The Odyssey

Moor

To hold in place with ropes or anchors

On page 130, why does the artist divide the page in half and use lighter colors on one side and darker colors on the other ?

To prove what happens if you hurt the cattle, and if you leave them be.

Fumigate

To subject to the action of smoke or fumes, especially for disinfection.

Hestia/Vesta

Zeus's sister. She is a virgin goddess. She does not have a distinct personality. She plays no part in myths. She is the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a newborn child is carried before it is received into the family. Each city had a public hearth sacred to Hestia, where the fire was never allowed to go out. Of all the Olympians, she is the mildest, most upright and most charitable.

Parasite

An organism that feeds on a living host

What god helps Odysseus when he lands on Ithaca ?

Athena

Who is Circe and what does she specifically do to Odysseus's men ?

Circe is a mischievous goddess/sorceress. She gave Odysseus's men a sweet concoction made of cheese, barley, gold honey, and paramian wine. She also added a magic drug that turned his men into pigs.

Why doesn't Odysseus tell his men the truth about Scylla beforehand ?

He didn't want to scare them; that would just get more of them killed.

Catastrophe

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

Decree

an official order issued by a legal authority

Implore

beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something

Intervene

come between so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events

Contending

fighting; dealing with difficulties

Ascertain

find (something) out for certain; make sure of

Alms

goods or money given to the poor

Rapacious

greedy

Poseidon is...

green

Blunt

having a worn-down edge or point; not sharp

Repugnant

offensive, disagreeable, distasteful

Decrepit

old and feeble

Elpenor

one of Odysseus' crew, killed in an accident

Eurynome

one of Penelope's servants

Bliss

perfect happiness

Forlorn

pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely

Thwart

prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.

Peril

serious and immediate danger

Insolent

showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect

Oracle

someone or something that can predict the future

Pine

suffer a mental and physical decline, especially because of a broken heart.

Cicones

the first group of people Odysseus encounters.

Portents

things that foreshadow a coming event : omens, or signs

Bind

tie or fasten (something) tightly.

Suffice

to be enough

Invoke

to call upon

Hinder

to delay; to stop or prevent from happening

What advice does Odysseus have for Amphinomus?

to go away from the other suitors, or there will be catastrophe for him too.

Furnish

to provide

Exult

to rejoice greatly

Begrudge

to resent another's success; to envy

Smote

to strike or hit hard

Persophone/Proserpina

Daughter of Zeus and Demeter. She was the goddess of springtime and, after her abduction by Hades she became his wife and Queen of the underworld for six months of each year. While she is with Hades, her mother, Demeter, grieves for her and so we have Fall and Winter. When she returned, Demeter is grateful and so we move into Spring and Summer. The mint and pomegranate is sacred to her. She raised Aphrodite's child Adonis.

How many children does Aeolus have, and what gift does he give to Odysseus?

He has 12 children, 6 boys and 6 girls. They are married to each other. He gives him a bag of wind, which his crew thought it was riches, like gold, and that he wanted to keep it for himself. The crew opened it, and out came the wind, putting back were Aeolis was.

Who is Argos, and what happens to him once he sees Odysseus?

He is Odysseus' old dog. Once he sees him he lets out a little bark, then dies. Athena then takes his soul.

Why does Eumaeus offer the beggar help?

He is in need, a he will always help those in need.

On page 47, how does the artist depict Odysseus's attitude about living on Ogygia)? How does Odysseus feel about living here?

He looks sad and depressed; he misses his wife.

What message does the beggar have for Penelope about Odysseus? What proof does he give Penelope?

He told her that Odysseus is alive and that he is coming back. The beggar told her what he was wearing when he last saw him.

Why doesn't Eumaeus instantly recognize Odysseus?

He was disguised as an old beggar.

Hermes/Mercury

He was the cleverest of the Olympian gods, and messenger to all the other gods. The son of Zeus and Maia, a sea nymph daughter of Atlas. He is Zeus' messenger. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a magic wand. He is the god of thieves and god of commerce. He is the guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.

