did not ratify the document?

New York City

In which of the following does the U.S. rank higher among world democracies?

VEP

What plan offered a bicameral legislative body with representation in both houses based on population?

Virginia plan

What is ticket-splitting?

Voting for candidates from different parties for varying offices on the same ballot

advantages of globalization (political)

Weakens power of authoritarian governments

Which of the following demographic groups is most likely to support a Republican candidate?

White male

Senate

Who approves the president's cabinet

Hilary Clinton

Who is the 4th in line for the presidency?

Kennedy

Who said " Ask not what your country can do for you, but you can do for your country"

Press secretary

Who speaks for the president

Which of the following is the best example of conventional political participation?

Writing letters to representatives

Circumscribed

a circle that contains all the vertices of a polygon

archipelago

a group of islands

Bill of attainder

a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

open primary?

a primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

tributary

a small stream or river that flows into a larger one

Direct democracy

all people vote on all laws and decisions

aluminum

consent of the govnerned

american citizens are the source of all government power

Parallel

an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator

federal trade commission

an independent agency of the United States fedeal government that maintains fair and free competition

chlorine

darmstadium

communism

dictaorship over the communist party

dubnium

District

equally divided areas for the election of representatives

gadolinium

gallium

Constitutional Convection

gathering of state representatives on May 25, 1787, to revise the Articles of Confederation

Superior Court

general and appellate jurisdiction - seven deadly sins of juveniles

germanium

what is the term for drawing electoral district lines to favor party in power?

gerrymandering

Hephaestus

god of fire

Apollo

god of light, music, poetry

Jury

group of peers who decide if a person is guility of a crime (trial)

elevation

height of the land below sea level

helium

absolute monarchy

heredity ruler has unlimited authourity

Supreme Court

highest court, appellate jurisdiction

Converse

if q, then p

allergic reaction

immune response related to prior exposure to the drug, re-exposure triggers an allergic response. Can range from mild itching to severe rash to anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening response characterized by broncho-spasm, laryngeal edema, and drop in BP

indium

iron

krypton

Misdemeanor

less serious crime (like speeding)

powers with zero exponents

let a be a nonzero number and let n be a positive interger. A nonzero number to the nonzero power is always 1. Ex a^0= 1, a notequal 0

Which governemnt came to power in 1949?

liberal

epics

long story poems

neb

lord

Which economic system would allow competition between companies?

market

nobelium

detention

not jail - step two juvenile

popular sovereignty

people have the supreme power.

polonium

proton

positive charge +

reserved powers

powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

what is the process what allows citizens to vote directly on laws or policy?

referendum

veto

reject

Civic

relating to the duties or activities of people in relation to their town, city, or local area. Ex: voting

democracy

rule by the people; first established in Athens

Veto

say no to

scandium

seaborgium

Midsegment

segment that connects the midpoints of two sides of a triangle

selenium

silver

william

siry

senet

sister

citric acid

six-carbon compound

fables

stories that use animals to teach a lesson

strontium

customs duties

taxes on foreign imported goods

technetium

tellurium

terbium

Six years

term length

thallium

Dorians

the Spartans were descended from this group of warriors

regulation

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

Three Fifths Compromise

the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves

supply

the amount of a product that could be bought at all possible prices that could prevail in the market

logarithm

the exponent required to produce a given number. also know as log or ln. Ex. log2 64 log is the power that you are raising the base to. Base is the number that is being raise to a unknow power to get a certain number.

marginal product

the extra output or change in total product caused by the addition of one more unit of variable input

electoral college

the group that makes the formal selection of the nations president

federal system

the national government and state government share power and derive all authority from the people

Incenter

the point of concurrency of the angle bisectors of a triangle

Circumcenter

the point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle

pharmacology

the science or study of drug and interactions with living things

the period of production that allows producers to change only the amount of the variable input is

the short run

mitochondrial matrix

the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Confederate Government

the state and small territories are given most of the powers where as the federal government is restricted

pharmacodynamics

the study of what the drug does to the body

mountain peak

the summit or highest point of a mountain

antebellum

the time period between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.

cronyism

the unfair practice by a powerful person of giving jobs to friends

electorate

the voters.

thulium

power of a power property

to find a power of a power, MULTIPLY the exponents Ex (a^m)^n=a^m*n

product of powers property

to multiply powers having the same base, ADD the exponents. Ex a^m*a^n= a^m+n

total product

total output produced by a firm

tungsten

suffrage

voting rights.

additive effect

when 2 drugs with similar actions are giving together and allows a more therapeutic effect with fewer side effects due to smaller doses of each drug. opioid & non-opioid, anti hypertensive with diuretic

Criminal Law

when a person commits a crime

lactic acid fermentation

when an enzyme converts pyruvic acid made during glycolysis into another three-carbon compound

to make it possible for people to live togther peacfully

why do communities need governemnt?

ytterbium

yttrium

zinc

Omega

omega

lambda

omicron

Aesthetics

Pleasing in appearance.

Which of the following would least likely be included as an "internal check" found in the Constitution?

Popular Sovereignty

Chief Legislator

President as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for congress

Cheif of State

President as ceremonial head of the United States

brahmins

Priests and teachers that held the highest position in society.

Which of the following socioeconomic classes would most likely vote Republican?

Professionals and business owners

3rd amendment

Prohibits stationing of troops in homes without consent.

Evaluating a candidate based on what he says he will do when elected to office is called

Prospective voting

What is Quantum Physics?

Quantum physics is a branch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible units of energy called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory.

Who is the monarch of Canada?

Queen Elizabeth II

Hera

Queen of the gods

Hera

Queen of the gods; goddess of women and motherhood

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Ray LaHood

In the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Americans have been more willing to accept:

Reduced civil liberties

Which of the following would least likely improve voter turnout in the U.S.?

Requiring all voters to show photo identification when voting

Which orginial state was the only one not to send delegates to the Convention?

Rhode Island

Some of those in attendance at the Constitutional Convention believed that the new nation was in such dire straits they were willing to

Risk potential charges of treason

Who was the leader of the right wing of the labour party

Rob santa maria

Eastern Ghats

Rolling mountains that are east of the Deccan Plateau.

Which of the following serves as the "saucer to a hot cup of coffee" according to George Washington?

Senate

"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional right of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary." Which of the following principles does the above statement best reflect?

Seperation of powers

Program

Set of instructions that control the operation of a computer.

6th amendment

Sets out the basic requirements of procedural due process for federal courts to follow in criminal trials

cortez

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Illinois

Springfield

To reassert her authority on the American Colonies Britian issued the ____ Act immediately after repealing the Stamp Act

Sugar Act

Research

Systematic, scientific, documented study.

Of the following, American federalism is most greatly exemplified by the:

Tenth Amendment to the Constitution

Who represents the Queen

The Governor General

Who appoints the Senate

The Prime Minister appoints the Senate

What is First Past the Post

The amount of riding that each party won and that tells them how many seats they have

Athens

The birthplace of democracy

Homer

The blind poet who wrote the "Illiad and the Odyssesy"

Policymaking Institutions

The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. These three branches are Congress, Presidency, and federal courts.

Mycenaeans

The civilization of Greece who led the defeat of the Trojans

Part 6: The collapse of the Empire

The decadence and incompetence of Commodus (180-192) brought the golden age of the Roman emperors to a disappointing end. His death at the hands of his own ministers sparked another period of civil war, from which Lucius Septimius Severus (193-211) emerged victorious. During the third century Rome suffered from a cycle of near-constant conflict. A total of 22 emperors took the throne, many of them meeting violent ends at the hands of the same soldiers who had propelled them to power. Meanwhile, threats from outside plagued the empire and depleted its riches, including continuing aggression from Germans and Parthians and raids by the Goths over the Aegean Sea. The reign of Diocletian (284-305) temporarily restored peace and prosperity in Rome, but at a high cost to the unity of the empire. Diocletian divided power into the so-called tetrarchy (rule of four), sharing his title of Augustus (emperor) with Maximian. A pair of generals, Galerius and Constantius, were appointed as the assistants and chosen successors of Diocletian and Maximian; Diocletian and Galerius ruled the eastern Roman Empire, while Maximian and Constantius took power in the west. The stability of this system suffered greatly after Diocletian and Maximian retired from office. Constantine (the son of Constantius) emerged from the ensuing power struggles as sole emperor of a reunified Rome in 324. He moved the Roman capital to the Greek city of Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. At the Council of Nicaea in 325, Constantine made Christianity (once an obscure Jewish sect) Rome's official religion. Roman unity under Constantine proved illusory, and 30 years after his death the eastern and western empires were again divided. Despite its continuing battle against Persian forces, the eastern Roman Empire-later known as the Byzantine Empire-would remain largely intact for centuries to come. An entirely different story played out in the west, where the empire was wracked by internal conflict as well as threats from abroad-particularly from the Germanic tribes now established within the empire's frontiers-and was steadily losing money due to constant warfare. Rome eventually collapsed under the weight of its own bloated empire, losing its provinces one by one: Britain around 410; Spain and northern Africa by 430. Attila and his brutal Huns invaded Gaul and Italy around 450, further shaking the foundations of the empire. In September 476, a Germanic prince named Odovacar won control of the Roman army in Italy. After deposing the last western emperor, Romulus Augustus, Odovacar's troops proclaimed him king of Italy, bringing an ignoble end to the long, tumultuous history of ancient Rome. Rome's time ended but their memories will never faith, this empire will always be remembered in history.

Policy Impacts

The effects that a policy has on people and on society's problems.

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)

The efficient production of small amounts of products.

All of the following helped states accept federal money to the point of becoming what one political historian called "federal aid junkie" except:

The federal government's exclusive power to print currency

Texture

The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.

annexation

The incorporation of a territory into a larger political unit, such as a country, state, county or city.

Sanskrit

The language that the Aryans spoke. Archaeologists have not been able to decode it.

Agora

The marketplace of ancient Greece

Height

The measurement of someone or something from head to foot or from base to top.

Width

The measurement or extent of something from side to side.

Driven Gear

The member of a pair of gears to which motion and power are transmitted by the other. The output gear.

Median

The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order

How does literacy rate impact a country's standard of living?

The more people can read and write, the better their standard of living.

Workforce

The people available for work in a particular area, firm, or industry.

Majority Rule

The political idea that over half of an orgnized group should have the power to make decisions for the whole group.

At the time the U.S. Constitution was adopted, which of the following powers was not granted to the federal government?

The power to levy or collect a national income tax

According to the original Constitution, the only national office elected through a popular vote was?

The president

Manufacturing

The process of making a raw material into a finished product; especially in large quantities

Reprogram

The rewriting or revising of a sequence of instructions, especially a computer program.

Universal Suffrage

The right of all adults to vote for their representatives.

Nanotechnology

The science and technology of building devices, such as electronic circuits, from single atoms and molecules.

Gross Domestic Product

The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation.

Dre Scott v Stanford

The supreme court concluded that the US congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in territories

Sketch Plane

The surface that 20 profiles can be sketched on.

Environment

The surrounding in which a person, animal, or plant lives.

Maintenance

The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment and/or software.

CAD (Computer- Aided Design)

The use of a computer to assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc.

Technology

The way people use resources to meet their wants and needs.

Quantum Theory

There are five main ideas represented in Quantum Theory: 1.Energy is not continuous, but comes in small but discrete units. 2.The elementary particles behave both like particles and like waves. 3.The movement of these particles is inherently random. 4.It is physically impossible to know both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. The more precisely one is known, the less precise the measurement of the other is. 5.The atomic world is nothing like the world we live in.

Individual Rights

Theses are protected by the Bill of Rights and include economic rights related to property, political rights related to freedom of speech and press, and personal rights related to bearing arms and maintaining private residences.

Which of the following is true regarding the drawing of U.S. House districts?

They must be contiguous, they must be equal in population, race/ethnicity can be a consideration but not the only consideration in drawing the district

Dimension Line

Thin lines capped with arrowheads, which may be broken along their length to provide space for the dimension numerals.

Who argued that government's role should be to control citizen's bestial tendencies?

Thomas Hobbes

Department of Agriculture

Thomas J. Vilsack

civil liberties

Those personal freedoms that are protected for all individuals.

Department of the Treasury

Timothy F. Geithner

Tanzen

To dance

Basteln

To do crafts

Zeichnen

To draw

What is the meaning of the government forward defence policy

To go and attack the threat of communism before it reaches us

Indiana District 4 Representative

Todd Rikita

Understanding the Black Death

Today, scientists understand that the Black Death, now known as the plague, is spread by a bacillus called Yersina pestis. (The French biologist Alexandre Yersin discovered this germ at the end of the 19th century.) They know that the bacillus travels from person to person pneumonically, or through the air, as well as through the bite of infected fleas and rats. Both of these pests could be found almost everywhere in medieval Europe, but they were particularly at home aboard ships of all kinds--which is how the deadly plague made its way through one European port city after another. Not long after it struck Messina, the Black Death spread to the port of Marseilles in France and the port of Tunis in North Africa. Then it reached Rome and Florence, two cities at the center of an elaborate web of trade routes. By the middle of 1348, the Black Death had struck Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon and London. Today, this grim sequence of events is terrifying but comprehensible. In the middle of the 14th century, however, there seemed to be no rational explanation for it. No one knew exactly how the Black Death was transmitted from one patient to another-according to one doctor, for example, "instantaneous death occurs when the aerial spirit escaping from the eyes of the sick man strikes the healthy person standing near and looking at the sick"-and no one knew how to prevent or treat it. Physicians relied on crude and unsophisticated techniques such as bloodletting and boil-lancing (practices that were dangerous as well as unsanitary) and superstitious practices such as burning aromatic herbs and bathing in rosewater or vinegar. Meanwhile, in a panic, healthy people did all they could to avoid the sick. Doctors refused to see patients; priests refused to administer last rites. Shopkeepers closed stores. Many people fled the cities for the countryside, but even there they could not escape the disease: It affected cows, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens as well as people. In fact, so many sheep died that one of the consequences of the Black Death was a European wool shortage. And many people, desperate to save themselves, even abandoned their sick and dying loved ones. "Thus doing," Boccaccio wrote, "each thought to secure immunity for himself."

Rotation

Turning around an axis or center point.

John F. Kennedy

US President during the Cuban Missile Crisis who was assassinated in 1963

Franklin Roosevelt

US President responsible for The New Deal. Began operating soup kitchens for the homeless.

What is a legislative body with one chamer or house?

Unicameral

Ulysses S. Grant

Union General in charge of Union troops. General Lee surrendered to Grant in the Civil War on on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

Of the different types of geographic distribution power, which do most countries currently possess?

Unitary

Everything pulls on everything else in a beautifully simple way that involves only mass and distance. According to Newton, every body attracts every other body with a force that, for any two bodies, is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. This statement can be expressed as:

*Force ~ mass₁ × mass₂/ distance²* or symbolically as: *F ~ m₁m₂/d²* where *m₁* and *m₂* are the masses of the bodies and *d* is the distance between their centers. Thus, the greater the masses *m₁* and *m₂*, the greater the force of attraction between them, in direct proportion to the masses. The greater the distance of separation *d*, the weaker the force of attraction, in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between their centers of mass.

woodland: tools or weapons

*invented bow and arrow, dart blow gun, pieces of bark, and sticks.

The greater the masses *m₁* and *m₂*, the greater the force of attraction between them, in direct proportion to the masses.*²*

*²*Note the different role of mass here. Thus far, we have treated mass as a measure of inertia, which is called *inertial mass*. Now we see mass as a measure of gravitational force, which in this context is called *gravitational mass*. It is experimentally established that the two are equal, and, as a matter of principle, the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is the foundation of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

(29) "The Buddhist Problem"

- Buddhism gained popularity and reached its peak during the Tang dynasty - The lower classes favored Buddhism because they wanted to escape from their poor lives in the next world. - The wealthy favored Buddhism because they like the intricate philosophy and fancy rituals - The wealthy gave land and money to the Buddhist monasteries - The Tang government felt threatened by the growing strength and popularity of the Buddhists - Insane emperor destroyed 40,000 shrines, 4,600 monasteries and made 260,000 monks and nuns stop practicing Buddhism - In fear of a revolt, the Tang government quickly moved toward the direction of reviving Confucian beliefs (see Revival of Confucianism)

(45.5) Preventative Measures Against Cheating During the Song

- Candidates were searched for cheat sheets before taking the exams - Candidates were given numbers so names would not be recognized by possibly corrupt judges - Scribes copied over the tests so handwriting would not be recognized by possibly corrupt judges - Guards watched the test takers so they would not cheat (NOTE: There were two judges who graded the tests, but if they did not agree, a third judge would make the final decision) (NOTE: If a person was caught cheating, a possible punishment was death!)

(36) Tang Tax System

- Early in the Tang dynasty, poor peasants (tenant farmers) could live on tax-free estates - The tenant farmers had to pay rent (in labor or harvest) to the landowner - Later in the Tang dynasty, there were no more tax-free estates, so landowners now had to pay high taxes (in part, due to more grain from quick-ripening rice) - The amount of taxes was based on how much land the people owned - The landowner did not want to pay the higher taxes, so the landowner charged the peasants more rent (grain harvest) - If the landowner could not afford the higher taxes, then the landowner might have to sell his land and also become tenant farmer

(30) Revival of Confucianism

- In fear of revolt for destroying Buddhism, the Tang government quickly moved to the direction of riving Confucianism - Built Confucian temples, added Confucian rituals, Confucian songs, Confucian deities (gods) - Stressed the Confucian Analects and Classics - Revived the Civil Service System to bring back the Ruler to Subjects beliefs and instill the idea that the subjects should never question the ruler (See Civil Service System under the Tang)

(8) Government System Under the Qin

- Local officials from 36 districts reported to the military and civil governors of each district - The military and civil governors from each of the 36 districts reported to the imperial inspectors of each district - The imperial inspectors from each of the 36 districts reported to the three top advisors - The three top advisors reported to the emperor

(48) Literati

- high ranking government officials (possibly members of the Grand Council) who shared scholarly beliefs and discussed politics and Confucian thought

(46) Juren

-"elevated man"- -group of scholars who passed the first level civil service exam (local level) and then went on to take the second imperial exam at the capital, Kaifeng - Highly respected and brought honor to the family - However, Juren were not guaranteed a government position - They could stay in Kaifeng and sit for the third and final test -Less then 10% passed

-2x^2+1x^2+4x+7x-12

-2x^2+1x^2=-1 4x+7x=11x -1x^2+11x-12 is our answer (standard form)

(19) Fall of Han

-A revolt overthrew Han -The period of Warring States (220-589 CE) -China was reunified in 589 by the Sui dynasty

(20) Emperor Wendi

-Also known as Yang Jaing -Sui reunited China in 589 - Founded the Sui Dynasty

(44) Jurchen

-Asians that moved into Manchuria -Established the Jin dynasty, to the north of the Song - Moved into part of the Song territory in the north -The Jin capital was in present day Beijing -because the Jin dynasty was so close to the Song, the Song moved further south to Hangzhou on the East China Sea

(41) Song Government

-Broken into 4 main branches: 1) Emperor at the top 2) Grand Council: High ranking government officials (most likely the literati) who oversaw the Secretariat & Chancellery and the Department of State Affairs; also consulted with the emperor and made important decisions 3) Secretariat and Chancellery: Advised the emperor 4) Department of State Affairs: -ruled over 6 smaller branches: 1) Civil Office: Employed government officials 2) The Rites: Oversaw religious observances and rituals for foreign dignitaries 3) Revenue: Oversaw taxes 4) Justice: Oversaw Laws 5) War: Oversaw defense 6) Public Works: Worked on the infrastructure Also had many local officials throughout the empire

(16) "Pax Sinica" (and Importance)

-Chinese Peace -allowed traders to travel safely along the silk road, -trade between east and west began to flourish

(27) Du Fu

-Confucianist who wrote about human suffering

(28) Li Bo (AKA Li Bai)

-Daoist poet who wrote about happiness -died while trying to reach his reflection in the water (Drunk)

(45) Civil Service System

-Exams at 3 levels -Less then 10% passed the local exam (first level), if you passed you went on to the Imperial Exam in Kaifeng -Less then 10% passed the Imperial Exam (second level) if you passed that you would become a Juren (the title brought honor to family but not necessarily a government position) - If you passed the Imperial Exam, you could go on to the third and final level, taking a third exam - Less then 10% passed, but if you did, you would become a jinshi (which brought great honor to the family and guaranteed a government position)

(25) Li Yuan

-Founded the Tang dynasty -which extended the empire to the west -and contact with Muslim, and Indian Empires

(3) Dynastic Cycle (in depth)

-Four Main Stages: 1. the founding of the dynasty -previous dynasty was usually defeated through a revolt -the right to rule became hereditary and a new dynasty emerged 2.time of peace and prosperity -Dynasty became powerful by making people work and by collecting taxes -used wealth to improve the general welfare of the people -used the wealth to improve the infrastructure (improvements in roads, irrigation systems, new buildings such as palaces, temples and libraries, and added emphasis on the arts and education 3.Period of Decline -rulers stopped caring about the welfare of the people -became corrupt, and lived in luxury -raised taxes -stopped maintaining the irrigations causing flooding or drought -did not maintaining the military 4. Overthrow of a Dynasty -eventually there would be a revolt, nomadic invasion, or a natural disaster causing the dynasty to collapse -a new dynasty would emerge and the cycle would start over

(38) Fall of the Tang

-Gradually declined because of: *Weak Emperors *Eunuchs Gained too much power *high taxes, then falling taxes *Natural Disaster:floods, droughts, disease *Governors in provinces stopped trusting the Emperor and questioned his power *Nomadic Attacks

(40) The First Song Capital

-Kaifeng

(42) Khitan (Liao)

-Mongols who threatened the Song -Song paid the Khitan 200,000 rolls of silk, and 100,000 ounces of silver each year - Price tag increased to 300,000 rolls of silk and 200,000 ounces of silver after the Tanguts made a treaty with the Song

(43) Tanguts

-Threatened the Song - Agreed to the boundary separating them from China in a northwest region called Xi Xia since the Song agreed to a peace treaty - According the terms of the treaty, the Song paid the Tanguts 130,000 rolls of silk, 50,000 ounces of silver, and 20,000 pounds of tea each year to keep the peace

(37) Tenant Farmer

-a person who farms the land of another and pays rent with cash, labor, or with a portion of the produce (Vicious cycle of Doom!!!!)

(17.5) Middlemen

-a person who plays an economic role intermediate between producer and retailer or consumer.

(32) Secretariat & Chancellery

-advised the emperor

(4) Infrastructure

-an underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. -the basic facilities, service, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or a society

(2) "China is a sea which salts all rivers..."

-believed that outsiders would be absorbed into China

(5) Shi Huangdi/ Shi Huangdi's Rule

-first emperor of united China -ruled from 221 BCE - 207 BCE -established the Qin Capital: Xianyang -didn't want new ideas spreading -did not allow scholars to meet -burned all books except medical books -later killed all scholars -valued peasants, and soldiers -compulsory labor 1 month per year: built roads, irrigation channels, and the Great Wall

(39) Zhao Kuangyin

-founded the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1126)

(12) Accomplishments of the Han

-founded the civil service system -meritocracy, only the wealthy could afford a tutor - Established Imperial Academy - Extended the territory to include Manchuria, Korea, Indochina, and Central Asia - Established Leveling - Defeated the Hun and brought about "Pax Sinica" - Led to safety along Silk Road which brought about more trade

(15) Leveling

-govt. bought and stored surplus grain in times of a good harvest to keep prices from falling -during bad harvests, govt. sold previous surplus to keep price from rising (Supply & Demand)

(47) Jinshi

-if a person passed the 3rd test, they were considered an "Advanced Scholar" *guaranteed a government position, and would bring great honer to his family

(10) Liu Bang (Han)

-led peasant revolt against Qin -Founded the Han Dynasty

(14) Wu Di's Accomplishments (AKA: Wudi)

-ruled from 140 BCE to 87 BCE -founded the imperial academy for scholars to study confucian classics -the Han extended their territory to include Manchuria, Korea, Indochina, and central Asia -Established leveling -Han fought the Huns, and restored peace -Brought about "Pax Sinica" - Led to safety along Silk Road which brought about more trade

(33) Department of State Affairs

-ruled over 6 smaller branches: *Civil Office: employed government officials *The Rites: Oversaw religious observances and rituals for foreign dignitaries *Revenue: Oversaw taxes *Justice: Oversaw Laws *War: Oversaw defense *Public Works: Worked on the infrastructure

4.83x10^6

=4,830,000

45,000

=4.5x10^4

6.22x10^12

=6,220,000,000,000

0.0000087

=8.7x10^-6

less than

Duke Ellington

A 1930's US musician

India

A large country located in Southern Asia. The topic of these flashcards.

