The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

After Hunter drank a glass of milk, sugar levels in his blood increased. This stimulated the hormone insulin to be released. Insulin helped the sugar move from his blood into cells, so his blood sugar levels decreased. Which statement explains what happened next? Positive feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin. Negative feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin. Negative feedback caused his pancreas to produce more insulin. Positive feedback caused his pancreas to produce more insulin.

Negative feedback caused his pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

Neville has low blood pressure and his pituitary started producing a hormone to maintain water balance. His blood pressure eventually returned to normal. Which best describes what might happen next? Positive feedback will stop the release of this hormone. Positive feedback will speed up the release of this hormone. Negative feedback will speed up the release of this hormone. Negative feedback will stop the release of this hormone.

Negative feedback will stop the release of this hormone.

Reese senses information from her hand, processes it, and determines she needs to move her hand out of the way. Which is the path of information through the nervous system? CNS → PNS → PNS PNS → CNS → PNS CNS → PNS → CNS PNS → CNS → CNS

PNS → CNS → PNS

pituitary gland

a gland in the brain that regulates other glands in the body

interneuron

a nerve cell that carries information between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

motor neuron

a nerve cell that carries information from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

sensory neuron

a nerve cell that carries information from the sense organs to the spinal cord and the brain

testes

a pair of male reproductive organs that produce sperm and hormones

ovaries

a pair of organs in the female abdomen that produces eggs and hormones

neuron

a specialized cell that generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the body

receptor

a structure on a cell that receives signals from outside the cell

gland

a structure that produces substances that the body uses

hormone

a substance produced by the endocrine system that is released into the bloodstream

positive feedback

a type of feedback in which a system is triggered to produce an output

negative feedback

a type of feedback in which the output of a system is reduced

Helps the body to respond to emergency events: adrenal gland pancreas testes

adrenal gland

reflex

an involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus

Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord? peripheral nervous system central nervous system

central nervous system

When the body is exposed to low temperatures, which is the pathway for information in the nervous system? shivering → motor neuron → interneuron → sensory neuron → cold skin cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → shivering → motor neuron sensory neuron → cold skin → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering

cold skin → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → shivering

thymus

help children develop a strong immune

Which is produced by the endocrine system to control how cells and organs function? glands hormones information stimuli

hormones

Which type of neuron stimulates muscles to contract? interneuron sensory neuron motor neuron

motor neuron

Which feedback decreases or stops the production of hormones? negative feedback positive feedback

negative feedback

Diabetes occurs when there is a large amount of sugar in the blood. Which gland is most likely not functioning well enough in a person who has diabetes? pituitary thyroid pancreas adrenal

pancreas

Helps control the amount of sugar in the blood: adrenal gland pancreas testes

pancreas

Which part of the nervous system is outside the brain and spinal cord? peripheral nervous system central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

Which feedback triggers the production of hormones? negative feedback positive feedback

positive feedback

pituitory

regulates growth, water balance, and blood pressure

thyroid

regulates metabolism

Develops secondary sex characteristics: adrenal gland pancreas testes

testes

Which is the control center for the endocrine system? the thymus the hypothalamus the pancreas the thyroid

the hypothalamus

hypothalamus

the part of the brain that helps the body maintain homeostasis

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

central nervous system (CNS)

the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord

axon

the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

dendrite

the part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons, muscles, or glands

metabolism

the processes by which an organism uses food and water to grow, produce energy, and repair cells

Which organ helps a child develop immunity? the thyroid the thymus the pancreas the ovaries

the thymus

Lisa is eating dinner.Which sensory organs is she most likely using to process what she is eating? eyes, tongue, ears nose, ears, skin skin, tongues, nose tongue, nose, eyes

tongue, nose, eyes