Dionysus/Bacchus

He was the god of fertility and wine, later considered a patron of the arts. He invented wine and spread the art of tending grapes. He has a dual nature. On the one hand bringing joy and divine ecstasy. On the other brutal, unthinking, rage. If he chooses he can drive a man mad. He is the son of Zeus and Semele. He is the only god to have a mortal parent. Zeus came to Semele in the night, invisible, felt only as a divine presence. Semele was pleased to have a God love her, even though she did not know which one. Word soon got around and Hera quickly assumed who was responsible. Hera went to Semele in disguise and convinced her she should see her lover as he really was. When Zeus next came to her she made him promise to grant her one wish. She went so far as to make him swear on the River Styx that he would grant her request. Zeus was madly in love and agreed. She then asked him to show her his true form. Zeus, was unhappy, and knew what would happen but, having sworn he had no choice. He appeared in his true form and Semele was instantly burnt to a crisp by the sight of his glory. Zeus did manage to rescue him and stitched him into his thigh to hold him until he was ready to be born. His birth from Zeus alone conferred immortality upon him. He is also one of the very few that was able to bring a dead person out of the underworld. Even though he had never seen Semele he was concerned for her. He faced down Thanatos and brought her back to Mount Olympus. The festival for him is in the spring when the leaves begin to reappear on the vine. It became one of the most important events of the year. Its focus became the theater. Most of the great Greek plays were initially written to be performed at the feast of this Greek God.

Which god visits Calypso to order Odysseus's release?

Hermes, the messenger god.

List the four women Odysseus meets in the Underworld.

His mother, Anticlea, Alcmene (Mother of Hercules), Epicaste (Married her son), and Iphimedeia (Bore two twin Giants)

What name does Odysseus give the Cyclops ? How does he escape the cave ?

His name is Nobody. The remainder of the men stab Cyclops in the eye with a flaming pole of wood. He blocks their path of escape, and they hide under the sheep so the Cyclops would let them out.

Good readers are always making predictions about what will happen next. What do you think will happen in the next few chapters?

I think that in the next chapters, there will be a battle between the suitors and Telemachus and Odysseus.

What deal does Odysseus make with Eumaeus about his story?

If it is true, then you will give me a good cloak and shirt, and send me straight to Dulichion, if it is not true, you should throw me off the cliff as warning to the next beggar who comes.

Antinoos

Leader of the suitors

Why doesn't Eumaeus believe the beggar's story that Odysseus is coming home ?

Many other beggars had said the same thing, and that was years ago.

What was your favorite part of the entire graphic novel? Give at least two reasons to back up your answer.

My favorite part of the graphic novel is the battle between the suitors and Odysseus because of how real it looks and the details. You can see their emotions really well, like the maids crying or the look of surprise when you see an arrow in your chest.

In your opinion, is Odysseus a good leader for his men?

No, he does not tell them anything and he always falls asleep, and then the crew does something stupid, like cook cattle or open a bag full of wind.

Eurycleia

Servant who helped raise Odysseus

On the bottom frame of page 51, what can readers infer about Calypso's feelings about her relationship with Odysseus?

She is in love with him.

In one to two complete sentences, describe how Penelope makes sure that Odysseus is really who is says he is .

She tells her servant to go get Odysseus' bed and bring it downstairs for him to sleep on. But Odysseus tell her that only they know; he built one of the posts with a tree that was still rooted to the ground, unless they chopped up the bed.

How does Melantho treat Odysseus? Give an example and page number.

She treats him like he's a pervert. She tells him to stop watching the maids on page 190.

Artemis/Diana

She was goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. The daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo. She is the lady of the wild things. She is the huntsman of the gods. She is the protector of the young. Like Apollo she hunts with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She is a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presides over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Leto no pain when she was born. The cypress is her tree. All wild animals are sacred to her, especially the deer.

List three dangers that Odysseus faces after the Underworld.

Sirens, Scylla, and the wrath of Zeus

Why doesn't Odysseus want to tell Penelope his past?

So she won't figure out it's him.

Eros/Cupid

Son of Aphrodite. The god of love. He is often represented blindfolded because, love is often blind. His "weapon" is darts or arrows. In either case the tips have been magically treated to produce either uncontrollable love or disinterest in the first person seen by his victim after wounding. He is often synonymous with Cupid.

