The Renaissance Period
Describe Sonnet 30.
- humor or audacity - speaker describes his beloved - nothing like the red-lipped, rosy-cheeked, sweet-voiced, damsel of typical love poetry - instead, she is an ordinary mortal
spondee
(II)
trochee
(IU)
dactyl
(IUU)
ingenious comparison
(Petrarchan) conceits
iamb
(UI)
anapest
(UUI)
Caesura
(ii)
fanciful comparisons of 2 apparently different things
conceit
Describe Sonnet 116.
- tells what love is and what it is not - love is not changeable but fixed and unalterable - love is also not "time's fool" - it doesn't change as time passes or when beauty fades - final couplet is when the speaker claims if he's wrong about love then he "never writ" and no man "ever loved"
What is the structure of a Petrarchan conceit
-14 line poem of rhymed iambic pentameter -organized into 2 stanzas - (octave) - 8 lines -(sestet) - 6 lines
How many children of Henry VIII ruled England and who were there mothers?
-Mary daughter of Catherine of Aragon (Bloody Mary) -Elizabeth daughter of Anne Boleyn - Edward son of Jane Seymour
What were 3 types of literature that were developed and explain each.
-Sonnet - imported by Wyatt and Surrey from Italy, where it had been perfected by Petrarch (Petrarchan sonnet also called Italian sonnet) -Essay - imported by Bacon from France -Verse - borrowed from the Italian and French
Name 5 important discoveries that happened during this time period?
1. Balboa - Pacific Ocean 2. Sir Francis Drake - sailed around the world - proved it was wrong 3. Cortes - conquered Mexico for Spain 4. Cartier - exploration of Canada for France 5. colonies founded in North America
The changes in people's values, beliefs, and behavior that marked the emerging renaissance occurred gradually.
15th century scholars rediscovered the writings of ancient Greece and Rome. At this same time, people became more curious about themselves and their world.
When did Queen Elizabeth die? Who was her successor? Why does this seem strange to us today?
1603; King James of Scotland; he had little 1st hand knowledge of England
What is the structure of an English sonnet
4 line stanzas called quatrains and concludes in a couplet turn occurs between the last quatrain and the couplet
What do classical learning and philosophy mean?
Classical learning is when the 15th century scholars rediscovered the writings of ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance man is an energetic and very productive person. They were interested in science, literature, art, and other subjects. Thomas Jefferson was a Renaissance Man.
Who were the important philosophers of this time?
Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More, and Machiavelli
Who invented the telescope? Why would his invention prove Copernicus' assertion?
Galileo invented the telescope and up until that time there was no way they could explore the universe. The telescope made Copernicus' assertion that the earth was not the center of the universe able to be proven. It made it possible for people to explore new territories and make boundless discoveries.
An intellectual movement known as humanism began to use the Latin and Greek classics, combined with traditional Christian thought, to teach people how to live and how to rule.
Guttenberg's printing press helped spread the new knowledge, making more books available to more people than ever before.
Explain King James' religious convictions that led to the founding of the Plymouth colony in America.
He was a devout Anglican that was opposed to Puritanism. His actions of persecuting the Puritans led to the founding of the colony Plymouth
Who was crowned King of England when the War of Roses ended?
Henry VII
King Henry VIII was considered a Renaissance man. He created the Royal Navy which put a stop to foreign invasions of England and provided the means of this island kingdom to spread its political power, language, and literature all over the globe. He wrote poetry, played many different musical instruments, he was a champion athlete and a hunter, and patronized the new humanistic learning.
Henry VIII's rule was bold and bloody. He increased England's strengths and ensured its security by building up the Royal Navy, but those close to the king paid a high price.
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy, where the all powerful Catholic Church financed many intellectual and artistic endeavors.
Humanism sought instead to harmonize these two great sources of wisdom: the Bible and the classics Their aim was to use classics to strengthen Christianity.
Religion was solely a matter between the individual and God and which is the foundation of most Protestant churches, and is directly traceable to the teachings of those Renaissance humanists who emphasized the freedom of all human beings.
In 1531, refused an annulment by the pope, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church in Rome and declared himself head of the English Church. This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation of England.
Like her father, Elizabeth quickly and efficiently settled disorder both in her kingdom and in their own household. She once again rejected the pope and reestablished the Church of England. Elizabeth's intelligence and independence made her reign one of the most successful in England's history.
In 1588, the English Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada. The stunning sea victory assured England's independence from the powerful Catholic countries of the Mediterranean.
What was the Gunpowder Plot? When is Guy Fawkes Day and why is it significant?
It is vast quantities of explosions in the cellar of the Parliament building. November 5th is collaborated as Guy Fawkes Day to commemorate his death as the leader of this conspiracy.
What is a good definition for Renaissance based on this paragraph?
It was an intellectual movement that began in the late 1400's and marked changes in people's values, beliefs, and behavior. The Crusades introduced them to new things. The term renaissance is a French word that means "rebirth" and refers to renewed interest in classical learning - writings of ancient Greek and Rome. The Renaissance made advances in art, literature, religion, philosophy, science, inventions, geography, and many discoveries.
