The Theory of Plate Tectonic JPJ

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subduction zone

in tectonic plates, the site at which an oceanic plate is sliding under a continental plate.

Fault

abreak in Earth's crust along which rocks move

How do moving plates change Earth's crust?

occurance of earthquakes, formation of volcanoes, mountain ranges, rift valleys, and deep-ocean trenches

volcanos

A mountain or hill, which has a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

asthenosphere

A plastic, or flowing, layer within Earth's upper mantle

lithosphere

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

continental crust

A solid, thin outermost layer of Earth, not under ocean

a system of satellites together form a ____________ that measures tectonic plate movement

Global Positioning System or GPS

magma

Molten rock beneath the earth's surface

The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's crust are in constant, slow motion is called ___.

Plate tectonics

places where tectonic plates meet

Tectonic plant boundries

The San Andreas fault is an example of which kind of boundary?

Transform Boundary

Rift Valley

a deep valley that forms where two lates move apart

Divergent Boundary

a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

Transform Boundary

a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions- causes earthquakes

Convergent Boundary

a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other ( COLLIDE)

Plate

a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust

Plate Tectonics: a theory that Earth is divided into tectonic plates that move on top of _____________

asthenosphere

how fast do tectonic plates move

centimeters per year

The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations

convection

hot rock from deep within the earth rises and cooler rock below the surface sinks (convection currents)

convection in the mantle

At a __ plates come together.

convergent boundary

oceanic- oceanic divergence at mid- ocean ridges results in new forming oceanic ___________

crust

Plates move apart along a ____.

divergent boundary

oceanic crust

earths crust located under the ocean

continental-continental collisions result in Earth's crust being thrust upward creating (Example, Himialaya mountains)

fault-block mountain ranges

Breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other are called ____.

faults

The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called ____.

plates

A ___ is a deep valley on land that forms along a divergent boundary

rift valley

continental-continental divergence on land results in the formation of ______ _________

rift valley

continental-oceanic collisions in the denser oceanic plate being pushed downward into asthenosphere (Pacific / South America, Andes Mountains) creates mountain ranges

subduction

Describe what happens when two plates carrying continental crust collide.

the collision squeezes the crust into mountain ranges

Describe what happens when a plate carrying oceanic crust collides with a plate carrying continental crust.

the denser oceanic plate subducts below the continental plate

Describe what happens when two plates carrying oceanic crust collide.

the denser plate subducts below the other at deep ocean trench

Explain what forces caused the movments of the continents from one supercontinent to their present positions.

the force of convection currents in the mantle caused the movements of the plates that carry the continents

Plate Tectonics

theory that states that Earth's plates are in slow constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

Density changes in the asthenosphere are caused by the flow of __________ energy from deep within the Earth

thermal

At a _____, plates slip past each other.

transform boundary

oceanic-oceanic collisions result in one plate being sub-ducted, creating __________ __________ (Indonesia)

volcanic islands and deep trenches


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