Inverse-square law

A law relating the intensity of an effect to the inverse square of the distance from the cause: *Intensity ~ 1/distance²* Gravity follows an inverse-square law, as do the effects of electric, magnetic, light, sound, and radiation phenomena.

Which of the following best illustrates a bill of attainder?

A law that declares Osama Bin Laden committed treason by orchestrating the 9/11 attacks

Land Ordinance of 1785

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

Threshold

A level or point at which something would start or cease to happen or come into effect.

Constraint

A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. A limitation or restriction.

Constraints

A limit to the design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities.

Perpendicular Bisector

A line that is perpendicular to a segment at its midpoint.

Centerline

A line type that is used to indicate the axis of symmetry for a part or feature.

Hidden Line

A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible because it is behind or beneath another surface.

Why are people of Quebec called seperatists?

A lot of citizens in Quebec do not want to be part of Canada. They want to "spearate" and become their own country.

Mestizo

A person of both Spanish and Native American lineage.

Thumbnail Sketch

A preliminary visual of a possible idea for a design. Most thumbnail sketches are not full-size and have little detail. They are intended to quickly explore possible alternative designs.

10 years

A president cannot extend past:

Rack and Pinion

A rotating gear that meshes with a bar that has gear teeth along its length. Changes rotating motion into linear motion.

Sketch

A rough drawing representing the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study.

Right Triangle

A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.

Swing Turn

A turn where one wheel rotates and the other stays in place, causing the robot's body to "swing" around the stationary wheel.

Denominator

Divisor; the number below the line in a fraction.

Part 2: Military and struggles

During the early republic, the Roman state grew exponentially in both size and power. Though the Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C., the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the military hero Camillus, eventually gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula by 264 B.C. Rome then fought a series of wars known as the Punic Wars with Carthage, a powerful city-state in northern Africa. The first two Punic Wars ended with Rome in full control of Sicily, the western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.), the Romans captured and destroyed the city of Carthage and sold its surviving inhabitants into slavery, making a section of northern Africa a Roman province. At the same time, Rome also spread its influence east, defeating King Philip V of Macedonia in the Macedonian Wars and turning his kingdom into another Roman province. At this rate Rome was manly conquering most of Europe, and northern African. Rome's military conquests led directly to its cultural growth as a society, as the Romans benefited greatly from contact with such advanced cultures as the Greeks. The first Roman literature appeared around 240 B.C., with translations of Greek classics into Latin; Romans would eventually adopt much of Greek art, philosophy and religion. Rome's complex political institutions began to crumble under the weight of the growing empire, ushering in an era of internal turmoil and violence. The gap between rich and poor widened as wealthy landowners drove small farmers from public land, while access to government was increasingly limited to the more privileged classes. Attempts to address these social problems, such as the reform movements of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus (in133 B.C. and 123-22 B.C., respectively) ended in the reformers' deaths at the hands of their opponents. These acts of attempts to close the gap failed, instead cause death. Gaius Marius, a commoner whose military prowess elevated him to the position of consul (for the first of six terms) in 107 B.C., was the first of a series of warlords who would dominate Rome during the late republic. By 91 B.C., Marius was struggling against attacks by his opponents, including his fellow general Sulla, who emerged as military dictator around 82 B.C. After Sulla retired, one of his former supporters, Pompey, briefly served as consul before waging successful military campaigns against pirates in the Mediterranean and the forces of Mithridates in Asia. During this same period, Marcus Tullius Cicero, elected consul in 63 B.C., famously defeated the conspiracy of the patrician Cataline and won a reputation as one of Rome's greatest orators.

From Iconoclasm to Monasticism

During the eighth and early ninth centuries, Byzantine emperors (beginning with Leo III in 730) spearheaded a movement that denied the holiness of icons, or religious images, and prohibited their worship or veneration. Known as Iconoclasm-literally "the smashing of images"-the movement waxed and waned under various rulers, but did not end definitively until 843, when a Church council under Emperor Michael III ruled in favor of the display of religious images. During the late 10th and early 11th centuries, under the rule of the Macedonian dynasty founded by Michael III's successor, Basil, the Byzantine Empire enjoyed a golden age. Though it stretched over less territory, Byzantium had more control over trade, more wealth and more international prestige than under Justinian. The strong imperial government patronized the arts, restored churches, palaces and other cultural institutions and promoted the study of ancient Greek history and literature. Greek became the official language of the state, and a flourishing culture of monasticism centered on Mount Athos in northeastern Greece. Monks administered many institutions (orphanages, schools, hospitals) in everyday life, and Byzantine missionaries won many converts to Christianity among the Slavic peoples of the central and eastern Balkans (including Bulgaria and Serbia) and Russia.

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire & Its Legacy

During the rule of the Palaiologan emperors, beginning with Michael VIII in 1261, the economy of the once-mighty Byzantine state was crippled, and never regained its former stature. In 1369, Emperor John V unsuccessfully sought financial help from the West to confront the growing Turkish threat, but was arrested as an insolvent debtor in Venice. Four years later, he was forced-like the Serbian princes and the ruler of Bulgaria-to become a vassal of the mighty Turks. As a vassal state, Byzantium paid tribute to the sultan and provided him with military support. Under John's successors, the empire gained sporadic relief from Ottoman oppression, but the rise of Murad II as sultan in 1421 marked the end of the final respite. Murad revoked all privileges given to the Byzantines and laid siege to Constantinople; his successor, Mehmed II, completed this process when he launched the final attack on the city. On May 29, 1453, after an Ottoman army stormed Constantinople, Mehmed triumphantly entered the Hagia Sophia, which would become the city's leading mosque. Emperor Constantine XI died in battle that day, and the decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire was complete. In the centuries leading up to the final Ottoman conquest in 1453, the culture of the Byzantine Empire-including literature, art and theology-flourished once again, even as the empire itself faltered. Byzantine culture would exert a great influence on the Western intellectual tradition, as scholars of the Italian Renaissance sought help from Byzantine scholars in translating Greek pagan and Christian writings. (This process would continue after 1453, when many of these scholars fled to Italy from Constantinople.) Long after its "end," Byzantine culture and civilization continued to exercise an influence on countries that practiced its Orthodox religion, including Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece, among others

The birth and the dark ages

During the so-called "Greek Dark Ages" before the archaic period, people lived scattered throughout Greece in small farming villages. As they grew larger, these villages began to evolve. Some built walls. Most built a marketplace (an agora) and a community meeting place. They developed governments and organized their citizens according to some sort of constitution or set of laws. They raised armies and collected taxes. And every one of these city-states (known as poleis) was said to be protected by a particular god or goddess, to whom the citizens of the polis owed a great deal of reverence, respect and sacrifice. (Athens's deity was Athena, for example; so was Sparta's.) Though their citizens had in common what Herodotus called "the same stock and the same speech, our shared temples of the gods and religious rituals, our similar customs," every Greek city-state was different. The largest, Sparta, controlled about 300 square miles of territory; the smallest had just a few hundred people. However, by the dawn of the archaic period in the seventh century B.C., the city-states had developed a number of common characteristics. They all had economies that were based on agriculture, not trade: For this reason, land was every city-state's most valuable resource. Also, most had overthrown their hereditary kings, or basileus, and were ruled by a small number of wealthy aristocrats. These people monopolized political power. (For example, they refused to let ordinary people serve on councils or assemblies.) They also monopolized the best farmland, and some even claimed to be descended from the gods. Because "the poor with their wives and children were enslaved to the rich and had no political rights," Aristotle said, "there was conflict between the nobles and the people for a long time."

Which of the following did not sign the Constitution even though he was present on the day it was signed?

Edmund Randolph

Which of the following is/are among the policies favored by social conservatives?

Efforts to make abortion legal

colonization

Emigration was one way to relieve some of this tension. Land was the most important source of wealth in the city-states; it was also, obviously, in finite supply. The pressure of population growth pushed many men away from their home poleis and into sparsely populated areas around Greece and the Aegean. Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C., Greek colonies sprang up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa to the coast of the Black Sea. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis. Each of these poleis was an independent city-state. In this way, the colonies of the Archaic period were different from other colonies we are familiar with: The people who lived there were not ruled by or bound to the city-states from which they came. The new poleis were self-governing and self-sufficient.

The Black Death

Even before the "death ships" pulled into port at Messina, many Europeans had heard rumors about a "Great Pestilence" that was carving a deadly path across the trade routes of the Near and Far East. (Early in the 1340's, the disease had struck China, India, Persia, Syria and Egypt.) However, they were scarcely equipped for the horrible reality of the Black Death. "In men and women alike," the Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio wrote, "at the beginning of the malady, certain swellings, either on the groin or under the armpits...waxed to the bigness of a common apple, others to the size of an egg, some more and some less, and these the vulgar named plague-boils." Blood and pus seeped out of these strange swellings, which were followed by a host of other unpleasant symptoms-fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, terrible aches and pains-and then, in short order, death. The Black Death was terrifyingly, indiscriminately contagious: "the mere touching of the clothes," wrote Boccaccio, "appeared to itself to communicate the malady to the toucher." The disease was also terrifyingly efficient. People who were perfectly healthy when they went to bed at night could be dead by morning.

The Predynastic Period (c. 5000-3100 B.C.)

Few written records or artifacts have been found from the Predynastic Period, which encompassed at least 2,000 years of gradual development of the Egyptian civilization. Neolithic (late Stone Age) communities in northeastern Africa exchanged hunting for agriculture and made early advances that paved the way for the later development of Egyptian arts and crafts, technology, politics and religion (including a great reverence for the dead and possibly a belief in life after death). Around 3400 B.C., two separate kingdoms were established: the Red Land to the north, based in the Nile River Delta and extending along the Nile perhaps to Atfih; and the White Land in the south, stretching from Atfih to Gebel es-Silsila. A southern king, Scorpion, made the first attempts to conquer the northern kingdom around 3200 B.C. A century later, King Menes would subdue the north and unify the country, becoming the first king of the first dynasty.

Who was the president of the Convention?

George Washington

Which state was the only one of the original states to say "no" to the Constitution?

Georgia

Dionysus

God of wine & parties

Aphrodite

Goddess of Love & Beauty

Demeter

Goddess of agriculture

Eris

Goddess of discord

Hestia

Goddess of the hearth

Artemis

Goddess of the moon & hunting

Athena

Goddess of wisdom & knowledge

Lyndon Johnson's agenda called that the ________ Promgram resulted in the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Medicare in 1965

Great Society

Polis

Greek word for city-state

Two Dimensional (2D)

Having the dimensions of height and width, height and depth, or width and depth only.

Three Dimensional (3D)

Having the dimensions of height, width, and depth.

Why have some claimed that John McCain was constitutionally ineligible to be president of the United States?

He is not a natural born citizen because he was born in the Panama Canal Zone

If no presidential candidate wins a majority of electoral votes, who then selects the president?

House of Representatives

Process

Human activities used to create, invent, design, transform, produce, control, maintain, and use products or systems; a sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output.

The Aztec Empire

In 1428, under their leader Itzcoatl, the Aztecs formed a three-way alliance with the Texcocans and the Tacubans to defeat their most powerful rivals for influence in the region, the Tepanec, and conquer their capital of Azcapotzalco. Itzcoatl's successor Montezuma (Moctezuma) I, who took power in 1440, was a great warrior who was remembered as the father of the Aztec empire. By the early 16th century, the Aztecs had come to rule over up to 500 small states, and some 5 to 6 million people, either by conquest or commerce. Tenochtitlán at its height had more than 140,000 inhabitants, and was the most densely populated city ever to exist in Mesoamerica. Bustling markets such as Tenochtitlán's Tlatelolco, visited by some 50,000 people on major market days, drove the Aztec economy. The Aztec civilization was also highly developed socially, intellectually and artistically. It was a highly structured society with a strict caste system; at the top were nobles, while at the bottom were serfs, indentured servants and slaves. The Aztec faith shared many aspects with other Mesoamerican religions, like that of the Maya, notably including the rite of human sacrifice. In the great cities of the Aztec empire, magnificent temples, palaces, plazas and statues embodied the civilization's unfailing devotion to the many Aztec gods, including Huitzilopochtli (god of war and of the sun) and Quetzalcoatl ("Feathered Serpent"), a Toltec god who served many important roles in the Aztec faith over the years. The Aztec calendar, common in much of Mesoamerica, was based on a solar cycle of 365 days and a ritual cycle of 260 days; the calendar played a central role in the religion and rituals of Aztec society.

The Wave Function

In 1926, just weeks after several other physicists had published equations describing quantum physics in terms of matrices, Erwin Schrödinger created quantum equations based on wave mathematics , a mathematical system that corresponds to the world we know much more then the matrices. After the initial shock, first Schrödinger himself then others proved that the equations were mathematically equivalent. Bohr then invited Schrödinger to Copenhagen where they found that Schrödinger's waves were in fact nothing like real waves. For one thing, each particle that was being described as a wave required three dimensions. Even worse, from Schrödinger's point of view, particles still jumped from one quantum state to another; even expressed in terms of waves space was still not continuous. Unfortunately, even today people try to imagine the atomic world as being a bunch of classical waves. As Schrödinger found out, this could not be further from the truth. The atomic world is nothing like our world, no matter how much we try to pretend it is. In many ways, the success of Schrödinger's equations has prevented people from thinking more deeply about the true nature of the atomic world.

The "________ primary" is a term that is used to reference the campaign finances that pour in prior to the start of the primary season thus reflecting who is leading at the start of primaries

Invisible

How is the state legistlature organized?

It is bicameral or divided into two houses

advantages of globalization (economic)

Jobs, capital, more choices for consumers

Who is Chaska's representative?

Joe Hoppe

Speaker of the House

John Boehner

Speaker of the House

John Boehner (R)

The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian

Justinian I, who took power in 527 and would rule until his death in 565, was the first great ruler of the Byzantine Empire. During the years of his reign, the empire included most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, as Justinian's armies conquered part of the former Western Roman Empire, including North Africa. Many great monuments of the empire would be built under Justinian, including the domed Church of Holy Wisdom, or Hagia Sophia (532-37 A.D.). Justinian also reformed and codified Roman law, establishing a Byzantine legal code that would endure for centuries and help shape the modern concept of the state. At the time of Justinian's death, the Byzantine Empire reigned supreme as the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Debts incurred through war had left the empire in dire financial straits, however, and his successors were forced to heavily tax Byzantine citizens in order to keep the empire afloat. In addition, the imperial army was stretched too thin, and would struggle in vain to maintain the territory conquered during Justinian's rule. During the seventh and eighth centuries, attacks by Persians and Slavs, combined with internal political instability and economic regression, threatened the empire. A new, even more serious threat arose in the form of Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca in 622. In 634, Muslim armies began their assault on the Byzantine Empire by storming into Syria. By the end of the century, Byzantium would lose Syria, the Holy Land, Egypt and North Africa (among other territories) to Islamic forces.

Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period (c. 3100-2686 B.C.)

King Menes founded the capital of ancient Egypt at White Walls (later known as Memphis), in the north, near the apex of the Nile River delta. The capital would grow into a great metropolis that dominated Egyptian society during the Old Kingdom period. The Archaic Period saw the development of the foundations of Egyptian society, including the all-important ideology of kingship. To the ancient Egyptians, the king was a godlike being, closely identified with the all-powerful god Horus. The earliest known hieroglyphic writing also dates to this period. In the Archaic Period, as in all other periods, most ancient Egyptians were farmers living in small villages, and agriculture (largely wheat and barley) formed the economic base of the Egyptian state. The annual flooding of the great Nile River provided the necessary irrigation and fertilization each year; farmers sowed the wheat after the flooding receded and harvested it before the season of high temperatures and drought returned.

Wars and Athens

Led by Athens and Sparta, the Greek city-states were engaged in a great war with the Persian Empire at the beginning of the fifth century B.C. In 498 B.C., Greek forces sacked the Persian city of Sardis. In 490 B.C., the Persian king sent a naval expedition across the Aegean to attack Athenian troops at Marathon. Despite a resounding Athenian victory there, the Persians did not give up. In 480 B.C., the new Persian king sent a massive army across the Hellespont to Thermopylae, where 60,000 Persian troops defeated 5,000 Greeks. The year after that, however, the Greeks defeated the Persians for good at the battle of Salamis. The defeat of the Persians marked the beginning of Athenian political, economic, and cultural dominance. In 507 B.C., the Athenian nobleman Cleisthenes had overthrown the last of the autocratic tyrants and devised a new system of citizen self-governance that he called demokratia. In Cleisthenes' democratic system, every male citizen older than 18 was eligible to join the ekklesia, or Assembly, the sovereign governing body of Athens. Other legislators were chosen randomly by lot, not by election. And in this democracy, officials were sworn to act "according to the laws what is best for the people." However, demokratia did not mean that Athens approached her relationships with other Greek city-states with anything approaching egalitarianism. To protect far-flung Greek territories from Persian interference, Athens organized a confederacy of allies that it called the Delian League in 478 B.C. Athens was clearly in charge of this coalition; as a result, most Delian League dues wound up in the city-state's own treasury, where they helped make Athens into a wealthy imperial power. In the 450s, the Athenian general Pericles consolidated his own power by using all that tribute money to serve the citizens of Athens, rich and poor. (Generals were among the only public officials in Athens who were elected, not appointed, and who could keep their jobs for more than one year.) For example, Pericles paid modest wages to jurors and members of the ekklesia so that, in theory, everyone who was eligible could afford to participate in the public life of the demokratia.

Cuba's government

Led by a dictator, only one political party is allowed, citizens are required to vote.

extradition

Legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to it from another state

From Caesar to Augustus

Less than a year later, Caesar was murdered by a group of his enemies (led by the republican nobles Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius). Consul Mark Antony and Caesar's great-nephew and adopted heir, Octavian, joined forces to crush Brutus and Cassius and divided power in Rome with ex-consul Lepidus in what was known as the Second Triumvirate. With Octavian leading the western provinces, Antony the east, and Lepidus Africa, tensions developed by 36 B.C. and the triumvirate soon dissolved. In 31 B.C., Octavian trumped over the forces of Antony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt (also rumored to be the onetime lover of Julius Caesar) in the Battle of Actium. In the wake of this devastating defeat, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide. By 29 B.C., Octavian was the sole leader of Rome and all its provinces. To avoid meeting Caesar's fate, he made sure to make his position as absolute ruler acceptable to the public by apparently restoring the political institutions of the Roman republic while in reality retaining all real power for himself. In 27 B.C., Octavian assumed the title of Augustus, becoming the first emperor of Rome.

Part 5: From Caesar to Augustus

Logarithmic Functions

Like many types of functions, the exponential function has an inverse. This inverse is called the logarithmic function. log x = y means a y = x . where a is called the base; a > 0 and a≠1 . For example, log2 32 = 5 because 2^5=32 . log5 625=4 because 5^4=625

theocracy

Literally, rule by God or the gods; in practice, rule by religious leaders, typically self-appointed.

"When in doubt, _____ it out."

Locke

Collinear

Lying in the same straight line.

Which of the following states currently uses the District plan as the system to select their state's electors in a presidential election?

Maine

The Electoral College served as pseudo-compromise between selection by______ and a popular vote

Majority

Extend

Make larger in area.

Which Supreme Court case established the Court's power of judicial review?

Marbury vs. Madison

Man-eating creature, half-man/half-bull

Minotaur

The Uncertainty Principle

Newton figured that much out back in the early eighteenth century; just observe the position and momentum of the electron as it leaves the electron gun and we can determine exactly where it goes. How exactly are we to determine the position and the momentum of the electron? If we disturb the electrons just in seeing if they are there or not, how are we possibly going to determine both their position and momentum? Still, a clever enough person, say Albert Einstein, should be able to come up with something, right? Unfortunately not. Einstein did actually spend a good deal of his life trying to do just that and failed. Furthermore, it turns out that if it were possible to determine both the position and the momentum at the same time, Quantum Physics would collapse. Because of the latter, Werner Heisenberg proposed in 1925 that it is in fact physically impossible to do so. As he stated it in what now is called the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, if you determine an object's position with uncertainty x, there must be an uncertainty in momentum, p, such that xp > h/4pi, where h is Planck's constant. In other words, you can determine either the position or the momentum of an object as accurately as you like, but the act of doing so makes your measurement of the other property that much less. Human beings may someday build a device capable of transporting objects across the galaxy, but no one will ever be able to measure both the momentum and the position of an object at the same time. This applies not only to electrons but also to objects such as tennis balls and toasters, though for these objects the amount of uncertainty is so small compared to there size that it can safely be ignored under most circumstances

Coincident

Occupying the same area in space.

federalism

One preoblem with electoral college is that it would undermine ___ because states would lose their role in the choice of president

Which of the following types of primaries allows those registered with the party independents to vote within the election?

Open primary

Hydraulic

Operated by the action of water or other fluids.

What is an informal way of amending the Constitution?

Passage of an amendment by a vote of two-thirds of the state legislature without Congressional approval

Art and architecture

Pericles also used the tribute money to support Athenian artists and thinkers. For instance, he paid to rebuild the parts of Athens that the Persian Wars had destroyed. The result was the magnificent Parthenon, a new temple in honor of the goddess Athena at the Acropolis. (Pericles also oversaw the construction of the temple at Hephaestos, the Odeion concert hall, and the temple of Poseidon at Attica.) Likewise, Pericles paid for the annual production of comedic and dramatic plays at the Acropolis. (Wealthy people offset some of these costs by paying voluntary taxes called liturgies.) Dramatists like Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides and the comic playwright Aristophanes all won a great deal of renowned for their depictions of relationships between men and gods, citizens and polis, and fate and justice. These plays, like the Parthenon, still epitomize the cultural achievements of classical Greece. Along with the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides and the ideas of the physician Hippokrates, they are defined by logic, pattern and order, and they have in common a faith in humanism above all else. These are the attributes that today are associated with the art, the culture and even the politics of the era.

Darius

Persian leader who attacked the Plain of Marathon

Pneumatic

Pertaining to or operated by air or other gas.

What concept did Madison's theory that a larger republica was more advantageous than a smaller republic in fighting the "mischiefs of faction" revolve around?

Pluralism

Chairman RNC

Reince Priebus

Schrödinger's Cat

Remember a while ago I said there was a problem with the Copenhagen interpretation? Well, you now know enough of what quantum physics is to be able to discuss what it isn't, and by far the biggest thing it isn't is complete. Sure, the math seems to be complete, but the theory includes absolutely nothing that would tie the math to any physical reality we could imagine. Furthermore, quantum physics leaves us with a rather large open question: what is reality? The Copenhagen interpretation attempts to solve this problem by saying that reality is what is measured. However, the measuring device itself is then not real until it is measured. The problem, which is known as the measurement problem, is when does the cycle stop? Remember that when we last left Schrödinger he was muttering about the "quantum jumping." He never did get used to quantum physics, but, unlike Einstein, he was able to come up with a very real demonstration of just how incomplete the physical view of our world given by quantum physics really is. Imagine a box in which there is a radioactive source, a Geiger counter (or anything that records the presence of radioactive particles), a bottle of cyanide, and a cat. The detector is turned on for just long enough that there is a fifty-fifty chance that the radioactive material will decay. If the material does decay, the Geiger counter detects the particle and crushes the bottle of cyanide, killing the cat. If the material does not decay, the cat lives. To us outside the box, the time of detection is when the box is open. At that point, the wave function collapses and the cat either dies or lives. However, until the box is opened, the cat is both dead and alive. On one hand, the cat itself could be considered the detector; it's presence is enough to collapse the wave function. But in that case, would the presence of a rat be enough? Or an ameba? Where is the line drawn? On the other hand, what if you replace the cat with a human (named "Wigner's friend" after Eugene Wigner, the physicist who developed many derivations of the Schrödinger's cat experiment). The human is certainly able to collapse the wave function, yet to us outside the box the measurement is not taken until the box is opened. If we try to develop some sort of "quantum relativity" where each individual has his own view of the world, then what is to prevent the world from getting "out of sync" between observers? While there are many different interpretations that solve the problem of Schrödinger's Cat, one of which we will discuss shortly, none of them are satisfactory enough to have convinced a majority of physicists that the consequences of these interpretation s are better then the half dead cat. Furthermore, while these interpretations do prevent a half dead cat, they do not solve the underlying measurement problem. Until a better intrepretation surfaces, we are left with the Copenhagen interpretation and it's half dead cat. We can certainly understand how Schrödinger feels when he says, "I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it." Yet the problem doesn't go away; it is just left for the great thinkers of tomorrow.