What is meant by the term humanism?
It was an intellectual movement that was concerned with human interests and values. Humanists used the Latin and Greek classics combined with traditional Christian's thought, to teach people how to live and rule. They thought with the aim - purpose of life is to obtain virtue. Virtue is the best possible human possession and the only source of true happiness.
Who was the greatest Puritan poet and what did he write?
John Milton - Paradise Lost
Describe the civil war.
King Phillip of Spain used Mary's execution as an excuse to invade England. He assembled the famous Spanish Armada. England's royal navy destroyed the Armada assuring England's and all of northern Europe's independence from the powerful Catholic countries of the Mediterranean.
Who were two of the great artists of this time and what did they do?
Leonardo Da Vinci, the ultimate, and Michelangelo were 2 of the greatest artist of this time. Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel and David. Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. He was a scientist, discovered human anatomy, movement of water, engineer, invented the flying machine, war weapons, and parachutes.
What are 5 protestant churches?
Lutheran church Anglican Methodist Episcopal Presbyterian
Mary burned about 300 of her subjects at the stake and got the name Bloody Mary.
Mary Tudor succeeded her father Henry VIII. Immediately, she killed Protestants and reversed her father's policies: she restored the pope's power in England.
What is the protestant reformation?
People rejected the authority of the pope and the Italian churchmen. By the 1530's an open break with the Roman Catholic Church could no longer be avoided. Strong feelings of patriotism and national identity made the English people resent the financial burdens imposed on them by the Vatican. The new religious ideas were coming into England from the Continent, especially from Germany. Martin Luther founded a new kind of Christianity based on a personable understanding of the Bible.
"Whoso list to hunt" is a ___________sonnet
Petrarchan
What is the situation in the poem "Whoso List to Hunt"
Situation - tells about a hunter telling other men about a woman and that he can't catch her
What is the situation and turn in Sonnet 29?
Situation - the speaker bemoans his lack of looks, ability, prospects, and powerful friends Turn - the speaker recalls the riches of love that bestowed upon him and declines to change his place with kings
What is the situation and turn in Sonnet 30?
Situation - the speaker compares his love for a woman to fire and her rejection of his love to ice Turn - the sonnet develops the paradox concluding that in the case of love, the rules of nature are suspended
What is the situation and turn in Sonnet 75?
Situation - the speaker describes writing his beloved's name in the sand and seeing the waves wash it away twice Turn - when she protests that it is futile to try to immortalize anything mortal, he promises to make her name and their love live forever through verse
What is the situation and turn in Sonnet 73?
Situation - through metaphors of autumn, twilight, and glowing embers, the speaker conveys his advancing age and weakening hold on life Turn - at the end of the poem the speaker acknowledges that his beloved recognizes his failures or frailties, yet loves him more because he'll be gone soon
What are the 2 names of an English Sonnet
Spenserian and Shakespearean sonnet
Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More, humanists and close friends, helped shape European thought and history.
Strong feelings of patriotism and new ideas coming from the Continent encouraged people to question the authority of the Catholic Church and to object to the financial burdens imposed on them by the pope in Rome.
What 3 parts can the Renaissance be divided?
The Rise (1500-1558) The Height (1558-1603) The Decline (1603-1649)
Elizabeth encouraged and inspired many writers. With the ear of peace and prosperity that followed the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the English started writing as never before.
The political climate in England began to change after Elizabeth's death. The end of the English Renaissance is usually marked by the return of the exiled king in 1660. By this time, more political and secular values were beginning to challenge the accepted doctrines of religion.
Lovers may die, but _________ through verse
immortalizes
Why did Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church? What church resulted in this separation? (give both names)
because he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and the pope wouldn't allow it -Church of England or Anglican Church
plaintive poem of laments and pleas of unrequited lovers
complaint
describes a change or turn
sestet
basic unit of a meter, one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables
foot
What do enclosure laws mean? How did this contribute to the growth of cities?
large open areas that were originally made available to everyone, were fenced in, and many agricultural workers who were no longer able to pay the higher rents for land moved to the cities where there was a better place to find work which contributed to the growth of cities
Who were the "metaphorical poets"? What kind of poetry did they write? What are the "conceits"?
led by Johnn Donne, they used "strong" or harsh lines and overrode regular meters; Conceits are strained metaphors; their poetry was intellectual rather than romantic even in their love poetry
rhythmic beat of stressed and unstressed syllables
meter
describes a situation
octave
Sonnet 30 is a ______ poem
paradox
an apparent contradiction that is somehow true
paradox
scan a poem to identify the type of foot or feet and count them
scansion
Describe the fate of drama plays.
the Puritan government closed all the play houses in 1649; in 1660, the monarchy was restored and theatres were reopened
Who and what were responsible for the rapid spread of knowledge or literacy during this period?
the invention of the printing press by William Caxton * Guttenberg
