The Science of Psychology - Chapter 1

Which of the following are true of survey research?

A disadvantage is that people may not answer honestly, people are asked to self-report

The group that receives the treatment the researchers want to study is known as the _ group.

Experimental.

The degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address is called _ validity.

External.

True or False: Survey research is the preferred method for studying socially undesirable phenomena such as holding racist attitudes.

False

True or False: If two variables are correlated, then one of them must cause the other.

False.

What is a longitudinal design?

Systematic observation that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time.

True or False: The scientific method is a continuous process.

True.

The soundness of conclusions that can be drawn from an experiment are known as

Validity.

When researchers study the effects of a particular drug, the control group might receive _.

a placebo

The term experimental _ is used to describe a situation where the expectation of the experimenter influence the outcomes of the research being conducted.

bias.

A(n) _ study is an in-depth analysis of an individual or small group of people.

case

Experiments involve _ one variable and observing the effect on another variable.

manipulating

What is survey research?

A standard set of questions used to obtain people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic

Mark wants to become a successful businessman. He studies how Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, became wealthy. This is an example of a(n) _.

Case study.

What can researchers do after they have conducted a study and generated their conclusions?

Collect more data, using different methods. Revise their theories. Share their findings with others. Collect more data, using the same methods.

Social psychologists often manipulate situations by employing an assistant to play a role. This assistant is known as a(n) _

Confederate.

The group that receives no treatment is referred to as the _ group.

Control.

Research that involves determining the relationship between variable and whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together is called _ research.

Correlational

The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a:

Correlational coefficient

Your roommate tells you that he spent four hours at Starbucks this week and his GPA is 3.1. You spent six hours at Starbucks this week and your GPA is 3.5. What type of research have you started collecting?

Correlational research

Which of the following are the three basic types of research used in psychology?

Correlational, descriptive, and experimental

The _ variable is expected to change as a result of the experimental manipulation.

Dependent.

Which variable is measured by the experimenter?

Dependent.

_ research serves the purpose of determining the basic dimensions of a phenomenon and defining what it is or how often it occurs; but it cannot provide casual information.

Descriptive

A(n) _ _ is the manipulated experimental factor in an experiment.

Independent variable.

Which variable is manipulated by the experimenter?

Independent variable.

The degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable(s) is called _ validity.

Internal.

Select all of the following that are the correct interpretation of the statement "Extroversion and attending parties are positively correlated"?

People who go to parties tend to be extroverted.

The researchers are not able to use random assignment to divide participants among groups. Instead, they compare preexisting groups. What type of research is this?

Quasi-experimental design.

Which of these is an advantage of the case study method?

Researchers can gain a richer level of detail about an individual person.

The same people are in the control group and the experimental group. Each participant is exposed to all of the conditions. What is the term for this type of research?

Within-participant design.

The term _ is used to describe any aspects of a study that communicates to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave.

demand characteristic.

A _ is an experiment that is conducted so that neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until after the results are calculated.

double-blind experiment

A(n) _ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more variables believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other variables are held constant.

experiment

When a male experiment interacts differently with female participants than he does with male participants, this is an example of _ bias in the study.

experimenter

An experimenter provides hints as to the preferred responses. The result is that his study produces results consistent with the hypothesis. However, the results may reflect

experimenter bias

The five steps of the _ method are reflected differently in three types of research commonly used in psychology.

scientific

Research participant bias is

the influence of research participants' expectations o their behavior within an experiment.

Issac participated in a research study where he wore magnetic bracelets to see if they would cure arthritis symptoms. The pain did go away, but this was all due to Isaac's expectations, as there were actually no magnets in the bracelets. This is an example of _.

the placebo effect