The knee joint

What are the three bones that make up the knee joint?

Femur, patella and tibia

The menisci of the knee are both ___________.

Fibrocsrtilagenous

What movements occur at the knee joint?

Flexion /extension

The LCL of the knee joint runs from the _________ of the femur to the _______.

Lateral epicondyle, fibular head

What knee injury occurs in deep squats?

Lateral meniscus tear

In NON-WEIGHT BEARING the tibia _________ rotates on the femur.

Laterally

The medial condyle of the femur is _________ than the lateral condyle due to the _________ surface of the medial meniscus.

Longer, larger

What are the two pads that sit on the tibial plateau of the tibia?

Medial and lateral miniscus

A tremendous force to the lateral condyle of the femur can result in which ligaments to tear?

Medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament.

What ligaments are effected in an unhappy triad?

Medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus.

What are the four main ligaments of the knee?

Medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament.

The PCL attatches to the _____________ femoral condyles _______ surface.

Medial, lateral

The medial collateral ligament of the knee joint attaches to the ________ femoral epicondyle proximally and the __________ distally.

Medial, medial surface of the tibia

In WEIGHT-BEARING the freely movable femur rotates _______ on the relatively fixed tibia during the last 20-30 degrees of flexion.

Medially

What muscle assists in the screw home mechanism?

Muscle popliteus

At what degrees does the screw home mechanism take place?

O-20 degrees.

What is the acronym used for the posterior cruciate ligament?

PAIN

The prepatellar bursa lies between the _____ and the _______.

Patella, skin

The ACL as a _______ for rotation

Pivot

The patellafemoral joint is recognized as _________ because it glides on the femur

Plane joint

The PCL prevents _________ dislocation of the tibia on the femur.

Posterior

The __________ attatches to the posterior aspect of the intercondyar eminence.

Posterior cruciate ligament.

The knee joint can perform medial and lateral _______ when the knee is fully flexed or fully extended.

Rotation

The medial miniscus has a __________ shape.

Seminar

Does the fibula participate in the knee joint?

The fibula does not participate in the knee joint.

What is the acronym used for the ACL?

APEX

Where is the location of the suprapatellar bursa?

Above the patella

The lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint is deemed and ________ ligament.

Accessory

What is the purpose for the screw home mechanism?

Alows muscle to take a break when standing.

The PCL runs in an _________ direction toward the knee joint.

Anterior

Attatches to the anterior portion of the intercondyar eminence.

Anterior cruciate ligament

The __________ runs towards the lateral femoral condyle of the medial surface.

Anterior cruciate ligament

The lateral meniscus takes a more ________ shape and is generally _______ than the medial miniscus.

Circular, smaller

The medial collateral ligament also attatches to the ___________ ligament and the medial meniscus.

Coronary

What is the functional classification of the knee joint?

Diarthrosis

Give an example of where a posterior cruciate ligament tear would occur.

In a car crash the anterior impact on the knee will effect the PCL due to the tibia being pushed back past it's limit.

What is the deepest bursae of the knee?

Infra patellar bursa

What bursa lies between the tibia and the patellar tendon?

Infrapatellar bursa

Which bursa lies between the patellar tendon and the skin?

Superficial patellar bursa

Define the cruciate ligaments of the knee.

The 2 ligaments that cross over eachother in the middle of the joint capsule.

What is the functional purpose for the anterior cruciate ligament. Provide an example

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents the anterior dislocation of the femur. An example of an ACL tear is quickly stopping and changing direction while running.

Define the coronary ligament.

The coronary ligament is the part o the capsule that attaches the inferior edge of the meniscus to the tibial plateau.

Is the knee joint a full on hinge joint or modified? Why?

The knee joint is a modified hinge joint because of the medial rotation of the femur that occurs when the knee is fully extended

Why is the lateral miniscus more mobile than the medial miniscus?

The lateral miniscus is not attached to the joint capsule.

Explain the screw home mechanism when the knee is extended.

The screw mechanism participates in the knee joint. When the knee is fully extended the lateral condyle of the femur articulstes with the lateral surface of the tibial plateau and the femur rotates medially and the patella locks it in place.

Both menisci are _________ at the periphery.

Thicker

What is the purpose of a bursa?

To prevent friction of the bone and the skin.

The knee joint is relatively __________ because you have ________ femoral condyles articulating on a flat _______ surface

Unstable, round,tibial