Hephestus/Vulcan

Son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes it is said that Hera alone produced him and that he has no father. He is the only god to be physically ugly. He is also physically disfigured. Accounts as to how he became disfigured vary. Some say that Hera, upset by having an ugly child, flung him from Mount Olympus into the sea, breaking his legs. Others say that he took Hera's side in an argument with Zeus and Zeus flung him off Mount Olympus. He is the god of fire and the forge. He is the smith and armorer of the gods. He uses a volcano as his forge. He is the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He is kind and peace loving. His wife is Aphrodite.

List three who assist Odysseus take down the suitors .

Telemachus, Eumaeus, and Philoetius.

What plan does Odysseus come up for Telemachus?

That they will fight together to kill the suitors.

Hades/Pluto

The brother of Zeus. After the overthrow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Poseidon, another brother, for shares of the world. He had the worst draw and was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is a greedy god who is concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the dead are seen favorably. He is exceedingly disinclined to allow any of his subjects leave. He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has a helmet that makes him invisible. He rarely leaves the underworld. He is unpitying and terrible, but not impulsive. His wife is Persephone whom he abducted. He is the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.

Zeus/Jupiter

The god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods. Zeus overthrew his Father Cronus. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades. He won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but, is famous for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird, the eagle, his tree, the oak. He is represented as the god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked.

Describe the mood of book nineteen in one to two complete sentences. Give at least one peice of evidence to support your answer.

The mood in book nineteen is sad and gloomy. On page 192, you can see Penelope crying when the beggar is talking about Odysseus.

In your opinion, what is the most dangerous situation Odysseus faced in these two books? Answer in two to three complete sentences and give at least two examples from the text. .

The most dangerous situation so far is the encounter with Cyclops. The Cyclops could have easily eaten all of them at once, but he didn't. The Cyclops had already eaten four of Odysseus's men, two at dinner and two at breakfast. If Odysseus had not have brought the wine, all of them would have been eaten. The Cyclops could have easily killed all the men.

Ares/Mars

The son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He is the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite her husband Hephaestus is able to publicly ridicule him. His bird is the vulture. His animal is the dog

Describe Penelope's dream. What does she think it means? What does Odysseus think it means?

There were 20 geese. Those were the suitors. A hawk swooped down and broke all the geeses necks. The hawk was Odysseus. She thought this was a sign of him coming back, but she didn't believe it. Odysseus thought it was prophecy.

In the land of the Cicones, what happens to Odysseus's men since they don't listen to him?

They are attacked

The Muses

They are the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, a Titaness. They are known for the music of their song, which brings joy to any who hear it. There are a total of nine, each with her own specialty: Clio (History) Urania (Astronomy) Melpomene (Tragedy) Thalia (Comedy) Terpsichore (Dance) Calliope (Epic Poetry) Erato (Love Poetry) Polyhymnia (Songs to the Gods) Euterpe (Lyric Poetry)

Euphoria

A feeling of great happiness or well-being

Tallow

A hard fatty substance made from rendered animal fat, used in making candles and soap

Athena is....

Blue

List three actions that Odysseus completes in order to prepare for his journey home .

Say his goodbyes to Calypso, cut up the tree, put on the mast.

The Lotus Eaters

Group of people who consume a special plant that produces euphoria

Telemachus is...

Odysseus' son

Eumaeus

Odysseus' swineherd

Penelope is...

Odysseus' wife

Eurylochus

Odysseus's captain (2nd in charge)

Array

A large group of people or things

Cyclops

A one-eyed monster child of Poseidon

Tiresias

A prophet who resides in Hades

Loiter

(v.) to linger in an aimless way, hang around, dawdle, tarry

On page 94, Odysseus uses foreshadowing about a future event. Please write down a quote that shows this foreshadowing, and make sure you use quotation marks

"It would have been better if I had listened to them"

Find a simile on page 91

"They attacked with a force so numerous, they were like the leaves in autumn.

Abroad

Away from one's own country

Sirens

Beautiful creatures whose songs lure men to their deaths

Why does Telemachus think Odysseus is a God?

Because Odysseus was changed from a beggar to a god-like man right in front of Telemachus' eyes

What advice does Agamemnon have for Odysseus ? What does Achilles want to know from Odysseus ? On which page number is both of these answers ?

Don't let anyone know your home until you have ascertained the state of affairs. He wants to know how his son did in the war. Page 133.

Describe in one to two complete sentences the contest Penelope comes up with to pick her husband .