Geometric Constraints

Restrictions applied to geometric entities; for example, horizontal, parallel, perpendicular, and tangent.

Policymaking System

Reveals the way our government responds to the proirites of its people.

Indiana's Senior / Longest Serving Senator

Richard Lugar

2nd amendment

Right to keep and bear arms.

Calafornia

Sacramento

What rebellion in Massachusetts showed the glaring weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shay's Rebellion

Tangent

Sine and cosine are not the only trigonometric functions used in trigonometry.The most useful of these is the tangent. Basicly the tanget is the line that cuts a ray forming an angle in a right triangle.

The Copenhagen Interpretation

So sometimes a particle acts like a particle and other times it acts like a wave. So which is it? According to Niels Bohr, who worked in Copenhagen when he presented what is now known as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, the particle is what you measure it to be. When it looks like a particle, it is a particle. When it looks like a wave, it is a wave. Furthermore, it is meaningless to ascribe any properties or even existence to anything that has not been measured. Bohr is basically saying that nothing is real unless it is observed. While there are many other interpretations of quantum physics, all based on the Copenhagen interpretation, the Copenhagen interpretation is by far the most widely used because it provides a "generic" interpretation that does not try to say any more then can be proven. Even so, the Copenhagen interpretation does have a flaw that we will discuss later. Still, since after 70 years no one has been able to come up with an interpretation that works better then the Copenhagen interpretation.

The Quantum and Planck's Constant

So what is that h that was so important in the Uncertainty Principle? Well, technically speaking, it's 6.63 X 10^-34 joule-seconds. It's call Planck's constant after Max Planck who, in 1900, introduced it in the equation E=hv where E is the energy of each quantum of radiation and v is it's frequency. What this says is that energy is not continuous as everyone had assumed but only comes in certain finite sizes based on Planck's constant. At first physicists thought that this was just a neat mathematical trick Planck used to explain experimental results that did not agree with classical physics. Then, in 1904, Einstein used this idea to explain certain properties of light--he said that light was in fact a particle with energy E=hv. After that the idea that energy isn't continuous was taken as a fact of nature - and with amazing results. There was now a reason why electrons were only found in certain energy levels around the nucleus of an atom. Ironically, Einstein gave quantum theory the push it needed to become the valid theory it is today, though he would spend the rest of his lift trying to prove that it was not a true description of nature. Also, by combining Planck's constant, the constant of gravity, and the speed of light, it is possible to create a quantum of length (about 10^-35 meter) and a quantum of time (about 10^-43 sec), called, respectively, Planck's length and Planck's time. While saying that energy is not continuous might not be too startling to the average person, since what we commonly think of as energy is not all that well defined anyway, it is startling to say that there are quantities of space and time that cannot be broken up into smaller pieces. Yet it is exactly this that gives nature a finite number of routes to take when an electron interferes with itself. Although it may seem like the idea that energy is quantized is a minor part of quantum physics when compared with ghost electrons and the uncertainty principle, it really is a fundamental statement about nature that caused everything else we've talked about to be discovered. And it is always true. In the strange world of the atom, anything that can be taken for granted is a major step towards an "atomic world view".

The Collapse of the Wave Function

So why bring up the wave function at all if it hampers full appreciation of the atomic world? For one thing, the equations are much more familiar to physicists, so Schrödinger's equations are used much more often then the others. Also, it turns out that Bohr liked the idea and used it in his Copenhagen interpretation. Remember our experiment with electrons? Each possible route that the electron could take, called a ghost, could be described by a wave function. As we shall see later, the "quantum jumping" insures that there are only a finite, though large, number of possible routes. When no one is watching, the electron take every possible route and therefore interferes with itself. However, when the electron is observed, it is forced to choose one path. Bohr called this the "collapse of the wave function". The probability that a certain path will be chosen when the wave function collapses is, essentially, the square of the path's wave function . Bohr reasoned that nature likes to keep it possibilities open, and therefore follows every possible path. Only when observed is nature forced to choose only one path, so only then is just one path taken .

Department of Energy

Steven Chu

Schenck v. United States

Supreme court decides that any actions taken that present a "clear and present danger" to the public or government isn't allowed, this can limit free speech

Which of the following powers is possesed by both the federal and stae governments?

Taxation

Which of the following would least likely be included as an advantage of incumbency?

The "scare-off" effect

Indrotuction

The Aztecs, who probably originated as a nomadic tribe in northern Mexico, arrived in Mesoamerica around the beginning of the 13th century. From their magnificent capital city, Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico, developing an intricate social, political, religious and commercial organization that brought many of the region's city-states under their control by the 15th century. Invaders led by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés overthrew the Aztecs by force and captured Tenochtitlán in 1521, bringing an end to Mesoamerica's last great native civilization.

As discussed in class, one of the parameters that boxed in the delegates at the Constitutional Convention was the fact that ultimately it would be the states that would meet to decide the issue of ratification, and holding immense power under the existing Articles of Confederation they stood to lose somer of that power. Which of the following would least likely be used as a means of alleviating the fears of the states that their existing power would be diminished too greatly by the new Constitution?

The House of Representatives has the "sole power" to impeach the president

Locating the Maya

The Maya civilization was one of the most dominant indigenous societies of Mesoamerica (a term used to describe Mexico and Central America before the 16th century Spanish conquest). Unlike other scattered indigenous populations of Mesoamerica, the Maya were centered in one geographical block covering all of the Yucatan Peninsula and modern-day Guatemala; Belize and parts of the Mexican states of Tabasco and Chiapas; and the western part of Honduras and El Salvador. This concentration showed that the Maya remained relatively secure from invasion by other Mesoamerican peoples. Within that expanse, the Maya lived in three separate sub-areas with distinct environmental and cultural differences: the northern Maya lowlands on the Yucatan Peninsula; the southern lowlands in the Peten district of northern Guatemala and adjacent portions of Mexico, Belize and western Honduras; and the southern Maya highlands, in the mountainous region of southern Guatemala. Most famously, the Maya of the southern lowland region reached their peak during the Classic Period of Maya civilization (A.D. 250 to 900), and built the great stone cities and monuments that have fascinated explorers and scholars of the region.

The powers of the state governments are most thoroughly described in ____ of the Constitution

The Tenth Amendment

Efficiency

The ability to bring a desired result with the least waste of time, energy, or material.

Offset

The amount by which something is out of line.

Archaic Renaissance?

The colonial migrations of the archaic period had an important effect on its art and literature: They spread Greek styles far and wide and encouraged people from all over to participate in the era's creative revolutions. The epic poet Homer, from Ionia, produced his Iliad and Odyssey during the archaic period. Sculptors created kouroi and korai carefully proportioned human figures that served as memorials to the dead. Scientists and mathematicians made progress too: Anaximandros devised a theory of gravity; Xenophanes wrote about his discovery of fossils; and Pythagoras of Kroton discovered his famous theorem. The economic, political, technological and artistic developments of the archaic period readied the Greek city-states for the monumental changes of the next few centuries.

What is political socialization?

The development and acquistion of particular attitudes and beliefs about the political system

Pitch

The distance between adjacent threads in a screw.

Depth

The distance from front to back.

Early Maya, 1800 B.C. to A.D. 250

The earliest Maya settlements date to around 1800 B.C., or the beginning of what is called the Preclassic or Formative Period. The earliest Maya were agricultural, growing crops such as corn (maize), beans, squash and cassava (manioc). During the Middle Preclassic Period, which lasted until about 300 B.C., Maya farmers began to expand their presence both in the highland and lowland regions. The Middle Preclassic Period also saw the rise of the first major Mesoamerican civilization, the Olmecs. Like other Mesamerican peoples, such as the Zapotec, Totonac, Teotihuacán and Aztec, the Maya derived a number of religious and cultural traits--as well as their number system and their famous calendar--from the Olmec. In addition to agriculture, the Preclassic Maya also displayed more advanced cultural traits like pyramid-building, city construction and the inscribing of stone monuments. The Late Preclassic city of Mirador, in the northern Peten, was one of the greatest cities ever built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Its size dwarfed the Classic Maya capital of Tikal, and its existence proves that the Maya flourished centuries before the Classic Period.

Byzantium and the Crusades

The end of the 11th century saw the beginning of the Crusades, the series of holy wars waged by Western Christians against Muslims in the Near East from 1095 to 1291. With the Seijuk Turks of central Asia bearing down on Constantinople, Emperor Alexius I turned to the West for help, resulting in the declaration of "holy war" by Pope Urban II at Clermont (France) that began the First Crusade. As armies from France, Germany and Italy poured into Byzantium, Alexius tried to force their leaders to swear an oath of loyalty to him in order to guarantee that land regained from the Turks would be restored to his empire. After Western and Byzantine forces recaptured Nicaea in Asia Minor from the Turks, Alexius and his army retreated, drawing accusations of betrayal from the Crusaders. During the subsequent Crusades, animosity continued to build between Byzantium and the West, culminating in the conquest and looting of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. The Latin regime established in Constantinople existed on shaky ground due to the open hostility of the city's population and its lack of money. Many refugees from Constantinople fled to Nicaea, site of a Byzantine government-in-exile that would retake the capital and overthrow Latin rule in 1261.

Early Aztec History

The exact origins of the Aztec people are uncertain, but they are believed to have begun as a northern tribe of hunter-gatherers whose name came from that of their homeland, Aztlán (or "White Land"). The Aztecs were also known as the Tenochca (from which the name for their capital city, Tenochtitlán, was derived) or the Mexica (the origin of the name of the city that would replace Tenochtitlán, as well as the name for the entire country). The Aztecs appeared in Mesoamerica--as the south-central region of pre-Columbian Mexico is known--in the early 13th century. Their arrival came just after, or perhaps helped bring about, the fall of the previously dominant Mesoamerican civilization, the Toltecs. When the Aztecs saw an eagle perched on a cactus on the marshy land near the southwest border of Lake Texcoco, they took it as a sign to build their settlement there. They drained the swampy land, constructed artificial islands on which they could plant gardens and established the foundations of their capital city, Tenochtitlán, in 1325 A.D. Typical Aztec crops included maize (corn), along with beans, squashes, potatoes, tomatoes and avocadoes; they also supported themselves through fishing and hunting local animals such as rabbits, armadillos, snakes, coyotes and wild turkey. Their relatively sophisticated system of agriculture (including intensive cultivation of land and irrigation methods) and a powerful military tradition would enable the Aztecs to build a successful state, and later an empire.

The 9/11 terrorist attacks on the U.S. had what impact on the federal relationship between the national and state governments?

The increased power of the federal government at the expense of the state governments

Which group of people do the Zapatistas support?

The indigenous (native) people of Mexico - the Chiapas.

Output

The information produced by a computer.

Third Intermediate Period (c. 1085-664 B.C.)

The next 400 years--known as the Third Intermediate Period--saw important changes in Egyptian politics, society and culture. Centralized government under the 21st dynasty pharaohs gave way to the resurgence of local officials, while foreigners from Libya and Nubia grabbed power for themselves and left a lasting imprint on Egypt's population. The 22nd dynasty began around 945 B.C. with King Sheshonq, a descendant of Libyans who had invaded Egypt during the late 20th dynasty and settled there. Many local rulers were virtually autonomous during this period and dynasties 23-24 are poorly documented. In the eighth century B.C., Nubian pharaohs beginning with Shabako, ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, established their own dynasty--the 25th--at Thebes. Under Kushite rule, Egypt clashed with the growing Assyrian empire. In 671 B.C., the Assyrian ruler Esarhaddon drove the Kushite king Taharka out of Memphis and destroyed the city; he then appointed his own rulers out of local governors and officials loyal to the Assyrians. One of them, Necho of Sais, ruled briefly as the first king of the 26th dynasty before being killed by the Kushite leader Tanuatamun, in a final, unsuccessful grab for power.

A New Rome

The term "Byzantine" derives from Byzantium, an ancient Greek colony founded by a man named Byzas. Located on the European side of the Bosporus (the strait linking the Black Sea to the Mediterranean), the site of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and trade point between Europe and Asia Minor. In 330 A.D., Roman Emperor Constantine I chose Byzantium as the site of a new Roman capital, Constantinople. Five years earlier, at the Council of Nicaea, Constantine had established Christianity (once an obscure Jewish sect) as Rome's official religion. The citizens of Constantinople and the rest of the Eastern Roman Empire identified strongly as Romans and Christians, though many of them spoke Greek and not Latin. Though Constantine ruled over a unified Roman Empire, this unity proved illusory after his death in 337. In 364, Emperor Valentinian I again divided the empire into western and eastern sections, putting himself in power in the west and his brother Valens in the east. The fate of the two regions diverged greatly over the next several centuries. In the west, constant attacks from German invaders such as the Visigoths broke the struggling empire down piece by piece until Italy was the only territory left under Roman control. In 476, the barbarian Odoacer overthrew the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, and Rome had fallen.

Introduction

The term "classical Greece" refers to the period between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the fifth century B.C. and the rise of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. The classical period was an era of war and conflict—first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the Athenians and the Spartans—but it was also an era of unprecedented political and cultural achievement. Besides the Parthenon and Greek tragedy, classical Greece brought us the historian Herodotus, the physician Hippokrates and the philosopher Socrates. It also brought us the political reforms that are ancient Greece's most enduring contribution to the modern world: the system known as demokratia, or "rule by the people."

introduction

The term Archaic Greece refers to the time three centuries before the classical age, between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.—a relatively sophisticated period in world history. Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but most of all it was the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented. The polis became the defining feature of Greek political life for hundreds of years.

Why are the Great Lakes important to both Canada and the US?

They are a great source of fresh water and good for trade and transportation.

What are some requirements to be a state representative?

They must live in the district they want to represent, at least 21 years old, a U.S. citizen

Why did the British Parliament enact the Sugar Act in 1764, which taxed goods imported by the colonists such as sugar, wine, and coffee?

To help pay for the French and Indian War

Lesen

To read

Which of the following is the most common reason cited by nonvoters for not voting?

Too busy

Sprocket

Toothlike projections arranged on a wheel rim to engage the links of a chain.

Experimentation

Try out a new procedure, idea, or activity.

Herbert Hoover

US President during the Great Depression. Hoovervilles were shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.)

Under Ahmose I, the first king of the 18th dynasty, Egypt was once again reunited. During the 18th dynasty, Egypt restored its control over Nubia and began military campaigns in Palestine, clashing with other powers in the area such as the Mitannians and the Hittites. The country went on to establish the world's first great empire, stretching from Nubia to the Euphrates River in Asia. In addition to powerful kings such as Amenhotep I (1546-1526 B.C.), Thutmose I (1525-1512 B.C.) and Amenhotep III (1417-1379 B.C.), the New Kingdom was notable for the role of royal women such as Queen Hatshepsut (1503-1482 B.C.), who began ruling as a regent for her young stepson (he later became Thutmose III, Egypt's greatest military hero), but rose to wield all the powers of a pharaoh. The controversial Amenhotep IV (c. 1379-1362), of the late 18th dynasty, undertook a religious revolution, disbanding the priesthoods dedicated to Amon-Re (a combination of the local Theban god Amon and the sun god Re) and forcing the exclusive worship of another sun-god, Aton. Renaming himself Akhenaton ("servant of the Aton"), he built a new capital in Middle Egypt called Akhetaton, known later as Amarna. Upon Akhenaton's death, the capital returned to Thebes and Egyptians returned to worshiping a multitude of gods. The 19th and 20th dynasties, known as the Ramesside period (for the line of kings named Ramses) saw the restoration of the weakened Egyptian empire and an impressive amount of building, including great temples and cities. According to biblical chronology, the Exodus of Moses and the Israelites from Egypt possibly occurred during the reign of Ramses II (1304-1237 B.C.).All of the New Kingdom rulers (with the exception of Akhenaton) were laid to rest in deep, rock-cut tombs (not pyramids) in the Valley of the Kings, a burial site on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes. Most of them were raided and destroyed, with the exception of the tomb and treasure of Tutankhamen (c.1361-1352 B.C.), discovered largely intact in A.D. 1922. The splendid mortuary temple of the last great king of the 20th dynasty, Ramses III (c. 1187-1156 B.C.), was also relatively well preserved, and indicated the prosperity Egypt still enjoyed during his reign. The kings who followed Ramses III were less successful: Egypt lost its provinces in Palestine and Syria for good and suffered from foreign invasions (notably by the Libyans), while its wealth was being steadily but inevitably depleted.

The fall of the classical era

Unfortunately, none of these cultural achievements translated into political stability. Athenian imperialism had alienated its partners in the Delian League, particularly Sparta, and this conflict played out in the decades-long Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). The eventual Spartan victory in the Peloponnesian War meant that Athens lost its political primacy, but Athenian cultural life—the essence of classical Greece—continued apace in the fourth century B.C. By the second half of the century, however, disorder reigned within the former Athenian empire. This disorder made possible the conquest of Greece by the Macedonian kings Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great (338-323 B.C.) a conquest that marked the end of the classical period.

Fears of creating an executive that was too energetic and too similar to that of a monarchy was eased by the presence of ____ at the Convention

Washington

Which amendment deals with presidential succession

Prior to the upcoming primary elections, why have Republicans favored winner-take all primaries over proportional primaries for delegate selection?

Winner-take-all primaries enable one candidate to amass a large number of delegates early, which typically shortens the divisive nominating process

glycolysis

a biochemical pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two three-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid

Krebs cycle

a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA, producing CO2, hydrogen atoms, and ATP

Schedule II

a category of drugs considered to have a strong potential for abuse or addiction but that also have legitimate medical use. Included are opium, morphine, and cocaine

Schedule I

a category of drugs not considered legitimate for medical use. Included are heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and marijuana.

Schedule III

a category of drugs that have less potential for abuse or addiction than Schedule I or II drugs and have a useful medical purpose. Included are short-acting barbiturates and amphetamine

Parenteral

a general term for any route other than the alimentary canal

constitutional monarchy

a governemnt with a hereditary ruler has unlimited authority

subsidy

a government payment to an individual, business, or other group to encourage or protect a certain type of economic activity

oligarchy

a government ruled by a minority; Sparta is an example

Federal System

a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

Unitary System

a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

supply curve

a graph showing the various quantities supplied at each and every price that might prevail in the market

Caucuses

a group of people, often within a larger group, for example, a legislative assembly, who unite to promote a particular policy or particular interests Ex: Iowa Caucuses, the Congressional Black Caucus

plains

a large flat area of land

block grant

a large grant given to a state by the US constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

bureaucracy

a large group of people who are involved in running a government but who are not elected

proportional electoral system?

a multiple member district that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the vote.

executive agreement

a pact made by the president directly with the head of a foreign state

Autocracy

a political system governed by a single individual

Democracy

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Republic

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

what is push polling?

a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion.

Bionomial

a polynomial expression that has 2 terms. Ex. x^2+1

Euler Line

a segment passing through the circumcenter, centroid, and orthocenter of a triangle

what is the bandwagon effect?

a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front runner.

Amendment

a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)

corporate income tax

a tax on the value of a company's profits

cabinet

an advisory boy to the president

command economy

an economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions such as what to make, how many to make, and who can make it

Preamable

an introduction to a speech or piece of writing

mixed market economy

based on private ownership of goods and services but government promotes and regulates some parts of the economy

Division of powers

basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on geographic basis

standard form of a polynomial

basicly its listing the terms in a polynomials in order of degrees.(exponents)

Why do objects at hgih elevations have more PE than objects at low elevation?

becasue gravity gives objects at high elevations the potential to fall much further.

Joint committee

both houses working together on an issue

bromine

cadmium

calcium

californium

Speaker of the House

can break ties, appoint committee members and assign bills to committees

individuals

can have an impact on global issues as well. Several examples of ________ working to resolve various global issues.

Knossos

capital of Crete; home of King Minos

extended release

capsules/ tablets filled with tiny spheres that contain actual drug. The sphere dissolves at variable rates and allows steady release of drug throughout the day

What causes the air pollution in Mexico City?

car and factory exhausts AND due to the city sitting in a bowl shaped valley - an ancient volcano

carbon

Juvenile court

cases with Juvenile's

cerium

chromium

executive departments

created by the constitution

europium

Herodotus

father of history

Hippocrates

father of medicine

amendment

for changes in its written words

hafnium

coronary veins

highly variable empty into right atrium

separation of powers

in a presidential system basic powers are separated among 3 distinct and independent branches of government

Conservative

in favor of preserving the status quo and traditional values and customs, and against abrupt change Ex: priests, elders

individual rights

in the american demoracy individual rights are protected by government

trade/proprietary/brand name

indicated that the drug is registered and that its use is restricted to the owner of the drug. legally on record for 17 years. Having multiple trade names for a single generic drug can impair recognition and increase possibility of drug errors

grapefruit juice

inhibits the metabolism of the drugs and raise drug level. Inhibition of the CYP3A4 continues for 3 days after drinking grapefruit...CC, caffeine, estrogen, benzodiazepines, statins, cyclosporine

instant absorbtion since the drug is injected into bloodstream...rapid onset...cost inconvenience, irreversibility, complications

Paleo: food source

large animals such as bison, mammoths, ground sloths, and mastodons.

loading dose

large initial dose to achieve steady state (plateau)

Executive Branch

largest branch of the GA government

Pericles

leader of Athens during Golden Age

Both house and senate have the right to introduce bills and law

legislative

Can create bills and revenue

legislative

Congress has the power to pass a bill

legislative

House of representatives have the power to impeach

legislative

powers with negative exponents

let a be a nonzero number and let n be a postive integer. a^-n is the reciprocal of a^n. Ex. a^-n= 1/a^n

Aspartame aminotransferase (AST) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

levels are normally low but rise with liver damage

Unalienble Rights

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

lithium

1st property- log a b+loga c= loga b*c

log2 8+log2 32=8 Because 8*32=256 and log2 256 is 8.

supply elasticity

measure of the way in which quantity supplied responds to a change in the price

scientific notation

method of writing numbers that are very larger very large or very small.

Orthocenter

point of concurrency of the altitudes of a triangle

roentgenium

ruthenium

rutherfordium

samarium

cultural borrowing

sharing of ideas between civilizations.

Peloponnesus

southern part of Greece attached by an isthmus

Archaic: tools or weapons

spears with smaller points, hooks from bones, grooved axes, spears with hooks, choppers, drills, and pottery- used to store food/water.

Sample

subset of whole population selected to be questioned for the purpose of predicting or gauging opinion Ex: what the public thinks in terms of education.

what is the term for the right to vote?

suffrage or enfranchisement

sulfur

posterior interventricular branch

supplies: left atrium left ventricle

anterior interventricular branch

supplies: left ventricle left atrium interventricular septum

marginal branch

supplies: right atrium right ventricle ineratrial septum

posterior interventricular branch

suppplies: right ventricle left ventricle interventricular septum

temperature

temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. we use a thermometer to measure temperature. Temperature can be expressed in degrees celsius or kelvin.

scalawag

term used to describe southerners who supported the Republicans.

Near v. Minnesota

the 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.

A hideous monster that had serpents for hair, bulging green eyes, and teeth like a boar.

the Gorgon, Medusa

McCulloch v Maryland

the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal government using the Constitution's supremacy clause

Montezuma ruled

the Techolan people. It is now modern day Mexico

Who is Canada's most important trading partner?

the United States

plasma drug levels

the amount of drug present in the blood can predict whether or not the drug is going to be therapeutic or toxic

lenght

the basic unit of length is the meter. Smaller items may be measured in millimeter or centimeters and larger distances may be measured in kilometers.

sectionalism

the belief by the people in a given region or area that their ideas and interests are better and more important that those of another region area.

dual federalism

the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government was the best arrangement

Electoral College

the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president

Unitary system

the local and regional governments derive authority from the national government

Republicanism

the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government

judicial review

the power of courts to determine whether what government does is in accord with what the constitution provides

standardization

the practice of making all things of a certain type alike

nullification

the purposed right of a state to declare void a federal law

dosage

the quantity or concentration of drug to be given. Safe dosage is the appropriate amount of the drug taken to ones age and size

the law of supply states that

the quantity supplied varies directly with its price

Mandate of Heaven

the right to rule, granted to Chinese emperors by heaven

Magna Carta

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

Locus

the set of all points or lines that satisfy or are determined by specific conditions

pharmacokinetics

the study of what the drug does to the body AMDE

the sun

how do individuals develop their political beliefs and values? What are the initial influences we have towards politics?

through a persons preference, belief of the certain circumstances and what action should be taken, and the choices presented to them. People also keep self interest and want things such as lower taxes, and spending on certain programs. The people influence politics in many ways as well. The majority of the public's vote determines who gets elected ad we also determine the presidents approval rating.

time

time is a measure that can be used to determine how long a reaction takes. we measure time in seconds. In science, you may use a stopwatch to determine time during experiments.

half life

time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed by 50 % . After about 5 half lives the most drugs are considered to be removed from the body 97% of the drug is removed

qt interval

time it takes for the ventricles of the heart to contract and relax. Cardiotoxic drugs will length the qt interval and lead to life threatening arrhythmia....antidysrhythmics, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, anti-psychotics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCB)

Ratify

to approve

quotient of powers property

to divide powers that have the same base, subtract exponents. Ex a^m/a^n=a^m-n , a notequal to 0

Informal Powers

tradition/custom used to help carry out formal powers

Uub

ununbium

Uuh

ununhexium

Uuo

ununoctium

UUp

ununpentium

Uuq

ununquadium

Uus

ununseptium

Uut

ununtrium

uranium

conservatives and what they do and believe?

usual republican, support the current status quo of the government and are suspicious of introducing new formulas and economic arrangements. Many believe that a large and powerful government poses a threat to citizens freedom.

vanadium

Stratified Sampling

variation of random sampling; census data used to divide country into four sampling regions. Sets of counties and standard metro politician statistical areas are then randomly selected in proportion to total national population. Ex: geographical areas, age-groups, genders, family orientation.

Entrance Polls

voters asked about which candidate they are going to vote for and why before walking into a caucus Ex: 2008 poll - 1st entrance poll to include correction to take into account caucus-goers who refused to participate in survey

closed primary?

voters can participate in the nomination of only those candidates of the party in which they have been enrolled for a period of time before primary day

mechanism of action (MOA)

way that a drug produces a therapeutic effect. There are many different ways that a drug work

weight

weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. Weight is expressed in the standard unit newtons using a scale. Weight and mass are very different one way to remember the difference is that if you travel to the moon your weight will change but your mass will stay the same.

When is PE transformed into KE?

when an object at rest is put in motion.

When does a object had no Kinetic energy?

when it is in rest.

aerobic respiration

when oxygen is present in the cell's environment and pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP

specialization

when people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they can produce better and faster than anyone else

acetyl CoA

when pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrial matrix and reacts with a molecule called coenzyme A

interactions

when the action of one drug is affected by the action of another drug, As number of drugs taken at one time increase, the risk of interaction also increase

therapeutic index/range

when the amount of the drug in the plasma is above the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and below the toxic concentration. Some drugs have a narrow therapeutic range like lithium

Mississippian

when: 100- 1540 AD other info. highest prehistoric civilization in Georgia. build towers to guard. unknown disappearance.

Probate court

wills and estates of the dead

cube root

³√

one half

three forth

Gamma

Delta

Epsilon

Zeta

Psi

alpha

beta

gamma

delta

epsilon

zeta

chi

positive

⁺

Middle Kingdom: 12th Dynasty (c. 2055-1786 B.C.)

After the last ruler of the 11th dynasty, Mentuhotep IV, was assassinated, the throne passed to his vizier, or chief minister, who became King Amenemhet I, founder of dynasty 12. A new capital was established at It-towy, south of Memphis, while Thebes remained a great religious center. During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt once again flourished, as it had during the Old Kingdom. The 12th dynasty kings ensured the smooth succession of their line by making each successor co-regent, a custom that began with Amenemhet I. Middle-Kingdom Egypt pursued an aggressive foreign policy, colonizing Nubia (with its rich supply of gold, ebony, ivory and other resources) and repelling the Bedouins who had infiltrated Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. The kingdom also built diplomatic and trade relations with Syria, Palestine and other countries; undertook building projects including military fortresses and mining quarries; and returned to pyramid-building in the tradition of the Old Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom reached its peak under Amenemhet III (1842-1797 B.C.); its decline began under Amenenhet IV (1798-1790 B.C.) and continued under his sister and regent, Queen Sobekneferu (1789-1786 B.C.), who was the first confirmed female ruler of Egypt and the last ruler of the 12th dynasty.

Hapy

Appearance: Man with a pot belly, shown with water plants Hapy was the god of the innundation. Hapy was especially important to the ancient Egyptians because he brought the flood every year. The flood deposited rich silt on the banks of the Nile, allowing the Egyptians to grow crops

Atum

Appearance: Man with the double crown Atum was a creator god. The ancient Egyptians believed that Atum was the first god to exist on earth. The ancient Egyptians believed that Atum rose from the waters of chaos (Nun) and created all the gods.

Khnum

Appearance: Man with the head of a curly-horned ram Khnum was a creator god, and a god of the innundation. Khnum was a creator-god, moulding people on a potter's wheel. Since potters used Nile mud, Khnum was also connected with the innundation.

Khepri

Appearance: Man with the head of a scarab Khepri was a god of creation, the movement of the sun, and rebirth. The scarab beetle lays its eggs in a ball of dung. Then, it rolls the ball along the ground until the young beetles are ready to hatch. When the young beetles are ready, they crawl out of the ball. The ancient Egyptians believed that the beetles just appeared from nowhere- as they believed that their creator god had appeared from nowhere. Thus, they thought that the scarab beetle was special. In certain creation stories, Khepri is connected with the god Atum. He is also connected with the sun god Ra who pushed the sun through the sky every day.

Isis

Appearance: Woman with headdress in the shape of a throne A pair of cow horns with a sun disk Isis was a protective goddess. She used powerful magic spells to help people in need. Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. Since each pharaoh was considered the 'living Horus', Isis was very important. Isis is often shown holding Horus on her lap. Isis is associated with thrones because her lap was the first 'throne' that Horus sat upon. A temple was built to honour Isis at Philae. It is still standing today.

Hathor

Appearance: Woman with the ears of a cow Woman with a headdress of horns and a sun disk Hathor was a protective goddess. She was also the goddess of love and joy. Hathor was the wife of Horus, and was sometimes thought of as the mother of the pharaoh. Hathor was connected with foreign places and materials. For instance, Hathor was the goddess of the desert and the turquoise mines in the Sinai. A large temple was built to honour Hathor at Dendera.

Bastet

Appearance: Woman with the head of a cat Bastet was a protective goddess Bastet was usually seen as a gentle protective goddess. However, she sometimes appeared with the head of a lioness to protect the king in battle. The cat was a symbol of Bastet. The ancient Egyptians made many statues of cats to honour Bastet. Bastet was one of the daughters of the sun god, Ra. A great temple was built in her honour at Bubastis in the Delta.

Amun

Appearance: Man with a ram-head Man wearing an ostrich plumed hat Amun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient Egypt. At the height of Egyptian civilisation he was called the 'King of the Gods'. Amun was important throughout the history of ancient Egypt. However, when Amun was combined with the sun god Ra he was even more powerful. He was then called Amun-Ra. A large and important temple was built at Thebes to honour Amun.

Congress' enumerated powers can be found in

Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution

Age of emperors

Augustus' rule restored morale in Rome after a century of discord and corruption and ushered in the famous pax Romana-two full centuries of peace and prosperity. He instituted various social reforms, won numerous military victories and allowed Roman literature, art, architecture and religion to flourish. Augustus ruled for 56 years, supported by his great army and by a growing cult of devotion to the emperor. When he died, the Senate elevated Augustus to the status of a god, beginning a long-running tradition of deification for popular emperors. Augustus' dynasty included the unpopular Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), the bloodthirsty and unstable Caligula (37-41) and Claudius (41-54), who was best remembered for his army's conquest of Britain. The line ended with Nero (54-68), whose excesses drained the Roman treasury and led to his downfall and eventual suicide. Four emperors took the throne in the tumultuous year after Nero's death; the fourth, Vespasian (69-79), and his successors, Titus and Domitian, were known as the Flavians; they attempted to temper the excesses of the Roman court, restore Senate authority and promote public welfare. Titus (79-81) earned his people's devotion with his handling of recovery efforts after the infamous eruption of Vesuvius (volcano), which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The reign of Nerva (96-98), who was selected by the Senate to succeed Domitian, began another golden age in Roman history, during which four emperors--Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius--took the throne peacefully, succeeding one another by adoption, as opposed to hereditary succession. Trajan (98-117) expanded Rome's borders to the greatest extent in history with victories over the kingdoms of Dacia (now northwestern Romania) and Parthia. His successor Hadrian (117-138) solidified the empire's frontiers and continued his predecessor's work of establishing internal stability and instituting administrative reforms. Under Antoninus Pius (138-161), Rome continued in peace and prosperity, but the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180) was dominated by conflict, including war against Parthia and Armenia and the invasion of Germanic tribes from the north. When Marcus fell ill and died near the battlefield at Vindobona (Vienna), he broke with the tradition of non-hereditary succession and named his 19-year-old son Commodus as his successor.

Minority Rights

Basic principles such as freedom of speech and assembly which that majority can't infringe on.

Why did the Framsers choose the Electoral College as the system to elect the president?

Because the Framers perferred to keep it out of the hands of the ordinary citizens

God's Punishment?

Because they did not understand the biology of the disease, many people believed that the Black Death was a kind of divine punishment-retribution for sins against God such as greed, blasphemy, heresy, fornication and worldliness. By this logic, the only way to overcome the plague was to win God's forgiveness. Some people believed that the way to do this was to purge their communities of heretics and other troublemakers-so, for example, many thousands of Jews were massacred in 1348 and 1349. (Thousands more fled to the sparsely populated regions of Eastern Europe, where they could be relatively safe from the rampaging mobs in the cities.) Some people coped with the terror and uncertainty of the Black Death epidemic by lashing out at their neighbors; others coped by turning inward and fretting about the condition of their own souls. Some upper-class men joined processions of flagellants that traveled from town to town and engaged in public displays of penance and punishment: They would beat themselves and one another with heavy leather straps studded with sharp pieces of metal while the townspeople looked on. For 33 1/2 days, the flagellants repeated this ritual three times a day. Then they would move on to the next town and begin the process over again. Though the flagellant movement did provide some comfort to people who felt powerless in the face of inexplicable tragedy, it soon began to worry the Pope, whose authority the flagellants had begun to usurp. In the face of this papal resistance, the movement disintegrated. The Black Death epidemic had run its course by the early 1350's, but the plague reappeared every few generations for centuries. Modern sanitation and public-health practices have greatly mitigated the impact of the disease but have not eliminated it.

Beginning and development of the Empire

Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy's Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Conquering this land required much sacrifice and war but it was accomplished. Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar's rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the empire's decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilization. As legend has it, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars (the god of war). They were left to drown in a basket on the Tiber by a king of nearby Alba Longa and rescued by a she-wolf (A mythical creature said to help heroes. Her appears is of a wolf with the soul of a women) the twins lived to defeat that king and found their own city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named for him. Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. The king was accused of hitting and abusing of a noblewoman. Whatever the cause, Rome turned from a monarchy into a republic, a world derived from res publica, or "property of the people." The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls; they also served as commanders in chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were drawn largely from the Senate, which was dominated by the patricians, or the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. Politics in the early republic was marked by the long struggle between patricians and plebeians (the common people), who eventually attained some political power through years of concessions and protest. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables-and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil law. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate, which at the time included only members of patrician and wealthy plebeian families.

From the Late Period to Alexander's Conquest (c.664-332 B.C.)

Beginning with Necho's son, Psammetichus, the Saite dynasty ruled a reunified Egypt for less than two centuries. In 525 B.C., Cambyses, king of Persia, defeated Psammetichus III, the last Saite king, at the Battle of Pelusium, and Egypt became part of the Persian Empire. Persian rulers such as Darius (522-485 B.C.) ruled the country largely under the same terms as native Egyptian kings: Darius supported Egypt's religious cults and undertook the building and restoration of its temples. The tyrannical rule of Xerxes (486-465 B.C.) sparked increased uprisings under him and his successors. One of these rebellions triumphed in 404 B.C., beginning one last period of Egyptian independence under native rulers (dynasties 28-30). In the mid-fourth century B.C., the Persians again attacked Egypt, reviving their empire under Ataxerxes III in 343 B.C. Barely a decade later, in 332 B.C., Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated the armies of the Persian Empire and conquered Egypt. After Alexander's death, Egypt was ruled by a line of Macedonian kings, beginning with Alexander's general Ptolemy and continuing with his descendants. The last ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt--the legendary Cleopatra VII--surrendered Egypt to the armies of Octavian (later Augustus) in 31 B.C. Six centuries of Roman rule followed, during which Christianity became the official religion of Rome and its provinces (including Egypt). The conquest of Egypt by the Arabs in the seventh century A.D. and the introduction of Islam would do away with the last outward aspects of ancient Egyptian culture and propel the country towards its modern incarnation.

Cohen v. California

"**** the draft" jacket, expression protected speech because there is no compelling reason to prevent it

first part

# that is greater or = to 1 and less than 10 / \ [3.5]x10^11 [9.98]x10^-2

Degree of polynomial

(1st terminology) the highest exponent that we have in the polynomial. Ex. x^2+8^3+19-3rd degree (highest exponent)

Horus

Appearance: Man with the head of a hawk Horus was a god of the sky. He is probably most well-known as the protector of the ruler of Egypt. The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the 'living Horus'. The ancient Egyptians had many different beliefs about the god Horus. One of the most common beliefs was that Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris.

(26) Tang Capital

Chang-an -center for govt. and trade -Arab, Persian, and Greek traders made it their home, which made it diverse

example of a country with an autocratic government

Cuba

What were some results of the Cuban Revolution?

Cuba became a communist country, became "friends" with the Soviet Union, and lost relations with the US

Trim

Cut off irregular or unwanted parts.

One-eyed giants who lived mostly in caves and in the underworld.

Cyclopses

Indiana's Junior Senator

Dan Coats

President Pro Tempore

Daniel Inouye

President Pro Tempore

Daniel Inouye (D)

Minority Leader House

Democrat Nancy Pelosi

Colorado

Denver

Criteria

Desired specifications (elements or features) of a product or system.

leaking

Dilibertly disclose information

Location Dimension

Dimensions that show the exact location of parts of an object.

of the three generic political lables used in the U.S., which represents the political beliefs and ideology of most U.S. citizens?

Moderates

Of the different types of totalitarian states discusses in class, which involves hereditary rule by one?

Monarchy

Another name for the elastic clause is the

Necessary and proper clause

The federal government's implied powers are mostly derived from the

Necessary and proper clause

Of the parameters that boxed in the delegates at the Convention, which of them served as the greatest obstacle to abolishing slavery?

Needed nine states to ratify the Constitution

Although Virgnia pushed hard to be the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, which state snuck in just before them to become the ninth and deciding state to ratify the Constitution?

New Hampshire

production function

a figure that shows how total output changes when the amount of a singe variable input changes while all other inputs are held constant

butte

a flat-topped hill with steep sides

plateau

a flat-topped hill with steep sides

mesa

a flat-topped hill with steep sides, but larger than a butte

Presidential Government

a form of government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are separate, independent, and coequal

Dictatorship

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

treaty

a formal agreement between 2 or more sovereign states

oxalocetic acid

a four-carbon compound

mountain range

a group or chain of mountains

Minority Whip Senate

Republican Jon Kyl

Majority Whip House

Republican Kevin McCarthy

What is making a law or rule but not enforcing it called?

Salutary neglect

What was the "sole and express" purpose for which the Constitutional Convention met in 1787?

To revise the Articles of Confederation

Reiten

To ride

Fahrrad Fahren

To ride a bike

Laufen

To run

Segeln

To sail

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Using computers to operate and control machines and processes to manufacture a product.

Comments

Using descriptive text to explain portions of code. Comments do not change the way a robot behaves, but are important for the programmer to remember what the code does.

Engineering

Using technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.

What is the most common method of political participation in the U.S.?

Voting

fief

a large area of land that is ruled over by a noble or lord

gulf

a large area of ocean that is partly surrounded by land

polynomial

a mathematical expression that has a bunch of variable or constant terms in them, that are raised to non-zero exponents.

preemption

a concept that allows the national govt to override state or local actions in certain areas

Act of admission

a congresional act admitting a United States territory into the Union as a State

Enabling act

a congressional act that allows the people of the United States territory to prepare a constitution as a step toward admission as a state in the Union

which of the following can cause an increase in supply?

a decrease in the cost of inputs

seismograph

a device that measures and records the movement of the earth during an earthquake

ambassador

a diplomat; a person whose job it is to represent one's government to other nations

desert

a dry region with little or no rainfall

Schedule IV

a medically useful category of drugs that have less potential for abuse or addiction than those of Schedules I, II, and III. Included are diazepam and chloral hydrate.

strait

a narrow channel connecting two bodies of water

ithmus

a narrow strip of land having water on each side and connecting two larger bodies of land

Governor abilities with bills

1) sign - 2) no action and it is still a law - 3) veto

Cortez learned the native language and had two choices to go forward..

1. go through the forest and look for treasure with his army. 2. Go back to Cuba and be tried for murder.

What is the area of a regular hexagon with sides 1 in. long?

1.5a a*a=3

allergic drugs

1.penicillin, 2.NSAIDS (aspirin), 3.Sulfonamide drugs- antihistamines, diuretics, oral hypoglycemic

Micrometer

A gauge which measures small distances or thicknesses.

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

subcontinent

A large area of land that is separated from other areas. South Asia is one of these because it is separated from the rest of Asia.

Spindletop

A major oil discovery in 1901 near Beaumont that began the industrialization of Texas.

Ogallala Aquifer

A major underground reservior and a source of water for irrigation and human consumption in northern West Texas and the Texas Panhandle, as well as other states.

Democracy

A means of selecting policy makers and of organizing government so that policy reflects citizens' preferences.

Dimension

A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object of width, height, and depth.

Caliper

A measuring tool with two usually adjustable jaws used especially to measure thickness or diameter.

Worm and Wheel

A mechanical arrangement consisting of a toothed wheel driven by a short revolving cylinder bearing a screw thread.

Testing

A method for collecting data.

One-Point Perspective

A method of realistic drawing in which the part of an object closest to the viewer is a planar face, and all the lines describing sides perpendicular to that face can be extended back to converge at one point, the vanishing point

Orthographic Projection

A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth.

Brainstorming

A method of shared problem solving in which all members of a group spontaneously, and in an unrestrained discussion, generate ideas.

Mockup

A model devised to expose its parts for study, training or testing.

A mountain in Pakistan that is the second tallest mountain in the world.

Invention

A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.

Scale

A proportion between two sets of dimensions used in developing accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models of design ideas.

Force

A push or pull on an object.

Ranchero Culture

A quasi-feudal system-the owner or patron owed the workers protection and employment, while the workers owed the patrons their loyalty and service. The rancher and workers all lived on the ranchero or ranch.

Two-Point Perspective

A realistic way of drawing objects in three dimensions using a horizon line, a key edge, and two vanishing points.

Zoroastrianism

A religion founded by the Persian prophet, Zoroaster.

Touch Sensor

A sensor that detects physical contact and reports back to the controller whether its contact area is being pushed in or not.

Potentiometer

A sensor used to measure the angular position of the axle or shaft passing through its center.

Browser

A sequential record of the construction steps in a 3D modeling program.

Analog Signal

A signal having the characteristic of being continuous and changing smoothly over a given range, rather than switching suddenly between certain levels.

Chandragupta Maurya

A soldier who seized power in India. He started the Mauryan Empire, the first Indian empire.

order

A state of peace and security; protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity is the oldest purpose of government.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, especially by a computer.

Radius

A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere.

Tangent

A straight line or plane that touches a curve or curved surface at one point.

Automation

A technique that is used to make a process automatic.

Point Turn

A turn where one wheel rotates forward and the other rotates backward, causing the robot to sit and spin in place.

Indus River Valley

A valley which lies on a plain in Pakistan. It is the site of one of the world's oldest civilizations.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist organization.

Line Weight

Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin.

US Trade Representative

Ambassador Ronald Kirk

Maryland

Annapolis

Bes

Appearance: Dwarf with lion and human features Dwarf wearing the skin of a lion Bes was the protector of pregnant women, newborn babies and the family. The ancient Egyptians also believed that Bes protected against snake and scorpion bites. Amulets of Bes were popular at all levels of Egyptian society.

Geb

Appearance: Man lying down below the arch of the sky goddess Nut Man with a goose on his head Geb was the god of the earth. Geb was the husband and brother of the sky goddess Nut. He was also the father of Osiris, Isis, Nepthys and Seth. When Seth and Horus fought for the throne of Egypt, Geb made Horus the ruler of the living. The ancient Egyptians believed that earthquakes were Geb's laughter.

Anubis

Appearance: Man with a jackal head Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead. Since jackals were often seen in cemeteries, the ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis watched over the dead. Anubis was the god who helped to embalm Osiris after he was killed by Seth. Thus, Anubis was the god who watched over the process of mummifying people when they died. Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies.

actinium

levels of atoms

a nucleus and 3 or more levels

Midpoint

a point equidistant from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure

mountain

a point of land that rises quickly to at least 1000 feet above its surroundings

Oligarchy

a political system governed by a few people

Theocracy

a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)

Angle Bisector

a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles

Bisector

a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles

Gallup Poll

a survey in which a sample of people taken as a representative cross section of society are asked their opinions on a given subject Ex: politics, wars

Federalism

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

personal income tax

a tax levied on the taxable income of individuals, households, and unincorporated firms

property taxes

a tax on the value of property (capital, land, stocks and bonds, and other assets) owned by firms and households

toxicity

adverse drug reaction due to excessive dosing. severe hypoglycemia from insulin

Delinquent

an act taht would be criminal if done by an adult

Silk Road

ancient trade route from China to the Mediterranean Sea

Alternate Interior Angles

angles between 2 lines and on opposite sides of a transversal

Left coronary arter branches

anterior interventricular branch circumflex branch posterior interventricular branch

executive powers of governor

appoint officials/ enforce the laws

argon

arsenic

barium

bohrium

The EPR Experiment

"God does not play dice" was Albert Einstein's reply to the Uncertainty Principle. Thus being his belief, he spent a good deal of his life after 1925 trying to determine both the position and the momentum of a particle. In 1935, Einstein and two other physicists, Podolski and Rosen, presented what is now known as the EPR paper in which they suggested a way to do just that. The idea is this: set up an interaction such that two particles are go off in opposite directions and do not interact with anything else. Wait until they are far apart, then measure the momentum of one and the position of the other. Because of conservation of momentum, you can determine the momentum of the particle not measured, so when you measure it's position you know both it's momentum and position. The only way quantum physics could be true is if the particles could communicate faster then the speed of light, which Einstein reasoned would be impossible because of his Theory of Relativity. In 1982, Alain Aspect, a French physicist, carried out the EPR experiment. He found that even if information needed to be communicated faster then light to prevent it, it was not possible to determine both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. This does not mean that it is possible to send a message faster then light, since viewing either one of the two particles gives no information about the other. It is only when both are seen that we find that quantum physics has agreed with the experiment. So does this mean relativity is wrong? No, it just means that the particles do not communicate by any means we know about. All we know is that every particle knows what every other particle it has ever interacted with is doing.