First you had to put the string on the bow. Then, you had to shoot an arrow through the twelve sockets on the axe heads.

Poseidon/Neptune

God of the sea, protector of all waters. The brother of Zeus. After the overthrow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Hades, another brother, for shares of the world. His prize was to become lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by men on the sea. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus. At one point he desired Demeter. To put him off Demeter asked him to make the most beautiful animal that the world had ever seen. So to impress her Poseidon created the first horse. His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. He has a difficult quarrelsome personality.

Aeolus

God of the winds

Demeter/Ceres

Goddess of corn, grain, and the harvest. She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She makes the crops grow each year. The goddess of the earth, of agriculture, and of fertility in general. Sacred to her are livestock and agricultural products, poppy, narcissus and the crane. Demeter is intimately associated with the seasons.

Aphrodite/Venus

Goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts she has a magical girdle that compels anyone she wishes to desire her. There are two accounts of her birth. One says she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione, a Titan goddess. The other goes back to when Cronus mutilated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. She then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus. She is the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle is her tree. The dove, the swan, and the sparrow her birds. Her favorite lover is the god of war, Ares. She represents love, affection, and the attraction that binds people together.

Zeus is....

Gold

Athena/Minerva

Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity, arts and literature. The daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. She is fierce and brave in battle but, only wars to defend the state and home from outside enemies. She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot. She is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city is Athens. Her tree is the olive. The owl is her bird.

Who has more faith in the gods: Telemachus or Odysseus? Give a quote with the page number to support your answer.

Odysseus has more faith in the gods. "Tell me then: will Athena and Zeus do, to stand beside us?" "!-but will they help us?" "Yes. Trust me." Page 167-168

Hera is....

Purple

Laertes

Odysseus' father

Anticlea

Odysseus' mother

Amphinomus

One of the suitors

Hermes is....

Orange

Onomatopoeia is when a word sounds like the word it describes. One example is "Whak" on page 54 when Odysseus is cutting down trees. Please find three other examples of onomatopoeia in book five and include page numbers.

Pg.60: Crack, Pg.61: Fwoosh, Pg.62: Slam

Name the two individuals whom Odysseus spares:

Phemius the Minstrel and Medon the herald.

Apollo

Son of Zeus and Leto, a daughter of the Titans. His twin sister is Artemis. He is the god of music, playing a golden lyre. The Archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. One of his more important daily tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses and drive the Sun. He is famous for his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow his bird. The dolphin his animal.

Who really is Theoclymus ?

Telemachus

The Three Fates

They have the subtle but awesome power of deciding a man's destiny. They assign a man to good or evil. Their most obvious choice is choosing how long a man lives. There are three Fates. Clotho, the spinner, who spins the thread of life. Lachesis, the measurer, who chooses the lot in life one will have and measures how long it is to be. Atropos, she who cannot be turned, who at death with her shears cuts the thread of life. They are old and predate the gods. It is not entirely clear how far their power extends. It is possible that they determine the fate of the gods as well. In any case, not even the most powerful is willing to trifle with them.

How do the suitors first react to the beggar when he tries to string the bow? How do they react when they realize the beggar is Odysseus?

They react like he isn't going to do it. If they can't do it, no one can. When they realise that he is Odysseus, they ask for forgiveness, then they asked for war.

Give two examples of how the suitors are cruel to Odysseus while he is in disguise.

They talk bad about him and throw things at him.

Laestrygonians

Vicious people Odysseus and his crew encounter

Hera/Juno

Zeus's wife. She is the supreme goddess, goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes special care of married women. Her marriage was founded in strife with Zeus. Zeus courted her unsuccessfully. He then turned to trickery, changing himself into disheveled cuckoo. Hera feeling sorry for the bird held it to her breast to warm it. Zeus then resumed his normal form and surprised her. She then married him to cover her shame. Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus infidelities. Her sacred animals are the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city is Argos.

Nymph

a mythological spirit of nature imagined as a beautiful maiden inhabiting rivers, woods, or other locations.

Swineherd

a person who tends pigs

Sage

a profoundly wise man, especially one who features in ancient history or legend.

Harlot

a prostitute or promiscuous woman

Pittance

a small amount

Circe

a sorceress who enchants Odysseus's men