Views

"Views is shorthand for multiview projection, which is a system used to view an object. The six mutually perpendicular directions any object may be viewed are top, front, right-side, rear, left-side, and bottom. Top, front, and right-side views are also referred to as the three regular views because they are the three views most frequently used."

Every month, a girl gets allowance. Assume last year she had no money, and kept it up to now. Then she spends 1/2 of her money on clothes, then 1/3 of the remaining money on games, and then 1/4 of the remaining money on toys. After she bought all of that, she had $7777 left. Assuming she only gets money by allowance, how much money does she earn every month?

$2222

If ax*x + bx +c = 0, then what is x?

(a)x*x + (b)x + (c) = 0 d*d = b*b - 4ac (-b +/- d)/2a=x

(21) Sui Capital

-Chang-an

(17) Silk Route (AKA Silk Road)

-a caravan trade route from eastern China to the West -it carried: silk, Jade, paper, and porcelain from China to Greek and Roman Traders -Traders brought: Glass, amber, wool, and linen back to China from the west

(23) Grand Canal

-linked the Huang He River (Yellow River) to the Chang Jiang River (Yangtze River) -linked northern and southern China for the first time (which was good for trade and transportation)

Archaic

-old when 8,000-1,000 BC other info. moved each season. (nomadic) smaller groups joined and made camps saved seeds to plant. horticulture began in the late archaic period. 40-60 people lived together

(18) Han Inventions

-paper and porcelain

(9) Fall of Qin

-people disgruntled over high taxes, labor, autocracy -discontent led to rebellion led by peasant Liu Bang who founded the Han dynasty

(24) Fall of the Sui

-people revolted because govt. required too much labor, and taxes were too high

(22) Accomplishments of the Sui

-reunited China -reestablished a strong central Government -reestablished the civil service system and the civil service test -improved on the codes of law -repaired the great wall -built new roads -worked on the construction of the GRAND CANAL - built new palaces

woodland

-rock eagle when: 1,000 BC- 1,000 AD other info:made pottery. used clay mixed with sand then rolled the mixture into strips and coiled. The strips were put in top of one another to form different types.

(7) Accomplishments of the Qin

1.unified China for the first time under a strong central govt. (1st empire) 2.standardized weights and measures 3.standardized money 4.standardized taxes 5.standardized writing 6.standardized axle size 7.built roads and bridges 8.connected existing city-state wall to create The Great Wall Of China 9.cut channels for irrigation which became the Grand Canal 10.the code of Qin unified laws throughout the empire 11.the Terra-cotta Tomb 12.expanded the empire to the south

If 1/2x +1/2(1/2x + 1/2(1/2x +1/2(1/2x + ... = y, then x = ?

1/2x +1/2(1/2x + 1/2(1/2x +1/2(1/2x + ... = y If x = 1, then the equation likes this: 1/2 +1/2(1/2 + 1/2(1/2 +1/2(1/2 + ... = y 1/2 +1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + ... = y y = 1 = x y = x

Approximately ____ percent of eligible voters rarely or never vote

√(100)

√3:(1000)

senate

100 in all 6 years

√(121)

He traveled with

11 ships from Cuba to the Yucatan Peninsula looking for gold and treasure

√(144)

√(169)

Under the Articles of Confederation, changes to the function of government required how many states to vote for approval

13/13 states

√(196)

Which amendment "incorportated" the Bill of Rights?

14th Amendment

√(225)

√(256)

√(289)

To whom did the 26th Amendment grant the right to vote?

18 years old

√(361)

when and how were woman enfranchised?

1920 amendment 19, since woman orginizations such as NAWSA revolted.

As for the presidency, all of the following could be considered "failure elections" except which year?

1960

when and how was the voting age changed to 18?

1971 its a passage in the 26th amendment. IF 18 year olds were able to get drafted they should be able to vote as well

Which of the following elections most clearly resulted in a mandate for the winner(s)?

1994 Congressional election

Education

1st hispanic was leader of the __ cabinet

log3 9

√(4)

√3:(8)

All 27 Amendments to the Constitution have been ratified by

2/3 of Congress

√(400)

The Slave Trade Compromise forbid Congress to "touch" the slave trade for a period of

20 years

√(441)

House of Representative members

21 years old, U.S. citizen, GA resident for 2 years, resident of district for 1 year

√(484)

√(529)

√(576)

√(625)

Senators

25 years old, U.S. citizen, GA resident for 2 years, resident of district for 1 year

Marthon

26.2 mile race named after the battle of Marathon

The magic number in a presidential election is _____ electoral votes out of 538

270

What is the "magic number" in a modern presidential election?

270 electoral votes

electoral college system

270 to win

log1/2 1/8

√(9)

√3:(27)

You have two block of clay in cube form and the edges are 10 cm. How many spheres with a radius of 5 cm can you make with that amount of clay?

3 spheres

3rd property-a*log b c=log b (c^a)

3*log2 8=9 Because 8^3=512 and log2 512 is 9.

second part

3.5x[10]^11 9.98x[10]^-2 / / a power of 10

How many citizens did the Constitution initially mandate for each member in the House of Representatives to represent approximately?

30,000 citizens

√(16)

√3:(64)

governor's term limits

4 years (2 terms)

lieutenant governors term limits

4 years (no limit on terms)

house of reps

435 in all 2 years

√(25)

√3:(125)

Throughout the course of U.S. history, about what percent of all president vetoes have been overridden by Congress?

What is the total number of delegates that attended the Convention at some point in time during the summer of 1787?

55 delegates

√(36)

√3:(216)

√(49)

√3:(343)

√(64)

√3:(512)

What is the total number of articles contained in the Federalist Papers?

85 articles

√(81)

√3:(729)

equals

6.954x10^-11

=0.00000000006954

1,357,000,000,000

=1.357x10^12

constitutional monarchy

A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.

Reciprocating

A back and forth movement.

Trade-off

A balancing of factors, all of which are not attainable at the same time; giving up of one thing in return for another.

majority rule

A basic principle of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies.

The Virginia Plan called for

A bicameral legislative body with proportional representation

Vedas

A book that contains lots of information about the Aryans. It is also called "The Book of Documents."

Factory

A building or set of buildings with facilities for manufacturing or producing goods.

Harappa

A city in the Indus River Valley that grew a lot of cotton. It mysteriously vanished sometime around 1700B.C. Many archaeologists think that a natural disaster caused it to disappear because the land made it very possible.

Mohenjo-Daro

A city located in the Indus River Valley that had complex architecture and city planning. The people used a system of weights and measured to build things. This city was organized in a grid. People enjoyed a public bath. like Harappa, this city mysteriously disappeared.

Polygon

A closed geometric figure in a plane formed by connecting line segments endpoint to endpoint with each segment intersecting exactly two others. Polygons are classified by the number of sides they have, such as a triangle has three sides, a quadrilateral has four sides, and a pentagon has five sides.

Simple Gear Train

A combination of two or more gears used to transmit motion between two rotating shafts or between a shaft and a slide.

Society

A community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests.

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

A company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation.

ideology

A comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution or government.

*Black hole*

A concentration of mass resulting from gravitational collapse, near which gravity is so intense that not even light can escape.

Countersink

A conical-shaped recess around a hole that is often used to receive a tapered screw.

Chain

A connected flexible series of links used for fastening or securing objects and pulling or supporting loads.

While Loop

A control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly.

Open-Loop System

A control system that has no means for comparing the output with input for control purposes. An open-loop system often requires human intervention.

Pakistan

A country next to India that once was apart of India.

Counterbore

A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut.

Tenat Farmer

A farmer who does not own the land that he or she farms but rents it from a landowner.

Prototype

A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

Idler gear

A gear between the driver and the driven gear used to change rotational direction.

Limited Government

A goverment with power that are limited either through a written document or through widely shared beliefs.

direct democracy

A government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives.

Represenative Government

A government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government

System

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal.

System

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent, elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal.

Aryans

A group of people that came to India and took it over. The brought many new beliefs to India.

Object Line

A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.

Artifact

A human made object.

Darius I

A king who followed Cyrus II and brought the Persian Empire to India.

increased government regulations can cause the supply curve to

shift to the left

preamble

short, noteworthy intro to the constitution

deregulation

the act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations)

civil service

the part of a government that takes care of the government's basic business; the administrative part of a government

Vertex

the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure

Enumerated Powers

the powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

ephors

the ruling five men of Sparta's oligarchy

y = log x If y = 10, then what is x?

y = log x 10 = log x 10 = 10^x x = 1

zirconium

one forth

phi

negative

⁻

left

←

Mississippian: religion

build centers for religious ceremonies, temples and statues.

electoral college

cast of votes for president/vice president.

La Raza Unida

A party organized in the late 1960s as a means of getting Mexican Americans to unite politically and to identify ethnically as one people.

political culture

A patterned set of ideas, values and ways of thinking about government and politics.

Consumer

A person or household that purchases goods or services.

Designer

A person who designs any of a variety of things.

Engineer

A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.

Programmer

A person who writes and tests computer programs.

Crank and Slider

A pivot pin near the outside edge of a wheel or disk that changes rotary motion into reciprocating motion.

Deccan Plateau

A plateau that is located where India narrows down to the shape of a diamond.

Vanishing Point

A point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.

libertarianism

A political ideology based on skepticism or opposition toward most government activities.

socialism

A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality.

Progressive Movement

A political movement within both major parties in the early 20th century.

liberalism

A political orientation that favors progress and reform.

Majoritarianism

A political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want.

Inscribed

A polygon is inscribed in a circle if each of its vertices lie on the circle

recall

A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before their term has expired.

initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

subsistence farming

A process in which families trade food with small groups of people in their villages.

maintenance therapy

chronic pain

Municipal court

city courts (city laws)

democratic republic

A republic in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies.

Robot

A robot is a machine that performs complicated tasks and is guided by automatic controls.

Fillet

A rounded interior blend between two surfaces. Some uses are to strengthen joining surfaces or to allow a part to be removed from a mold.

soh cah toa

A saying that helps to remember the trigonometric ratios. soh-Sin. is Opposite over Hypothesis cah-Cos. is Adjacent over Hypthesis toa-Tan. is Opposite over Adjacent

monsoon

A season that contains a lot of rain. It lasts from June through September and is good for farming.

conservatism

A set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles and a cautious response to change.

Sine

A sine is half of a chord. More accurately, the sine of an angle is half the chord of twice the angle.

Annotate

A sketch on which notes are made to provide further information.

Chamfer

A small angled surface formed between two surfaces.

elite theory

A small group of people identified by wealth or political power; who rule in their self-interest.

Economics

A social science that deals with production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Unit

A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.

Diameter

A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.

Oscillate

A swing back and forth at a regular rate.

Digital Signal

A system of discrete states: high or low, on or off, 1 or O.

Federalism

A system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis

Constitutional Government

A system of government in which the functions of government are defined by a constitution. It effectively restrains the powers of the government and guarantees certain rights to the people.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Closed-Loop System

A system that uses feedback from the output to control the input.

Design Process

A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to a problem or to satisfy human needs and wants and winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.

Hyperpluralism

A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened.

Elite and Class Theory

A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization.

Pluralism

A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest goups.

Extension Line

A thin solid line perpendicular to a dimension line, indicating which feature is associated with the dimension.

Decision Matrix

A tool for systematically ranking alternatives according to a set of criteria.

Gear

A toothed wheel that works with others to alter the relation between the speed of an engine and the speed of the driven parts.

Limit Switch

A touch sensor used to limit the motion of a moving device. Limit switches may be used to provide a precise beginning and end point to mechanical motion.

NAFTA

A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.

Torque

A twisting force.

Model

A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original. A model is often trend to test ideas, make changes to a design, and to learn more about would happen to a similar, real object.

Model

A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original. A model is often used to test ideas, make changes to a design, and to learn more about what would happen to a similar, real object.

Design Brief

A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.

What 2 treaties did the governemt become part of to break ties with England

ANZUS, SEATO

anarchy

Absence of government

What are the effects of acid rain?

Acid rain is rain mixed with pollution. It is caused by moisture and pollution coming together. Collects in lakes, ponds, kills fish and eats away at buildings

Department of Commerce

Acting Secretary Rebeca Blank

Pregnancy Category A

Adequate and well-controlled human studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).

Enviornmental Protection Agency

Administrator Lisa P. Jackson

Small Business Administrator

Adminsitrator Karen G. Mills

National Security Council

Advises president on military and foregin

Jesse Owens

African American Olympic track star during World War II

Martin Luther King, Jr.

African American civil rights leader who was assassinated in Alabama in 1968

Tuskegee Airman

African American pilots during WWII

Langston Hughes

African American poet during the Harlem Renaissance

Rosa Parks

African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus which led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Which of the following is most helpful in understanding why voter turnout among African Americans is so low relative to other races and ethnicities?

African Americans have lower incomes

The eye of horus (not a god)

After Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth, Horus fought with Seth for the throne of Egypt. In this battle, Horus lost one of his eyes. The eye was restored to him and it became a symbol of protection for the ancient Egyptians. After this battle, Horus was chosen to be the ruler of the world of the living. One of the best-preserved temples in Egypt today was dedicated to Horus. It is located in Upper Egypt at a town called Edfu.

Political Participation

All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue.

Biotechnology

All the technology connected with plant and animal life.

Customary system

Also referred to as the English system of measuring. The measuring system based on the foot, second, and pound as units of length, time, weight, or mass.

US Ambassador to the UN

Ambassador Susan Rice

Which of the following is the most accurate description of Americans' views of government?

Americans tend to have high expectations for what government can accomplish

Optimize

An act, process, or methodology used to make a design or system as effective or functional as possible within the given criteria and constraints.

The Valley (of the Rio Grande)

An area along the Texas side of the Rio Grande known for its production of citrus fruits.

Winter Garden

An area of South Texas know for its vegetable production.

Tidelands

An area that extends three leagues (about 10 miles) off the Texas coast.

Manipulators

An arm-like mechanism on a robotic system which grabs and moves objects with a number of degrees of freedom under automatic control.

capitalism

An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract.

referendum

An electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval.

Trade-off

An exchange of one thing in return for another; especially relinquishment of one benefit or advantage for another regarded as more desirable.

Innovation

An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.

government

An institution in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocate benefits and previleges.

Design

An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems.

Design

An iterative decision-making process that produces plans which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solves problems.

institution

An ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society.

Profile

An outline of something as seen from one side. making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

Political Culture

An overall set of values widely shared within a society.

Pregnancy Category B

Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

Which of the following Conventions helped to produce the Constitutional Convention?

Annapolis Convention

Sherman antitrust act of 1890

Antitrust legistation stating: "Every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade is declared to be illegal." Terminology in the act was vague and difficult to prove.

Supreme Court Justices

Antonin Scalia Anthony Kennedy Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer Samuel Alito Elena Kagan

Force

Anything that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction or shape. (Anything that can push or pull).

property

Anything that is or may be subject to ownership.

Behavior

Anything your robot does; turning on a motor is a behavior, following a line is a behavior, navigating a maze is a behavior.

Aten

Appearance: A sun disk with rays which end in hands Aten was a form of the sun god Ra. During the reign of Akhenaten, the Aten was made the 'king' of the gods.

"the world is flat"

Argues that the world is undergoing its third phase of globalization: "Globalization 3.0 is shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattening the playing field at the same time" (2005: 10). Whereas in the past globalization was characterized by companies becoming more global, this third phase is unique due to "the newfound power for individuals to collaborate and compete globally. This flattening process is happening at warp speed and directly or indirectly touching a lot more people on the planet at once"

Department of Education

Arne Duncan

Why was the First Continental Congress called?

Arrange a delegation to go to Britain to meet with the king and present their grievances

"Liberty is to faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air..." The quote is from?

Article 10 of the Federalist Papers

The Rise of the Tyrants

As time passed and their populations grew, many of these agricultural city-states began to produce consumer goods such as pottery, cloth, wine and metalwork. Trade in these goods made some people—usually not members of the old aristocracy—very wealthy. These people resented the unchecked power of the oligarchs and banded together, sometimes with the aid of heavily-armed soldiers called hoplites, to put new leaders in charge. These leaders were known as tyrants. Some tyrants turned out to be just as autocratic as the oligarchs they replaced, while others proved to be enlightened leaders. (Pheidon of Argos established an orderly system of weights and measures, for instance, while Theagenes of Megara brought running water to his city.) However, their rule did not last: The classical period brought with it a series of political reforms that created the system known as demokratia, or "rule by the people."

Chord

As used in mathematics, the word chord refers to a straight line drawn between two points on a circle (or more generally, on any curve). The known first trigonometric table was a table of chords. In modern times, the sine is used instead (sines and chords are closely related), but, perhaps, chords are more intuitive.

Perpendicular

At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.

Georgia

Atlanta

Fix

Attach or position securely.

Department of Justice

Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin describing the injustices of slavery

Part 3: Age of emperors

Augustus' rule restored morale in Rome after a century of discord and corruption and ushered in the famous pax Romana-two full centuries of peace and prosperity. He instituted various social reforms, won numerous military victories and allowed Roman literature, art, architecture and religion to flourish. Augustus ruled for 56 years, supported by his great army and by a growing cult of devotion to the emperor. When he died, the Senate elevated Augustus to the status of a god, beginning a long-running tradition of deification for popular emperors. Augustus' dynasty included the unpopular Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), the bloodthirsty and unstable Caligula (37-41) and Claudius (41-54), who was best remembered for his army's conquest of Britain. The line ended with Nero (54-68), whose excesses drained the Roman treasury and led to his downfall and eventual suicide. Four emperors took the throne in the tumultuous year after Nero's death; the fourth, Vespasian (69-79), and his successors, Titus and Domitian, were known as the Flavians; they attempted to temper the excesses of the Roman court, restore Senate authority and promote public welfare. Titus (79-81) earned his people's devotion with his handling of recovery efforts after the infamous eruption of Vesuvius(volcano), which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The reign of Nerva (96-98), who was selected by the Senate to succeed Domitian, began another golden age in Roman history, during which four emperors--Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius--took the throne peacefully, succeeding one another by adoption, as opposed to hereditary succession. Trajan (98-117) expanded Rome's borders to the greatest extent in history with victories over the kingdoms of Dacia (now northwestern Romania) and Parthia. His successor Hadrian (117-138) solidified the empire's frontiers and continued his predecessor's work of establishing internal stability and instituting administrative reforms. Under Antoninus Pius (138-161), Rome continued in peace and prosperity, but the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180) was dominated by conflict, including war against Parthia and Armenia and the invasion of Germanic tribes from the north. When Marcus fell ill and died near the battlefield at Vindobona (Vienna), he broke with the tradition of non-hereditary succession and named his 19-year-old son Commodus as his successor.

Part 1: Beginning and development of the Empire

Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy's Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Conquering this land required much sacrifice and war but it was accomplished. Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar's rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the empire's decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilization. As legend has it, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars (the god of war). They were left to drown in a basket on the Tiber by a king of nearby Alba Longa and rescued by a she-wolf (A mythical creature said to help heroes. Her appears is of a wolf whit the soul of a women) the twins lived to defeat that king and found their own city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named for him. Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. The king was accuse of hitting and abusing of a noblewomen. Whatever the cause, Rome turned from a monarchy into a republic, a world derived from res publica, or "property of the people." The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls; they also served as commanders in chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were drawn largely from the Senate, which was dominated by the patricians, or the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. Politics in the early republic was marked by the long struggle between patricians and plebeians (the common people), who eventually attained some political power through years of concessions and protest. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables-and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil law. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate, which at the time included only members of patrician and wealthy plebeian families.

Weightless

Being without a support force, as in free fall.

Binational

Belonging to two nations.

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin

Who was the prime minister from 1945-1949

Ben chiefley

What do the Zapatistas want to gain for the Chiapas?

Better jobs, educaiton, housing, and healthcare

What was the president's name in the movie Dave?

Bill Mitchell

Idaho

Boise

Executive

Branch ensures all laws of the U.S. are executed

capital goods

Buildings, machines, technology, and tools needed to produce goods and services.

Henry Ford

Built the first automobile using the moving assembly line

Before the 17th Amendment, how were U.S. Senators selected?

By their state legislatures

sucrose sugar

C12H22O11

glucose sugar

C6H12O

methan

CH4

carbon monoxide

carbon dioxide

CO2

Which of the following is an executive brance check on the legislative branch?

Calling Congress into special session

Down Ticket

Candidates for lower political offices are located further down the ballot.

Ashoka

Chandragupta's grandson who took power of the Mauryan Empire in about 270B.C. He stretched the empire south to the Deccan Plateau.

Modify

Change to ensure accuracy.

Concentric

Circles or arcs that share the same center.

Rotary Motion

Circular movement.

Debate among political historians continues over the motives of the Framers. Charles Beard argues that the Framers in Philadelphia were:

Concerned the Articles of Confederation were too weak to protect their economic interests

Ethical

Conforming to an established set of principles or accepted professional standards of conduct.

In which of the followig institutions do Americans typicalls have the least confidence?

Congress

Which of the following was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

Congress had no direct authority over citizens but had to work through the states

Under America's first constitution, the Articles of Confederation:

Congress was a unicameral body

Which of the following best explains why the legislative controversy was the most urgent of all issues debated at the Convention, including the very tense issue of slaver?

Congress was seen as a plural issue not a single issue

Which of the following best describes the federal government's decision to declare war?

Congress' power to declare was is greater than a simple check over the presidnet's power as commander-in-chief because it is found in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution which lists the essential powers of Cognress

Henry David Thoreau said "the government is best which governs least." Which political ideology is this most consistent with?

Conservative

Of the three generic political labels used in the U.S., which would support the following quote, "Government that governs least, governs best"?

Conservatives

What document begins with "We the people..."?

Constitution

What type of government does Canada have?

Constitutional Monarchy

Fabricate

Construct or manufacture an industrial product.

Electric

Containing, producing, arising from, or actuated by electricity.

Our philosophy of republican government involves elections that are both competitive and what?

Cooperative

Which of the following is metaphorically referred to as "picket-fence" federalism?

Cooperative federalism

Constitutional Monarchy

Country that still continues to have a queen or king that inherit its position. the king or queen does not have all the control groups of lawmakers make the laws and major decisions

enviromental protection agency

Covers air and water pollution, noise, pesticides, solid waste, radiation and toxic substances.

Which country does the United States have an embargo against?

Cuba

Cortez route

Cuba, Veracruz, Tiaxcala, Puebla, to Mexico City

disadvantages of globalization (cultural)

Cultural imperialism

John Locke's ideas heavily influenced the language used in the:

Declaration of Independence

The Framers of the Constitution sought to insulate the Senate from public opinion and the fickle passion of the people by

Delegating responsibility for electing senators to the state legislator

Which of the following would have been least acceptable to most of the Framers?

Democracy

Majority Leader Senate

Democrat Harry Reid

Minority Whipe House

Democrat Steny Hoyer

Which party's national convention tends to be most representative of the demographic makeup of the American population?

Democratic

Iowa

Des Moines

Functional

Designed to be practical and useful.

Hitler

Dictator of Germany during WWII

Mussolini

Dictator of Italy who led the country into WWII

Stalin

Dictator of Russia during WWII. Noted for bringing the Soviet Union into world prominence

9th amendment

Does not deny people any rights that are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

Military and struggles

During the early republic, the Roman state grew exponentially in both size and power. Though the Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C., the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the military hero Camillus, eventually gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula by 264 B.C. Rome then fought a series of wars known as the Punic Wars with Carthage, a powerful city-state in northern Africa. The first two Punic Wars ended with Rome in full control of Sicily, the western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.), the Romans captured and destroyed the city of Carthage and sold its surviving inhabitants into slavery, making a section of northern Africa a Roman province. At the same time, Rome also spread its influence east, defeating King Philip V of Macedonia in the Macedonian Wars and turning his kingdom into another Roman province. At this rate Rome was manly conquering most of Europe, and northern African. Rome's military conquests led directly to its cultural growth as a society, as the Romans benefited greatly from contact with such advanced cultures as the Greeks. The first Roman literature appeared around 240 B.C., with translations of Greek classics into Latin; Romans would eventually adopt much of Greek art, philosophy and religion. Rome's complex political institutions began to crumble under the weight of the growing empire, ushering in an era of internal turmoil and violence. The gap between rich and poor widened as wealthy landowners drove small farmers from public land, while access to government was increasingly limited to the more privileged classes. Attempts to address these social problems, such as the reform movements of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus (in 133 B.C. and 123-22 B.C., respectively) ended in the reformers' deaths at the hands of their opponents. These acts of attempts to close the gap failed instead cause death. Gaius Marius, a commoner whose military prowess elevated him to the position of consul (for the first of six terms) in 107 B.C., was the first of a series of warlords who would dominate Rome during the late republic. By 91 B.C., Marius was struggling against attacks by his opponents, including his fellow general Sulla, who emerged as military dictator around 82 B.C. After Sulla retired, one of his former supporters, Pompey, briefly served as consul before waging successful military campaigns against pirates in the Mediterranean and the forces of Mithridates in Asia. During this same period, Marcus Tullius Cicero, elected consul in 63 B.C., famously defeated the conspiracy of the patrician Cataline and won a reputation as one of Rome's greatest orators.

6th amendment

Ensure right to speedy trial, to be informed of charges against defendant, to counsel.

Which of the following are associated with American political culture?

Equal oppurtunity, individualism, liberty, and political equality

5th amendment

Establishes grand jury; protects against double jeopardy, and self-incrimination;guarantees due process of law and eminent domain.

Law of universal gravitation

Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that, for two bodies, is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them: *F = G × m₁m₂/d²*

Annotation

Explanatory notes added to a drawing.

disadvantages of globalization (economic)

Exploitative; only benefits a few; gap between rich and poor

Exponentially

Extremely rapid increase.

What place in the world can have their temperatures Fahrenheit and Celsius equal?

F = 1.8C + 32 x = 1.8x + 32 x - 1.8x = 1.8x + 32 - 1.8x -0.8x = 32 -8x = 320 -x = 40 x = -40 The only place that might be -40 degrees cold must be Anartica.

According to Madison in Article 10 of the Federalist Papers, what serves as the greatest threat to individual freedoms and liberties within a free government?

Factions

La Reunion

Failed French socialist colony of the 1800s located within the city limits of modern Dallas. Its skilled and educated inhabitants benefited early Dallas.

New Federalsim

Federal state relationship proposed by Reagan Hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state government

What is the division of powers between the national government and its regional governments referred to as?

Federal system

Of the seven main principles of the Constitution, which divides powers between different levels of government?

Federalism

Thurgood Marshall

First African American Supreme Court Justice who won Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that established equality for African Americans in housing, voting, employment, and education.

Jefferson Davis

First and only President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

Texas v Johnson (1989)

Flag-burning is symbolic speech with a political purpose and is protected by 1st Amendment.

Which of the following ultimately created Congress as we know it today?

Florida Plan

speaker of the house

Following the vice president, the next in succession for the presidency is the :

Visualization

Formation of mental visual images.

Kentucky

Frankfort

1st amendment

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition government.

Mysterious Decline of the Maya

From the late eighth through the end of the ninth century, something unknown happened to shake the Maya civilization to its foundations. One by one, the Classic cities in the southern lowlands were abandoned, and by A.D. 900, Maya civilization in that region had collapsed. The reason for this mysterious decline is unknown, though scholars have developed several competing theories. Some believe that by the ninth century the Maya had exhausted the environment around them to the point that it could no longer sustain a very large population. Other Maya scholars argue that constant warfare among competing city-states led the complicated military, family (by marriage) and trade alliances between them to break down, along with the traditional system of dynastic power. As the stature of the holy lords diminished, their complex traditions of rituals and ceremonies dissolved into chaos. Finally, some catastrophic environmental change--like an extremely long, intense period of drought--may have wiped out the Classic Maya civilization. Drought would have hit cities like Tikal--where rainwater was necessary for drinking as well as for crop irrigation--especially hard. All three of these factors--overpopulation and overuse of the land, endemic warfare and drought--may have played a part in the downfall of the Maya in the southern lowlands. In the highlands of the Yucatan, a few Maya cities--such as Chichén Itzá, Uxmal and Mayapán--continued to flourish in the Post-Classic Period (A.D. 900-1500). By the time the Spanish invaders arrived, however, most Maya were living in agricultural villages, their great cities buried under a layer of rain forest green.

A state must honor the public acts and records of any other state under the:

Full faith and credit clause

Under the _______, and adoption recognized by the state of Pennsylvania would be recognized by the state of Colorado

Full faith and credit clause

Which of the following was the principla "architect" of the Constitution?

G. Morris

GA General Assembly

GA legislative Body

Which of the following best describes what New Federalism tends to favor

General revenue sharing over block grants

In which 1824 case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress had wide authority under the commerce clause to regulate interstate commerce including commercial activity?

Gibbons vs. Ogden

10th amendment

Gives the states or the people all the powers not specifically granted to Congress or denied to states.

Hephaestus

God of blacksmiths, craftsmen and fire

Hades

God of the dead

Poseidon

God of the sea

legislature

Government body primarily responsible for the making of laws.

autocratic government

Government in which a single ruler or group has unlimited power

Ancient

Greece

Single-Issue Groups

Groups so concerned with one issue that members cast their votes on the basis of that issue only.

Pluralist Theory

Groups with shared instersts influence public policy by pressing their concerns through organized efforts.

water

H2O

hydrogen peroxide

H2O2

sulfuric acid

H2SO4

hydrochloric acid

HCl

One day, a person went to horse racing area, Instead of counting the number of human and horses, he instead counted 74 heads and 196 legs. Yet he knew the number of humans and horses there. How did he do it, and how many humans and horses are there?

HM = Human and HR = Horse HM + HR = 74 2HM + 4HR = 196 (2HM + 4HR) - (2 HM + 2HR) = 196 - 148 2HR = 48 HR = 24 HM + (24) = 74 HM = 74 - 24 HM = 50 So, the solution is 24 horses and 50 humans.

Although selected as one of the 74 possible delegates at the Convention, which of the following stayed away because he "smelt a rat"?

Henry

Spring tides

High or low tides that occur when the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are all lined up so that the tides due to the Sun and the Moon coincide, making the high tides higher than average and the low tides lower than average.

Secretary of State

Hilary Clinton

Department of Labor

Hildo L. Solis

Department of State

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Hawaii

Honolulu

Angle measurement and tables

If there is anything that distinguishes trigonometry from the rest of geometry, it is that trig depends on angle measurement and quantities determined by the measure of an angle. Of course, all of geometry depends on treating angles as quantities, but in the rest of geometry, angles aren't measured, they're just compared or added or subtracted. Trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent are used in computations in trigonometry. These functions relate measurements of angles to measurements of associated straight lines as described later in this short course. Trig functions are not easy to compute like polynomials are. So much time goes into computing them in ancient times that tables were made for their values. Even with tables, using trig functions takes time because any use of a trig function involves at least one multiplication or division, and, when several digits are involved, even multiplication and division are slow. In the early 17th century computation sped up with the invention of logarithms and soon after slide rules. With the advent of calculators computation has become easy. Tables, logarithms, and slide rules aren't needed in trigonometric computations. All you have to do is enter the numbers and push a few buttons to get the answer. One of the things that used to make learning trig difficult was performing the computations. Thats not a problem anymore.

Controller

In robotics, a tiny computer that acts as the robot's brain and contains the computer program.

Power Supply

In robotics, provides power to the robot; may supply electricity, hydraulic power, or pneumatic power.

Limited Government

In this type of government everyone, including all authority figures, must obey laws. Constitutions, statements of rights, or other laws define the limits of those in power so they cannot take advantage of the elected, appointed, or inherited positions.

Public Opinion Polls

Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population Ex: what an individual feels towards the election of celebrities, what should change in the economy, basically a "voice out" opinion.

Alexander Graham Bell

Inventor in the field of communication. Best known for invention of the telephone.

Thomas Edison

Inventor who is best known for inventions of elecricity, lightbulb, and the phonograph

Father of the Constitution

James Madison

Who was the "principal architect" of the Constitution?

James Madison

The "author" of the Constitution was

James Wilson

Department of Homeland Security

Janet A. Napolitano

Louis Armstrong

Jazz Age musician during the Harlem Renaissance who played the trumpet

Office of Management and Budget

Jeffery Zients

Which of the following Framers would most likely be considered a "second tier" name on the list of those found in the Constitution?

John Dickinson

Whose pressure pushed the Second Continental Congress to issue the Declaration of Independence earlier than they probably would have liked?

John Dickinson

President of the 2nd Continental Congress

John Hancock

The idea of limiting the role of government to protecting "life, liberity and property" is generally attributed to:

John Locke

The principles of freedom as stated in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, such as "we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal" were influenced most by the beliefs of political philosopher

John Locke

Supreme Court Chief Justice

John Roberts

When was the Declaration of Independence signed? When was the Constitution signed?

July 4, 1776. September 17, 1787.

Minos

King of the Minoans. He kept the minataur in his maze

Zeus

King of the gods

Nikita Khrushchev

Leader of the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Antitrust legislation

Legislation directed against economic monopolies.

Which of the following would the Framers most likely consider to be "first branch" of the federal government?

Legislative

Leader Line

Lines that are thin and used to connect a specific note to a feature.

What is the economic philosophy of the 17th century that advocated the acquisition of colonies for the purpose of improving the motherland's economy?

Mercantilism

Hermes

Messenger of the gods

Random Sampling

Method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected Ex: blogs, facebook, the internet media.

Senate Minority Leader

Mitch Mcconnell

Which of the following is the best example of preemption?

No Child Left Behind

Industrial

Of, relating to, or resulting from industry.

Categorical grants are

Often involve state matching funds

According to Aristotle's classifications of government, rule by a few for the benefit of the public is an:

Oligarchy

First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 B.C.)

On the heels of the Old Kingdom's collapse, the seventh and eighth dynasties consisted of a rapid succession of Memphis-based rulers until about 2160 B.C., when the central authority completely dissolved, leading to civil war between provincial governors. This chaotic situation was intensified by Bedouin invasions and accompanied by famine and disease. From this era of conflict emerged two different kingdoms: A line of 17 rulers (dynasties nine and 10) based in Heracleopolis ruled Middle Egypt between Memphis and Thebes, while another family of rulers arose in Thebes to challenge Heracleopolitan power. Around 2055 B.C., the Theban prince Mentuhotep managed to topple Heracleopolis and reunited Egypt, beginning the 11th dynasty and ending the First Intermediate Period.

How many branches of government did the Articles of Confederation possess?

One

Bevel gear

One of a pair of gears used to connect two shafts whose axes intersect.

Life in the Rain forest

One of the many intriguing things about the Maya was their ability to build a great civilization in a tropical rainforest climate. Traditionally, ancient peoples had flourished in drier climates, where the centralized management of water resources (through irrigation and other techniques) formed the basis of society. (This was the case for the Teotihuacan of highland Mexico, contemporaries of the Classic Maya.) In the southern Maya lowlands, however, there were few navigable rivers for trade and transport, as well as no obvious need for an irrigation system. By the late 20th century, researchers had concluded that the climate of the lowlands was in fact quite environmentally diverse. Though foreign invaders were disappointed by the region's relative lack of silver and gold, the Maya took advantage of the area's many natural resources, including limestone (for construction), the volcanic rock obsidian (for tools and weapons) and salt. The environment also held other treasures for the Maya, including jade, quetzal feathers (used to decorate the elaborate costumes of Maya nobility) and marine shells, which were used as trumpets in ceremonies and warfare.

Many Worlds

One other interpretation, presented first by Hugh Everett III in 1957, is the many worlds or branching universe interpretation. In this theory, whenever a measurement takes place, the entire universe divides as many times as there are possible outcomes of the measurement. All universes are identical except for the outcome of that measurement. Unlike the science fiction view of "parallel universes", it is not possible for any of these worlds to interact with each other. While this creates an unthinkable number of different worlds, it does solve the problem of Schrödinger's cat. Instead of one cat, we now have two; one is dead, the other alive. However, it has still not solved the measurement problem! If the universe split every time there was more then one possibility, then we would not see the interference pattern in the electron experiment. So when does it split? No alternative interpretation has yet answered this question in a satisfactory way. And so the search continues...

Inverse

Opposite in position, direction, order, or effect.

Prohibition

Outlawing of the production, sales and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Vertical

Parallel to the Y axis.

Which of the following factors will have the greatest influence in determining which political party a person will join?

Parents

The most powerful predictor of vote choice is

Party identification

Why is the Amazon Rainforest being cut down?

People want both the land for farming and the wood to sell.

sudras

People who were in the lowest position of society. They farmed and served others.

Arizona

Phoenix

To quell Shay's Rebellion, Massachusetts relied on money from

Pirvate sources

Size Dimension

Placed directly on a feature to identify a specific size or may be connected to a feature in the form of a note.

What is the belieft in how government ought to operate when making its decisions called?

Political culture

The belief that a persons' vote is important and can significantly influence public policy

Political efficacy

legitmacy

Popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority.

What language is spoken in Brazil?

Portuguese because the area was colonized by Portugal.

Concurrent Powers

Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes.

Commander in Chief

President as commander of Nation's armed forces

Chief Administrator

President as head of the administration of the Federal Government

Chief of Party

President as the leader of his or her political party

Chief Diplomat

President as the main architect of foreign policy and spokesperson

Chief Citizen

President as the representative of the people, working for the public

Chief Executive

President as vested with the executive power of the United States

William McKinley

President of US during Spanish American War. Helped make the United States a world leader

Harry S. Truman

President of the US who made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaskai during WWII

The proposed "Equal oppurtunity to Govern" amendment would most clearly benefit

Presidential aspirants who have been naturalized

Political socialization

Process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values. Ex: the influence of family, friends, schools, etc. shape the way an individual holds his/her political beliefs.

Software

Programs and other operating information used by a computer.

8th amendment

Prohibits excessive bail or fines and prohibits its cruel and unusual punishment.

The original intent of the Bill of Rights was to

Protect citizens from overly powerful national government

4th amendment

Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures and requires probable cause for search warrants.

The creation ofthe Department of Homeland Security best serve as an example of the national government attempting to:

Provide for the common defense

What did the Three-Fifths Compromise do?

Provided a formula by which slaves would be counted for apportioning the House (Constitutional Convention)

7th amendment

Provides for trial by jury.

Which of the following technically signed the Constitution twice?

Read

Which of the following best describes the impact of Motor Voter on voter turnout since its passing?

Registrations have increased but voter turnout has increased slightly

The term "republic" is sometimes used interchangeably with what term?

Representative democracy

Those who argue that the House of Representatives is the federal institution most responsive to the will of the people are most likely to cite as evidence the fact that:

Representatives must run for reelection every two years whereas members of the Senate must run for reelection every six years and the president every four years

Majority Leader House

Republican Eric Cantor

Minority Leader Senate

Republican Mitch McConnell

Secretary of Defense

Robert Gates

Who was prime minister in 1949

Robert Menzies

Western Ghats

Rugged mountains that are west of the Deccan Plateau.

Oligarchy

Rule by a few.

aristocracy

Rule by the "best"; in reality, rule by an upper class.

The center head of this nine-headed monster was human. The remaining heads were serpents.

Scylla

The U.S. Constitution was signed on the date of

September 17, 1787

When was the Constitution signed?

September 17, 1787

Federalist Papers

Series of essays that defended the Constitution and tried to reassure Americans that the states would not be overpowered by the federal government.

Pseudocode

Shorthand notation for programming which uses a combination of informal programming structures and verbal descriptions of code.

The makeup of the Electoral College is affected by reapportionment, which has moved political power from the Northeast to the

South and West

This monster has the head and torso of a woman, the body of a lion, and wings.

Sphinx

Line Conventions

Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style.

Black Codes

State laws passed after the Civil War that severely restricted the rights of freed slaves.

The Constitution has a long list of enumerated federal powers, but few state powers are spelled out. This is because

States had all of the power at the time of the writing of the Constitution and a list was deemed to be unnecessary

Which of the following would best identify someone who interprets the Tenth Amendment as greatly restricting the power of the national government?

States' righter

Pregnancy Category X

Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigation or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.

Apollo

Sun god; god of medicine; music, poetry, dance, math, and prophecy

The Democratic Party uses _________ which are high ranking party officials that automatically receive a vote in the nomination of the party's presidential candidate at the party's convention

Superdelegates

Florida

Tallahassee

examples of trade barriers

Tariffs, quotas, embargoes, and even physical barriers like mountains

excise taxes

Taxes placed on manufactured products. The excise tax on whiskey helped raise revenue for Hamilton's program.

Which of the following acts resulted in the Boston Tea Party?

Tea Act

Robotics

Technology dealing with the design, construction, and operation of robots in automation.

What was the domino theory?

That if one nation fell to communism then all the others would fall like dominos.

Which of the following has been used most often to generically define the division of powers within our federal system?

The 10th Amendment

Second Intermediate Period (c. 1786-1567 B.C.)

The 13th dynasty marked the beginning of another unsettled period in Egyptian history, during which a rapid succession of kings failed to consolidate power. As a consequence, during the Second Intermediate Period Egypt was divided into several spheres of influence. The official royal court and seat of government was relocated to Thebes, while a rival dynasty (the 14th), centered on the city of Xois in the Nile delta, seems to have existed at the same time as the 13th. Around 1650 B.C., a line of foreign rulers known as the Hyksos took advantage of Egypt's instability to take control. The Hyksos rulers of the 15th dynasty adopted and continued many of the existing Egyptian traditions in government as well as culture. They ruled concurrently with the line of native Theban rulers of the 17th dynasty, who retained control over most of southern Egypt despite having to pay taxes to the Hyksos. (The 16th dynasty is variously believed to be Theban or Hyksos rulers.) Conflict eventually flared between the two groups, and the Thebans launched a war against the Hyksos around 1570 B.C., driving them out of Egypt.

The fact that the Framer's decided to stipulate that the House of Representatives have exclusive power to initiate appropriation or taxing legislation can best be tied to which of the paremeters that boxed in the delegates?

The American Revolution and the need to honor the principles under which it was fought

Introduction

The Black Death arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347 when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a long journey through the Black Sea. The people who gathered on the docks to greet the ships were met with a horrifying surprise: Most of the sailors aboard the ships were dead, and those who were still alive were gravely ill. They were overcome with fever, unable to keep food down and delirious from pain. Strangest of all, they were covered in mysterious black boils that oozed blood and pus and gave their illness its name: the "Black Death." The Sicilian authorities hastily ordered the fleet of "death ships" out of the harbor, but it was too late: Over the next five years, the mysterious Black Death would kill more than 20 million people in Europe-almost one-third of the continent's population

Cities of Stone: The Classic Maya, A.D. 250-900

The Classic Period, which began around A.D. 250, was the golden age of the Maya Empire. Classic Maya civilization grew to some 40 cities, including Tikal, Uaxactún, Copán, Bonampak, Dos Pilas, Calakmul, Palenque and Río Bec; each city held a population of between 5,000 and 50,000 people. At its peak, the Maya population may have reached 2,000,000. Excavations of Maya sites have unearthed plazas, palaces, temples and pyramids, as well as courts for playing the ball games that were ritually and politically significant to Maya culture. Maya cities were surrounded and supported by a large population of farmers. Though the Maya practiced a primitive type of "slash-and-burn" agriculture, they also displayed evidence of more advanced farming methods, such as irrigation and terracing. The Maya were deeply religious, and worshiped various gods related to nature, including the gods of the sun, the moon, rain and corn. At the top of Maya society were the kings, or "kuhul ajaw" (holy lords), who claimed to be related to gods and followed a hereditary succession. They were thought to serve as mediators between the gods and people on earth, and performed the elaborate religious ceremonies and rituals so important to the Maya culture. The Classic Maya built many of their temples and palaces in a stepped pyramid shape, decorating them with elaborate reliefs and inscriptions. These structures have earned the Maya their reputation as the great artists of Mesoamerica. Guided by their religious ritual, the Maya also made significant advances in mathematics and astronomy, including the use of the zero and the development of a complex calendar system based on 365 days. Though early researchers concluded that the Maya were a peaceful society of priests and scribes, later evidence--including a thorough examination of the artwork and inscriptions on their temple walls--showed the less peaceful side of Maya culture, including the war between rival Mayan city-states and the importance of torture and human sacrifice to their religious ritual. Serious exploration of Classic Maya sites began in the 1830's. By the early to mid-20th century, a small portion of their system of hieroglyph writing had been deciphered, and more about their history and culture became known. Most of what historians know about the Maya comes from what remains of their architecture and art, including stone carvings and inscriptions on their buildings and monuments. The Maya also made paper from tree bark and wrote in books made from this paper, known as codices; four of these codices are known to have survived.

Which of the following correctly describes the impeachment process?

The House impeaches and the Senate determines the verdict

Indrotuction

The Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900, however, and since the 19th century scholars have debated what might have caused this dramatic decline.

Old Kingdom: Age of the Pyramid Builders (c. 2686-2181 B.C.)

The Old Kingdom began with the third dynasty of pharaohs. Around 2630 B.C., the third dynasty's King Djoser asked Imhotep, an architect, priest and healer, to design a funerary monument for him; the result was the world's first major stone building, the Step-Pyramid at Saqqara, near Memphis. Pyramid-building reached its zenith with the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Built for Khufu (or Cheops, in Greek), who ruled from 2589 to 2566 B.C., the pyramid was later named by classical historians as one of the ancient world's Seven Wonders. Two other pyramids were built at Giza for Khufu's successors Khafra (2558-2532 B.C) and Menkaura (2532-2503 B.C.). During the third and fourth dynasties, Egypt enjoyed a golden age of peace and prosperity. The pharaohs held absolute power and provided a stable central government; the kingdom faced no serious threats from abroad; and successful military campaigns in foreign countries like Nubia and Libya added to its considerable economic prosperity. Over the course of the fifth and sixth dynasties, the king's wealth was steadily depleted, partially due to the huge expense of pyramid-building, and his absolute power faltered in the face of the growing influence of the nobility and the priesthood that grew up around the sun god Ra (Re). After the death of the sixth dynasty's King Pepy II, who ruled for some 94 years, the Old Kingdom period ended in chaos.

Who second looks the bills

The Senate does

Why do most people of Latin America speak Spanish and Portuguese?

The Spanish and Portuguese settled the area hundreds of years ago.

Which of the following was a reason for the Marshall Court's decision in the McCulloch case?

The Supreme Court equated the power to tax with the power to destroy

Gibbons v. Ogden

The Supreme ct upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce

Which of the following characteristics of American government best illustrates the principle of federalism?

The ability of federal courts to review the rulings of state and local courts

Energy

The ability to do work.

Energy

The ability to do work. Energy is one of the basic resources used by a technological system.

Experimentation

The act of trying out a new procedure, idea, or activity.

Construction

The act or process of building, erecting, or constructing buildings, roads, or other structures.

Work

The application of force that moves an object a certain distance.

End Effector

The component of a robot that comes into contact with the work piece and does the actual work on it. Also known as the hand.

popular sovereignty

The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people.

Accuracy

The condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; precision; exactness. The degree of correctness of a quantity or expression.

cosine

The cosine of an angle is defined as the sine of the complementary angle. The complementary angle equals the given angle subtracted from a right angle, 90°. For instance, if the angle is 30°, then its complement is 60°. Generally, for any angle t, cos t = sin (90° - t). Written in terms of radian measurement, this identity becomes cos t = sin (/2 - t).

Why does Venezuela continue to drill for oil even though it is harmful to the environment?

The country makes most of it's money from the sale of oil.

Metric System

The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass.

Precision

The degree to which several measurements or calculations show the same or similar results.

All of the following were Anti-Federalist arguments against the Constitution except

The document reserved too much power to state legislatures

Documentation

The documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something. A drawing or printed information that contains instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing.

Survival of the Byzantine Empire

The eastern half of the Roman Empire proved less vulnerable to external attack, thanks in part to its geographic location. With Constantinople located on a strait, it was extremely difficult to breach the capital's defenses; in addition, the eastern empire had a much shorter common frontier with Europe. It also benefited greatly from a stronger administrative center and internal political stability, as well as great wealth compared with other states of the early medieval period. The eastern emperors were able to exert more control over the empire's economic resources and more effectively muster sufficient manpower to combat invasion. As a result of these advantages, the Eastern Roman Empire-variously known as the Byzantine Empire or Byzantium-was able to survive for centuries after the fall of Rome. Though Byzantium was ruled by Roman law and Roman political institutions, and its official language was Latin, Greek was also widely spoken, and students received education in Greek history, literature and culture. In terms of religion, the Council of Chalcedon in 451 officially established the division of the Christian world into five patriarchates, each ruled by a patriarch: Rome (where the patriarch would later call himself pope), Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. The Byzantine emperor was the patriarch of Constantinople, and the head of both church and state. (After the Islamic empire absorbed Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Byzantine emperor would become the spiritual leader of most eastern Christians.)

Impact

The effect or influence of one thing on another. Some impacts are anticipated, and others are unanticipated.

Maine and Nebraska

The electoral college is winner takes all in all states except:

Persia

The enemies of Greece whose empire was centered in present day Iran

potential energy (PE)

The energy an object has due to its position or condition.

kinetic energy (KE)

The energy and object has due to its motion.

Design Elements

The factors (e.g., line, color, light, shadow, space, texture) that define a product and take into account the aesthetics and function of the product.

Which of the following would least accurately illustrate the principle of seperation of powers?

The federal government provides Medicaid funds to help states provide healthcare to the poor

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the principles of dual federalism

The federal government should not exceed the powers enumerated in the Constitution

European Invasion & Fall of the Aztec Civilization

The first European to visit Mexican territory was Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, who arrived in Yucatán from Cuba with three ships and about 100 men in early 1517. Córdoba's reports on his return to Cuba prompted the Spanish governor there, Diego Velásquez, to send a larger force back to Mexico under the command of Hernán Cortés. In March 1519, Cortés landed at the town of Tabasco, where he learned from the natives of the great Aztec civilization, then ruled by Moctezuma (or Montezuma) II. Defying the authority of Velasquéz, Cortés founded the city of Veracruz on the southeastern Mexican coast, where he trained his army into a disciplined fighting force. Cortés and some 400 soldiers then marched into Mexico, aided by a native woman known as Malinche, who served as a translator. Thanks to instability within the Aztec empire, Cortés was able to form alliances with other native peoples, notably the Tlascalans, who were then at war with Montezuma. The first European to visit Mexican territory was Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, who arrived in Yucatán from Cuba with three ships and about 100 men in early 1517. Córdoba's reports on his return to Cuba prompted the Spanish governor there, Diego Velásquez, to send a larger force back to Mexico under the command of Hernán Cortés. In March 1519, Cortés landed at the town of Tabasco, where he learned from the natives of the great Aztec civilization, then ruled by Moctezuma (or Montezuma) II. Defying the authority of Velasquéz, Cortés founded the city of Veracruz on the southeastern Mexican coast, where he trained his army into a disciplined fighting force. Cortés and some 400 soldiers then marched into Mexico, aided by a native woman known as Malinche, who served as a translator. Thanks to instability within the Aztec empire, Cortés was able to form alliances with other native peoples, notably the Tlascalans, who were then at war with Montezuma. In November 1519, Cortés and his men arrived in Tenochtitlán, where Montezuma and his people greeted them as honored guests according to Aztec custom (partially due to Cortés' physical resemblance to the light-skinned Quetzalcoatl, whose "return" was prophesied in Aztec legend). Though the Aztecs had superior numbers, their weapons were inferior, and Cortés was able to immediately take Montezuma and his entourage of lords hostage, gaining control of Tenochtitlán. The Spaniards then murdered thousands of Aztec nobles during a ritual dance ceremony, and Montezuma died under uncertain circumstances while in custody. Cuauhtémoc, his young nephew, took over as emperor, and the Aztecs drove the Spaniards from the city. With the help of the Aztecs' native rivals, Cortés mounted an offensive against Tenochtitlán, finally defeating Cuauhtémoc's resistance on August 13, 1521. In all, some 240,000 people were believed to have died in the city's conquest, which effectively ended the Aztec civilization. After his victory, Cortés razed Tenochtitlán and built Mexico City on its ruins; it quickly became the premier European center in the New World.

Minoans

The first civilization of Greece located on Crete

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution.

Weight

The force that an object exerts on a supporting surface (or, if suspended, on a supporting string), which is often, but not always, due to the force of gravity.

Cyrus II

The founder of the Persian Empire.

Drive Gear

The gear which transmits power and motion to the rest of the system. The input gear.

Metroplex

The greater Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area.

liberty

The greatest freedom of the individual that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society.

Mount Everest

The highest mountain in the world. It is located in the Himalayas mountain range and is 29,035 feet tall.

Acropolis

The highest point in a polis

equality

The idea that all people are of equal worth.

consent of the people

The idea that governments and laws derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed.

Gravitational field

The influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body, It is measured in newtons per kilogram (*N/kg*).

Government

The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society.

Why is Latin America so culturally diverse?

The intermarriage of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans.

Policy Agenda

The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at any given time.

Numerator

The number above the line in a fraction showing how many of the parts indicated by the denominator is taken.

Which of the following most directly determines the number of electoral votes a state receives in a presidential election?

The number of members the state sends to Congress

Introduction

The origins of the great civilization known as the Byzantine Empire can be traced to 330 A.D., when the Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a "new Rome" on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium. Though the western half of the Roman Empire crumbled and fell in 476, the eastern half survived for 1,000 more years, spawning a rich tradition of art, literature and learning and serving as a military buffer between the states of Europe and the threat of invasion from Asia. The Byzantine Empire finally fell in 1453, after an Ottoman army stormed Constantinople during the reign of Constantine XI.

Requirements

The parameters placed on the development of a product or system. The requirements include safety needs, the physical laws that will limit the development of an idea, the available resources, the cultural norms, and the use of criteria and constraints.

Mechanism

The part of a machine which contains two or more pieces arranged so that the motion of one compels the motion of the others.

Which of the following typically occurs in midterm elections, especially in the sixth year of a president's term?

The president's party loses seats in Congress

The Constitution as ratified in 1788 most clearly represents the Framer's commitment to

The principle of limited government

The Constitution, as signed in 1787 and ratified in 1788, represents the Framers' commitment to:

The principle of limited government

Transportation

The process by which passengers or goods are moved or delivered from one place to another.

political socialization

The process by which political beliefs are transmitted to new immigrants and to our children. The family and the educational systems are two of the most important forces in the political socialization process.

Politics

The process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue; produces authoritative decisions about public issues.

Debug

The process of detecting and eliminating a device's malfunctions.

Troubleshoot

The process of locating trouble and making repairs in machinery and technical equipment.

politics

The process of resolving conflicts and deciding "who get what, when and how. The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or withhold benefits or previleges.

Problem Solving

The process of understanding a problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and evaluating the plan in order to solve a problem or meet a need or want.

Critics of the U.S. presidential primary process argue that

The quality of participation in primaries is low

Ratio

The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Agriculture

The raising of crops and animals for food, feed, fiber, fuel, or other useful products.

Gear Ratio

The ratio of the speed of the driving member of a gear train to that of the driven member.

Representaion

The relationship between the few leaders and the many citizens.

Political Issue

The result of people disagreeing about a problem or about the public policy needed to fix it.

Output

The results of the operation of any system.

authority

The right to give orders, make decisions, or take action.

Which of the following rights/liberties is not specifically mentioned in the Bill of rights?

The right to privacy

Math

The science of patterns and order and the study of measurement, properties, and the relationships of quantities using numbers and symbols.

Secession

The seperation of a territory from a larger political unit. Specifically the secession of Southern states from the Union in 1860 and 1861.

Which of the following is least accurate regarding the criticisms levied against the Electoral College as it operates today?

The smallest of states receive too few electoral votes relative to other states

Work envelope

The space within which a robotic arm can move.

Science

The study of our natural world through observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanations.

Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design device, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and efficiently.

Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workplace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.

Communication

The transmission of information through a common system of symbols, signs, behavior, speech, writing, or signals.

Belt and Pulley

The transmission of power between shafts by means of a belt connecting pulleys on the shafts.

Automation

The use of technology to ease human labor or to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans.

The Infinity Problem

There is one last problem that we will discuss before moving on to the alternative interpretation. Unlike the others, this problem lies primarily in the mathematics of a certain part of quantum physics called quantum electrodynamics, or QED. This branch of quantum physics explains the electromagnetic interaction in quantum terms. The problem is, when you add the interaction particles and try to solve Schrödinger's wave equation, you get an electron with infinite mass, infinite energy, and infinite charge. There is no way to get rid of the infinities using valid mathematics, so, the theorists simply divide infinity by infinity and get whatever result the guys in the lab say the mass, energy, and charge should be51. Even fudging the math, the other results of QED are so powerful that most physicists ignore the infinities and use the theory anyway. As Paul Dirac, who was one of the physicists who published quantum equations before Schrödinger, said, "Sensible mathematics involves neglecting a quantity when it turns out to be small - not neglecting it just because it is infinitely great and you do not want it!".

Pregnancy Category D

There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigation or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

What does PE and KE have in common?

They are both related to motion

Which of the following best identifies the purpose of elections in the United States?

They are held infrequently

Who are cabinet ministers

They are people in the executive and they each have different jobs or departments

How many terms can a representative and senator serve?

They are unlimited

What are some requirements to be state senator?

They must live in the district they want to represent, at least 25 years old, a U.S. citizen

Who does the Executive branch represent

They represent the constituency or the voters

Which of the following is most accurate regarding delegates that attend national party conventions?

They tend to be wealthier and more educated than the typical American

What caused the split in the labour party

They thought Dr Evatt had a communist leading

Construction Line

Thin lines that serve as guides while sketching or drawing.

A school district deciding to drop their baseball program knowing that many little league programs exist to take up slack would best exemplify

Third-Order devolution

Isis knot (not a god)

This amulet is called the 'Isis knot' and is a symbol of protection.

Articals of Confederation

This document, the nation's first constitution, was adoptd by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because the states held most of the power, and the Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage.

What are the police powers?

Those powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment

How did Canada gain its independence from England (Great Britain)?

Through peaceful negotiations over time

Neap tides

Tides that occur when the Moon is midway between new and full, in either direction. Tides due to the Sun and the Moon partly cancel, making the high tides lower than average and the low tides higher than average.

Secretary of Treasury

Timothy Geithner

Annotate

To add explanatory notes to.

Sein

To be

Heißen (Infinitive)

To call

Sammeln

To collect

Kommen

To come

Kochen

To cook

Kosten

To cost

Fahren

To drive

Evaluating a logarithm

To evaluate a logarithmic function, determine what exponent the base must be taken to in order to yield the number. Sometimes the exponent will not be a whole number. If this is the case, consult a logarithm table or use a calculator.

Finden

To find

Angeln

To fish

Evaluate

To form an idea of the amount of value of; assess.

Malfunction

To function imperfectly or badly.

Gehen

To go

Haben

To have

Wandern

To hike

Visualize

To imagine the visual form of an object or situation that one cannot see.

One of the roles of the high court.

To interpret the constitution

Hören

To listen

Investigate

To observe or study by close examination and systematic inquiry.

Malen

To paint

Spielen

To play

To support a larger republican government over a smaller one

Schwimmen

To swim

Freunde besuchen

To visit friends

Fernsehen schauen

To watch TV

Tragen

To wear

Kansas

Topeka

What is a society in which ultimate power resides in a single leader who rues according to self-interest and without regard for the rights and liberties of individuals called?

Totalitarianism

Linkage Institution

Transmit Americans' preferneces to the policymakers in the government.

What is trigonometry?

Trigonometry began as the computational component of geometry. For instance, one statement of plane geometry states is that a triangle is determined by a side and two angles. In other words, given one side of a triangle and two angles in the triangle, then the other two sides and the remaining angle are determined. Trigonometry includes the methods for computing those other two sides. The remaining angle is easy to find since the sum of the three angles equals 180 degrees (usually written 180°).

Theodore Roosevelt

US President who built the Panama Canal. Expanded America's role in the world.

Abraham Lincoln

US President who kept the Union together during the Civil War

Joseph McCarthy

US Senator during the Cold War when Americans feared Communism. He led Senate hearings during the 1950's against many Americans suspected of being members of the Communist Party.

Margaret Mitchell

US author who wrote the novel, Gone With the Wind, about the Civil War

Which of the following best describes the system of government found in Great Britain?

Unitary

disadvantages of globalization (political)

Unwanted external influence difficult to keep out

Dimension Constraint

Used to describe the size and location of individual geometric shapes.

Which of the following is considered by some historians as the "fourth author" of the Federalist Papers?

Washington

Why is the US Canada's biggest trading partner?

We share a border 3,000 miles long

Public Opinion

What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time Ex: wars that are going on, ethnicity clash, etc.

Concurrency

When 3 or more lines intersect at one point

Which amendment deals with 2 terms

Rosie the Riveter

Woman on poster during WWII. Cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II

This group now represents a majority of the electorate because they are a majority of the population

Women

Canadian Shield

Wrapped around Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape, hills worn by erosion and hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers, Holds some of the oldest rock formations in North America

10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1 = 10! Can this be true?! Why or why not?

Yes!!! The expression "x!" means x(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)...1 So 10! means 10(10-1)(10-2)(10-3)(10-4)(10-5)(10-6)(10-7)(10-8)(10-9)= 10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1=10!, which means it is correct.

Canadian Shield

a U-shaped region of ancient rock that curves around the Hudson Bay

embargo

a government order preventing trade with another country

mountain system

a group of mountain ranges

Bicameral

a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

passage

a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas of water

quota

a limit placed on the quantities of a product that can be imported

Rocky Mountains

a major mountain system of the United States and Canada, extending 3,000 miles from Alaska south to New Mexico.

medina

a man sent to kill cortez but was killed by cortez's bro in-law

Schedule V

a medically useful category of drugs that have less potential for abuse or addiction than those of Schedules I through IV. Included are antidiarrheals and antitussives with opioid derivatives

Conjecture

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

dune

a mound or ridge of windblown sand

Daoism

a philosophy that teaches that the key to long life and happiness is to accept life as it is

oasis

a place in the desert where there is a source of water and desert plants

cape

a point of land that extends into the sea or ocean

Trinomial

a polynomial expression that that has 3 terms. Ex. 4x^3-2x^2+7

feudalism

a social system in which a king divides his land among several nobles; peasants worked the land and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return

What are the environmental concerns of Canada?

acid rain, regulating mining, and conserving timber

americum

quantity supplied

amount that producers bring to the market at any given price

senatorial courtesy

amounts to an unwritten rule that is closely followed in the senate

Status offense

an act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult

Federalist

an advocate of federalism

traditional economy

an economy in which people exchange goods and services

small business administration

an independent agency of the United States government that protects the interests of small businesses and ensures that they receive a fair share of government contracts

antimony

drug

any chemical affecting the process of living organism

trade barriers

any restriction that makes trade difficult or impossible

Court of Appelas

appellate jurisdiction

astatine

rule by one or a group not accountable to people

authoritarianism means

Jurisdiction

authority of a court to hear and settle disputes

Tenochiltlan

aztec capital largest city or thw worl od the time - same as Mexico City

veins that drain the thoracic cavity

azygos vein hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos

1. When the council has approved the budget, the mayor must ensure that the city's money is spent properly. a. Weak-Mayor Plan b. Strong-Mayor Plan

b. Strong-Mayor Plan

10. In more recent times, most city governments using the mayor-council system have tried to become more efficient by following this plan. a. Weak-Mayor Plan b. Strong-Mayor Plan

b. Strong-Mayor Plan

3. This plan often results in conflicts between the mayor and the council. a. Strong-Mayor Plan b. Weak-Mayor Plan

b. Weak-Mayor Plan

9. Some cities developed this plan because they remembered British governors who had abused their powers. a. Strong-Mayor Plan b. Weak-Mayor Plan

b. Weak-Mayor Plan

What was the referendum held in 1950/1954 about

banning the communist party

sen

brother

Governor

chief executive officer of the state

Troy

city state in Asia Minor

Troy

city state located on Asia Minor

Magistrate court

civil cases with values under $15,000

shape public policy

example how the gov gudies the community

home land security,department of defense,fbi,cia,local police

examples how the gov provides security

postal service,library,park, school

examples how the gov provides services

provides laws regulatory agencies

examples of how the gov keeps orders

rule of law

holds that government and its offices are always subject to obey law

holmium

Delphi

holy city built to honor Apollo

share cropping

landowners provided land, a house, farming tools, and animals, seed, and fertilizer. The workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest.

lanthanum

what is Americas most rapidly growing electoral block or group modern campaign weapons, and how they changed politics?

latinos then blacks

1906

law passed in GA to set up juvenile courts

ex post facto law

law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

lawrencium

lead

light colored Europeans

legend says that these people great treasure. In reality they were Europeans who were shipwrecked when Cortez men found them in the forest

mass

mass is the amount of matter that something is made of. Mass is not how much an object weights. Mass is measured using a balance, and the unit for mass is the gram.

fort san juan

maze of moats, ramparts, drawbridges

Margin of Error

measure of accuracy of a public opinion poll Ex: brain surgery, opinion polls

formal hearing

no jury, just the judge - step three juvenile

circumflex branch

not everyone has this branch supplies: left atrium left ventricle interventricular septum

Founding Fathers

patriots who laid the groundwork for the US

examples of investing in human capital

paying for college, pay raise, training classes, company car, offering health insurance, etc

full faith and credit

constitution's requirement that each State accept the public act, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state (Article IV, Section 1)

Tracking Polls

continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support Ex: Kaiser Health Tracking Poll, Rasmussen's presidential tracking poll

interstate compacts

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multi-state policy concerns

alcoholic fermentation

converts pyruvic acid into ehtyl alcohol

copper

bronze

copper + tin

The Iliad

epic poem about the Trojan War

curium

electron cloud model

current model of an atom

judiciary committee

deals with state laws and courts

Ways and Means committee

deals with taxes

appropriations committee

deals with the budget

nullify

declare invalid.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.

density

density if the amount of matter in a given space. it can also be expressed as the amount of mass per unit volume. the standard unit is glcm3 or g?ml (which is solid? liqiud?) to find density, divide an object's mass by its volume.

rule by the people

deomocracy means

drug inject muscular tissue, only barrier to absorption is the capillary wall......can administer poorly soluble drug..depot preparations,,absorbed slowly decreasing frequency...discomfort and inconvenience

drug injected into adipose tissue ,less blood flow

enteral

drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa, the small intestine

hepatotoxicity

drugs are the leading cause of acute liver failure, combing hepatotoxic drugs with certain other drugs may cause the risk of liver damage....lipid lower drugs..oral hypoglycemic, anti-seizure drugs, anitfungals, anti tubercular, immune suppressants, antiretovirals, acetaminophen and alcohol

classification

drugs may be classified in a number of different ways. Typically the classification provide information about the chemical nature, pharmacologic action, or pharmacotherapeutic use of drugs

teratogenic effect

drugs that cause abnormal fetal development when give to pregnant women

cardiotoxcity

drugs that interfere with electrical conduction or mechanical function of the heart

carcinogenic effect

drugs used to treat cancer have the greatest carcinogenic potential

dysporsium

checks and balances

each brach of government is given some authority over the other branches. no one branch is more powerful than the other branches.

checks and balances

each branch is subject to a number of constitutional checks (restraints) by the other branches

executive

enforces laws

synergistic effect

combination of two drugs producing a pharmacological effect that is greater than the sum of the two drugs.

antagonist effect

combined effect is less than the effect produced by the active drug alone, second drug eliminates or diminishes activity of the first drug

palliative care

comfort measure...treat symptoms not diseases

What type of economy does Cuba have? Most autocratic governments have this type of economy...

command economy

framcium

examples of capital goods

factories, buildings, machinery

Grand Jury

group of peers who decide if there is enough evidence to charge a person with a crime (before a jury trial)

woodland: type of shelter

families band together to form tribes. lived in villages and build hunts. 200-300 people lived together.

Aesop

famous fable writer

Liberal

favoring gradual reform, especially political reforms that extend democracy, distribute wealth more evenly, and protect the personal freedom of the individual Ex: political leaders, reformers

fermium

grants in aid program

financial aid granted by one goverment to another with the funds available subject to certain conditions and to be used for certain purposes (example: by the National government to the States)

conference committee

find compromises on bills between the house and the senate

bill of rights

first 10 amendments

Fulton county

first juvenile court in GA

original jurisdiction

first to hear a case

Two reasons the liberal (menzies) government appealed to people

had a tough stance on communism and offered the pople prosperity

disfranchised

have your voting rights taken away.

Mount Olympus

home of the gods

routes

how the drug is given..oral parenteral, topical

woodland: food sources

hunted for food, fish, gather nuts, grew squash, wild greens, and used pottery to cooked.

hydrogen

iatrogenic disease

iatros-physicaian...genic-to produce...it is a disease produced by a physician or by treatment. renal toxicity with aminoglycosides, blood dyscrasias with chemotherapy

precautions

includes disease states or clinical situation when drug use involves risk or in which drug dosage modification is required

in what order do the three stages of production occur?

increasing returns, diminishing returns, negative returns

liver damage symptoms

jaundice, dark urine, light colored stools, N/V, malaise, abnormal discomfort, loss of appetite

nebwt

ladies

nebt

lady

basin

land drained by a river

Senate has the power to approve all treaties

legislative

Senate has the power to try all impeachments

legislative

congress can override veto by 2/3

legislative

congress has power to declare war

legislative

senate has power to approve presidents nominations

legislative

Clayton antitrust act of 1914

lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices that were objectable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts, and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor unions

legislative

makes laws

legislative branch

makes the laws

man

manganese

right coronary artery branches

marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch

meitnerium

mendelevium

mercury

Hermes

messenger god

electron

negative -

neodymium

neon

neptunium

nickel

niobium

nitrogen

neutron

no charge 0

not a right of juvenile's

no jury (just a judge)

carpetbagger

northerners who moved south after the war; carried all their possessions in a bag made of carpet.

most mass in atom

nucleus

2/3 vote

number of General Assembly members who must vote to override a veto

Majority vote

number of General Assembly members who must vote to pass a bill on to the governor

proportional representation

number of reprensentatives to congress based on the state's population.

Seven

number of supreme court judges

representative government

people elect government leaders to make the laws and govern on their be

representative government

people elect government leaders to make the laws and govern on their behalf

represenative democracy/democratic/constitutional republic

people elect others to represent them in the decsions of governemnt with power limited by law

delegates

people who represent their states .

abolitionists

people who wanted to do away with slavery.

mulattoes

people with both African and European ancestry

Anti-Federalists

opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states

Balanced force

opposing forces that are pulling or pushing against each other equally.

Trial courts

original jurisdiction - five courts

osmium

when the number of workers hired is so great that the workers begin to get into eachothers way,

output doubles

oxygen

palladium

judicial powers of governor

pardons / appoint judges

privileges and immunities clause

part of article IV guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

extradition clause

part of article IV that requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

liberals and what they value and believe?

part of the democratic party mostly and supports political and social reform (changes for better) extensive government intervention in the economy, the expansion of federal social services, more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities and woman, and great concern on the consumer and environment.

Standing committees

permanent committees

Prosecution

person against the defendant

Defendant

person on trial (the accused)

Juvenile

person under 18 with separate laws than adults

mestizos

persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry

Socrates

philosopher who taught the question & answer method

phosphorous

steady state

physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose, After about 5 half lives, steady state is achieved. Once an individual reached steady state they have consistent levels of drugs in the body that correspond to maximum therapeutic benefits. Drugs with a short half-life require more frequent dosing

reconstruction

plan to rebuild the south and restore the southern states to the union as quickly and easily as possible.

platinum

plutonium

Exit Polls

polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day - ex: news organizations Ex: private companies working for newspapers or broadcasters

Push Polls

polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate Ex: John McCain and Bush in 2000, health care

statutory officials

position not created by the constitution but needed to support the executive departments

potassium

concurrent powers

powers held by the national Government and the states in the federal system

Implied Powers

powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Formal powers

powers of the Governor described by the constitution

concurrent powers

powers shared by the national and state governments

praesodymium

constitution

preamble articles amendments

Lieutenant Governor

presides over the senate, 2nd in line behind the governor

sales taxes

primary state tax revenue

anaerobic

process that does not require the presence of oxygen

promethium

protactinium

3 parts of an atom

proton neutron electron

nucleus

protons + and neutrons 0

Pardon

release from punishment

Committees

review bills to become laws

appellate jurisdiction

review cases of lower courts

rhenium

rhodium

rubidium

oligrachy

rule by a few

aristocracy

rule by a upper class

theocracy

rule by religion

stable environment

same number of protons+ and electrons-.

legislators

serve 2 year terms, no limit on terms

Buckley v. Valeo

set limits on campaign contributions, but ruled that spending money to influence elections is a form of constitutionally protected free speech, and struck down portions of the law. The court also stated candidates can give unlimited amounts of money to their own campaigns.

articles

seven numbered sections

the vision

the aztecs believed that this was a signal delivered to them by the gods and it was meant to signify where they would build their capital

Centroid

the center of mass of an object of uniform density

fermentation

the combination of glycolysis and additional pathways, which regenerate NAD+

tin

titanium

infanticida

to abandon a weak or sick baby

unconstitutional

to declare illegal, null and void, of no force or effect

blockade

to obstruct or block access.

Felony

very serious crime (like murder)

first settlement

villa de la vera cruz ( village of the true cross)

volume

volume is the amount of space that something occupies. volume of a liguid is expressed in lister using a graduated cylander.

kilocalories

what energy is often measure by

set

woman

Interim committee

works between sessions

Aristophanes

writer of satire

Sophocles

writer of tragedy

xenon

multiplication

divition

Alpha

Beta

Eta

Theta

Iota

Kappa

Lambda

Omicron

Rho

Sigma

Tau

Upsilon

Phi

Chi

eta

theta

iota

kappa

pie

rho

sigma

tau

upsilon

↑

right

→

down

↓

right and left

↔

subraction

−

square root

√

infinity

∞

power to

∧

similar

∼

about

≈

does not equal

≠

greater than or equal to

≤

less than or equal to

≥

Mississippian: tools or weapons

stones, bone hoes, digging sticks, bow and arrow.

Best synonym for PE

stored energy

myth

stories that explain or teach a lesson; often based on fact

The Odyssey

story of the adventures of Odysseus home from Troy

public works

structures built by the government for use by all its citizens

Which landform covers over half of Brazil?

the Amazon Rainforest

secession

the act of pulling out of the Union.

Great Compromise

the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population).

Joggen

To jog

Wohnen

To live

Machen

To make/do

Revolve

To move in a circle about a central axis.

A three-headed dog that guarded the underworld.

Cerberus

Specification

A detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.

republic

A form of governemnt in which sovereign power rest with the people, rather than with a king or monarch.

Sensor

A device that detects some important physical quality or quantity about the surrounding environment, and conveys the information to the robot in electronic form.

Feature

A distinctive attribute or aspect.

Maquiladora

A factory in the Mexican border region that assembles goods and imported duty-free into Mexico for exports. In Spanish it means "twin plant."

Indo-Ganges Plain

A flat plain in India that is next to the Indus and Ganges river.

Plane

A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie.

Parallel

Lines, planes, or surfaces side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.

Representative Democracy

A form of government in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies; may retain the monarchy in a ceremonial role.

Parliamentary Government

A form of government in which the executive branch is made up of the prime minister, or premier, and that official's cabinet

(31) Civil Service System under the Tang

-stressed the confucian classics -govt. probably wanted to instill the "ruler to ruled" ideology that seamed to have been lost with the popularity of Buddhism -Broken down into 3 main branches: Chancellery, Secretariat, and Department of State Affairs

(34) Censorate

-the "watchdog", or "CIA" -ran govt. as a whole

(1) Ethnocentric

-the belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnic group or culture

(13) Civil Service System Under the Han

-to join the civil service system, you had to pass a test based on the confuciun classics

authoritarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator.

Paleo

-very old when- 10,000-8,000 BC other info. earliest know culture. they lived in the paleolithic (old stone) age. Nomadic hunters.

(11) Han Capital

-was at Chang-an (Now called Xian)

(35) Tang Agriculture

-water control project for better irrigation for more rice -developed quick ripening rice (Two harvests per year) -Tea was a new crop -peasants had more work but had a chance to raise surplus

The final decision regarding the president's power to veto legislation involved a 2/3 override. What did the Framers refer to this as?

...

The framework for debate at the Constitutional Convention was not the Articles of Confederation. What was it?

...

The term used as a reference to the minimum number needed to conduct official business at a meeting is

...

Which of the following best characterizes the main difference between pluralist and democratic theorists?

...

describe in detail the eras of party alignment and critical elections?

...

evolution of public opinion, why does government concern themselves with public opinion?

...

what are some of the ways that states discriminated/manipulated votes?

...

√(1)

√3:(1)

What happened in the vision

1 the Island - on the island was a lake ---- an eagle swooped down on the lake and in its leg was a snake. This was the sign to build the capital

Shivercrat

A follower of Governor Allan Shiver of Texas (1949-1957). Shivercrats split their votes between conservatives Democrats for the state office and Republicans for the U.S. Presidency.

democracy

A form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people.

Totalitarian regime

A form of government that controls all aspects of the political and social life of a nation.

Isometric

A form of pictorial drawing in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.

Perspective Drawing

A form of pictorial drawing in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye.

Unbalanced force

A force that is not opposed by an equal and opposite force operating directly against the force intended to cause a change in the object's state of motion or rest.

greater than

Edit

A change or correction made as a result of editing.

Policy Gridlock

A condition when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy.

Addition

(49) Second Song Capitol

-Hangzhou (Huangzhou)

Presidential Democracy

A democratic form of government in which the chief executive is chosen by separate election, serves a fixed term, and has powers carefully separated from those of the other branches of government.

Creole

A descendant of European Spanish immigrants to the Americas.

Specification

A detailed description of the design and materials used to make something

Committee abilities with bills

1) recommend - 2) not recommend - 3) hold bill

demi-god

1/2 god & 1/2 human

Arkansas

Little Rock

Which of the following best describes how federal, states, and local governments worked together in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina?

Each level of government worked independently with no real attempt to cooperate with either of the other levels of government

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII

Department of Vet Affairs

Eric Shinseki

Ares

God of war

White House Chief of Staff

Jack Lew

Xerxes

Persian leader who attacked Greece by sea

Limitation

Some factor that restricts the scope of activity or accomplishment.

Input

Something put into a system, such as resources, in order to achieve a result.

What act led to the famous cry of "no taxation without representation"?

Stamp Act of 1765

Part 4: The rise of Caesar

When the victorious Pompey returned to Rome, he formed an uneasy alliance known as the First Triumvirate with the wealthy Marcus Licinius Crassus (who suppressed a slave rebellion led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.) and another rising star in Roman politics: Gaius Julius Caesar. After earning military glory in Spain, Caesar returned to Rome to vie for the consulship in 59 B.C. From his alliance with Pompey and Crassus, Caesar received the governorship of three wealthy provinces in Gaul beginning in 58 B.C.; he then set about conquering the rest of the region for Rome. After Pompey's wife Julia (Caesar's daughter) died in 54 B.C., and Crassus was killed in battle against Parthia (present-day Iran) the following year, the triumvirate was broken. With old-style Roman politics in disorder, Pompey stepped in as sole consul in 53 B.C. Caesar's military glory in Gaul and his increasing wealth had eclipsed Pompey's, and the latter teamed with his Senate allies to steadily undermine Caesar. In 49 B.C., Caesar and one of his legions crossed the Rubicon, a river on the border between Italy from Cisalpine Gaul. Caesar's invasion of Italy ignited a civil war from which he emerged as dictator of Rome for life in 45 B.C.

The rise of Caesar

what is majority rule?

a type of electoral system in which to win a seat the party needs the majority vote (over 50%) of all the votes.

what is plurality rule?

a type of electoral system where the victory goes to the candidate with the most votes but not the majority necessarily. For ex. if there 3 candidates and one get 34% and the other 2 get 33% the 34% one wins.

sand sea

a vast region covered by sand and dunes

Sound bite

a very short comment or phrase intended or suitable for broadcasting in a news program, especially one by a politician.

Veto

a vote that blocks a decision

4. The mayor appoints most of the city officials and can dismiss them if they do not do a good job. a. Strong-Mayor Plan b. Weak-Mayor Plan

a. Strong-Mayor Plan

6. The mayor can veto bills passed by the council and must draw up the city budget. a. Strong-Mayor Plan b. Weak-Mayor Plan

a. Strong-Mayor Plan

7. The mayor has chief responsibility for running the city's government. a. Strong-Mayor Plan b. Weak-Mayor Plan

a. Strong-Mayor Plan

1. The council appoints the heads of city departments who report directly to the city council. a. Weak-Mayor Plan b. Strong-Mayor Plan

a. Weak-Mayor Plan

5. The mayor must obtain the consent of the council before spending money or taking other actions. a. Weak-Mayor Plan b. Strong-Mayor Plan

a. Weak-Mayor Plan

8. The city council holds more power than the mayor. a. Weak-Mayor Plan b. Strong-Mayor Plan

a. Weak-Mayor Plan

direct democracy

all citizens vote to determine all issues

rule of law

all people including those who govern, are bound by the law

the elastic clause

allows congress to decide what law can be made and what they cannot

anarchy

belief that the best governemnt is no governemnt

States' Rights

believing the state's interests take precedence over the national government.

berkelium

berylium

Civil Law

between two citizens

bismuth

acessoryhemiazygos

drains superior left half of body wall crosses at T8

boron

impeach

bring charges against a public official while that person is still in office.

Special committees

certain task/end when they are done

cesium

formal amendment

changes or additions that become part of the written language of the constitution itself

cobalt

Political Ideology

coherent set of values and beliefs about purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals Ex: conservative, liberal, nation, sect of religion, theorists

What form of government was feared by many australians

communist party

Olympic Games

competition between Greek city-states that grew into the Olympics

Grievances

complaints

cellular respiration

complex process in which cells make adenosine triphosphate by breaking down organic compounds

Random-digit dialing surveys

computer randomly selects telephone #s to dial - ex: telephone polls, the press

Turkey

country once called Asia Minor

enteric coated

covered with material so the drug dissolves in the intestines protects drugs stomach acid. protects stomach from irritation drugs

executive agencies

created by the state constitution to carry out the executive function of state departments (carry out laws)

his armies

created missions throughout Africa to convert the Mexicans to christianity, but it did not work. (failed)

chemical name

describes a drug chemical composition and molecular structure

GA Courts

determine constitutionality of GA laws

physical dependence

develops with long term use of certain drugs such as opioid, alcohol, barbiturates, and amphetamines. If drug is discontinued the body will exhibit abstinence syndrome

Totalitarianism

dictator has total control of the people uses army, police and secret street police to tell people what to do to prevent resistance

autocracy

dictator-Monarch oldest form of government uses extreme military force to get and stay in power

spaniards brought

disease killed the indians slaves that were brought in to do work

which product is likely to have the most elastic supply curve?

dishwashing machines

azygos vein

drains the entire right half of posterior body wall empties into superior vena cava

onset of action

the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response( time the drug starts working)

federalism

division of powers between states and the national government

English Bill of Rights

document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament

Northwest Ordinance

document that set up government in NW Territory and added 5 new states

constitution

document that sets out the laws and principles of a government.

hemiazygos vein

drains inferior left half of body wall crosses at T9

einsteinium

woodland: religion

elaborated religious ceremonies. build cone shape burial mounds. Buried people and had funerals.

how is president elected

electoral college system

takes up most space in atom

electron cloud

electrons -

Altitude

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

erbium

Gitlow v. People of New York (1925)

established selective incorporation of the Bill of rights; states cannot deny freedom of speech; protected through the 14th amendment

generic name

everyday, official (nonproprietary) name given to a drug by manufacturer who first develops the drug. longer and more complicated than the trade name.....ibuprofen, acetaminophen, digoxin

governemnt

is the ruling authority for a community

president has power to grant pardons

executive

president has power to nominate supreme court justice

executive

president has the power to sign a bill to a law

executive

rule

exercise authority over

Crete

island off the coast of Greece; home of the first civilization

advantages of globalization (cultural)

exposure to other cultures

flurine

What are some of Canada's natural resources?

forests, fresh water, minerals like gold, nickel, silver, and copper

republic

form of government where all the power is give to the people.

Interstate compact

formal agreement between or among states, authorized by the constitution

freedmen

former slaves.

Plato

founder of The Academy

Hercules

god of strength and archery

Poseidon

god of the sea

Hades

god of the underworld

Nike

god of victory

Ares

god of war

Demeter

goddess of growing things

Hestia

goddess of hearth and home

Aphrodite

goddess of love and beauty

Artemis

goddess of the hunt

Athena

goddess of wisdom and war

gold

moderate

good presidential candidates are:

the ruling authroity for a community

governemnt

limited governemnt

governemnt is not all powerful it may do only those things taht the pople have given it power to do

Democracy

government in which citizens get to participate by voting

Parliamentary Democracy

government in which voters elect representatives to a legislature (parliament) which chooses a leader (prime minister) to head the government

constitutionalism

government must be conducted according to the constitutional principles

valasquez

governor of Cuba

categorical grant

grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose

Mississippian: food sources

grew most of their food. planted in hills. Started crop rotation- process in which crops are moved to different locations so that the soiled is keep fertile.

President of the Senate

has no vote, appoint committee members and assign bills to committees

hassium

judicial

interprets laws

Perpendicular

intersecting at or forming right angles

What were two areas in which the Ben Chiefley government wanted to take control

introduction of welfare and control of rents and prices

iodine

iridium

the supply curve is

irregular

Mexico's government

is a federal republic, led by a president elected by the people

sentencing

judge decides punishment - step four juvenile

has the power to rule bills, laws, and treaties unconstitutional

judicial

the judicial power is vested in one supremes court, and other courts may pass cases up to supreme court

judicial

transnational corporations (TNCs)

key player in global issues: Nike, Apple, Toyota, and many other _____ have gained increasing power in recent years to affect global issues. Many critics complain that, due to their economic strength and global net- works, _____ exercise too much power.

countries (IGO's)

key player in global issues: their efforts to solve these various global issues. Often, __________ get together and form international governmental organizations (IGOs). The logic is that by cooperating through an IGO—like the United Nations, the World Bank, or the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)— countries are better equipped to achieve a common goal, like preventing war or alleviating poverty, that they could not accomplish on their own.

nongovernmental (NGO's)

key player in global issues: working on global issues are part of what is called civil society. For instance, in recent decades there has been a dramatic increase in ____ seeking to make the world a better place (____ are sometimes referred to as international nongovernmental organi- zations [INGOs]). ____ , as their name implies, work outside the govern- ment and comprise individual citizens working together on one or more problems. There are many very well known _____ working on global issues: the Red Cross, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, World Vision, and Doctors Without Borders are just a few of the thousands that exist. Because these _____ are often made up of highly motivated people in the middle of a war or refugee camp, they can often achieve results that countries cannot. _____ have become extremely active on all of the issues discussed in this book, and often cooperate with ____ and individual countries.

filial piety

kind treatment of and respect for parents

Paleo: tools or weapons

knives, scrapes, points for spears, blow dart gun, and atl atl- spear throwing tool sort of a sling shot that shoots spear heads.

Barron V. Baltimore

the supreme court ruled that the due process of the 5th amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of congress alone

Archaic: type of shelter

live in camps that smaller groups made. they moved in the fall were there was nuts and berries, during summer to good fishing locations. 20-30 living together would be call a bond.

Paleo: type of shelter

live in groups of 25-50 people. not a lot of artifacts in one area since they move a lot. travel around Savannah, Ocmulgee, and Flint river area.

Mississippian: type of shelter

lived in villages, farm and were very religious. several thousand families lived together in large groups called settlement.

2nd property-log a b-loga c=log a (b/c)

log3 1/9-log3 81=-6 Because 1/9*1/81=1/729 and log3 1/729 is -6.

4th property-log b a= log c a/log c b

log3 729=6 Because 3^6 is 729.

nebw

lords

topical

lotions, trans dermal patches, ophthalmic and otic drops

merw

love

philosopher

lover of wisdom

lutetium

what are the Alien and Sedation acts (in book)?

made it a crime to say or publish anything that might defame or bring disfavor to the U.S government

7th amendment

made senators directly elected by the people

magnesium

Inertia

the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.

Tenochitlan

mexican city

molybdenum

oligarchy

more than one dictator rules

power of congress

most important one is to declare war

exclusive powers

most of the delegated powers; those held by the national Government alone in the federal system

progressive federalism

movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as environment and consumer protection

general assembly

name of Georgia's legislature as of the1789 consitution.

unfunded mandates

national laws that direct state or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations but contain little or no federal funding to defray the cost of meeting the requirements

qualifications for being president

natural born citizen 35 years old live in the us for more than 14 years

What are the 4 main factors that influcence economic growth in a country?

natural reources, human resouces, capital resources, and business owners

Liver function test LFT

obtained as a baseline and periodically 3 months throughout therapy

Concurrent

occurring or operating at the same time, Simultaneous

prototype

often the first drug developed in a particular class that can be used to present other drugs

labor

often thought of as the variable factor of production

What is Venezuela's most valuable natural resource?

oil

cortes arrived

on the gulf of mexico in 1519

block grant

one type of federal grants-in-aid;monies are to be used in some particular but broadly defined are of public policy (example is education or highways)

3rd level

only 18 electrons

1st level

only 2 electrons

2nd level

only 8 electrons

what is the term for redrawing boundary lines tin order to increase minority representation?

racial gerrymandering

radium

radon

first-pass effect

rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs

incompatibilities

reaction occurs when two parenteral drugs or solutions are mixed together, resulting in chemical deterioration of the least one of the drugs

separation of powers

responsibilities for government is divided among the 3 branches of government.

peak effect

the time it takes for a drug to reach maximum therapeutic response in the body ( the time the drug is doing the best it can)

full faith and credit clause

section of article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

legislative powers of governor

sign bills / veto bills / call special sessions

silicon

contraindication

situations when drug use should be avoided or alternative strongly considered. Most drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. May be absolute (allergy) or relative.

Archaic: food source

small game such as deer, bear, turkey also ate fish, shellfish and clans.

atom

smallest part of all mater

What type of environmental issue is found in Mexico City?

smog

What one word was used by the conservative side of politics to describe Ben chiefleys policies

socialist

sodium

what is the term for contribution to state party used to get out the vote and registration effort?

soft money

Framer

someone who writes a new law or plan

Equidistant

the same distance apart at every point

rights of juvenile

speedy trial, notify of charges, fifth amendment, right to attorney, right to question witnesses, right to have parents present at hearing

diminishing returns

stage where output increases at a decreasing rate as more units of a variable are added

State court

state issues only (not county)

Monarchy

state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen

political platform

statement of the principles and policies a political party supports.

appeal

step five juvenile

liquids

syrups, elixirs, suspensions, powers, capsules, tablets

legalism

system of governing that requires strict following of laws along with rewards for following them and harsh punishments for breaking them

Intake

taken into custody (not arrested) - step one juvenile

tantalum

graduated tax

tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels

tariff

tax on imported goods

Parthenon

temple built to Athena

provisional

temporary

tenant farming

tenants usually owned some agricultural equipment and farm animals. at the end of the year, they either paid the landowner a set amount of cash or an agreed-upon share.

coefficient

the constant term that are multiplying the variable terms.

federalism

the division of power among a central government and several regional governments

Separation of Powers

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

Democracy

the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group

conscription

the drafting of men to serve in the army.

10th amendment

the final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American Federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national govts are reserved to the states or to the people

dictatorship/totaltarianism/autocracy

the governemnt has almost full control over the peoples life-power taken by force

Confucianism

the idea of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, that the relationship between an emperor and citizens should be like that of a father and child

meritocracy

the idea that jobs should be given to individuals according to their merit; advancement in such a system is based on demonstrating one's intelligence and skill, usually measured through examination

cooperative federalism

the intertwined relationship between the national, state and local governments that began with the new deal

human captial

the knowledge and skill that people obtain from education, on- the- job training, and work experience.

duration of action

the length of time that a drug concentration in the blood or tissue is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response

the period of production that allows producers to change the amounts of all inputs is

the long run

New deal

the name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery," begun by FDR in 1933 to bring the US out of the Great Depression

confederation

the national government derives all its power from the states

the stages of production are based on

the way marginal product changes as variable inputs are added

over several decades, America has substantially reduced the rate of taxation paid by whom?

the wealthiest citizens

Why do 90% of Canadians live within 200 miles of the US border?

the weather is warmer and most of the large cities and jobs are close to the border.

what level of society did the ben Chiefley government want to protect?

the working class

Why is the Canadian Shield so important to Canada's economy?

there are many valuable mineral deposits there to sell to other countries or to fuel industry in Canada

review the progressive reforms - how they weakened parties?

they were against fraud and corruption. They believed that the type of politics practiced in large cities was corrupt since they organized immigrant and ethnic populations so they opposed those parties.

ten

this (fem)

pen

this (masc)

nursing consideration

this relates the nursing process to the medication

thorium

Expressed powers

those delegated powers of the National Government that are given to it in so many words by the Contitution; also sometimes called the "enumerated powers"

Inherent powers

those delegated powers of the National Government that belong to it because it is the national government of a sovereign state

Implied powers

those delegated powers of the national Government inferred from the expressed powers; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers

Delegated powers

those powers (expressed, implied, inherent) granted to the National Government by the Constitution

reserved powers

those powers held by the states in the american federal system

anti-federalists

those who do NOT support a strong central government.

federalists

those who support a strong central government.

aztecs

thought that cortez and his men were gods (cortez was considered to be the lightning god)

power of a product property

to find a power of a product, find the power of each factor and MULTIPLY. Ex (a*b)^m=a^m*b^m

power of a quotient property

to find a power of a quotient, find the power of the numerator and the power of the denominator and divide. Ex {A/b}^m=a^m/b^m, b notequal to 0

Gauge

to form a judgment of something uncertain or variable, especially somebody's behavior, feelings, or abilities Ex: try to gauge his mood before raising the proposal

compromise

to give ground, come to an agreement.

oral

two barriers to absorption, GI tract epithelial and capillary walls ...easy convenient....variability, inactivation, patient must be able to swallow, local irritation

nebty

two ladies

nebwy

two lords

side effects

unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses..drowsiness with antihistamines..predictable and intensity is dose dependent

idiosyncratic effect

uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition. Occurs the first time a drug is given

The Huge Set of Knowledge

संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Processing Radiographs and Quality Assurance Final

art exam 2

International Marketing

CA/CM II PULMO

Substance Use and Misuse

Purchasing and Buyer Chapter 11 (Exam 3)

MGMT 304 Ch 10

Sanitation

Fundies ATI practice A

EGEE Midterm Exam 1 Review

Intro to busg- 129 {ch.11}

Final Exam-Astro

Individual Retirement Plans

BUS 343 - Chapter 8,4

VTT-232 Rabbit quiz

MG CH 1-4 Exames

FINN 3120 Chapter 1 - Essentials of Corporate Finance

Everfi

MGMT Exam 1 (ch.1,2,5,6)

MIST Quiz 2