The Theory of Plate Tectonic JPJ
subduction zone
in tectonic plates, the site at which an oceanic plate is sliding under a continental plate.
Fault
abreak in Earth's crust along which rocks move
How do moving plates change Earth's crust?
occurance of earthquakes, formation of volcanoes, mountain ranges, rift valleys, and deep-ocean trenches
volcanos
A mountain or hill, which has a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
asthenosphere
A plastic, or flowing, layer within Earth's upper mantle
lithosphere
A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
continental crust
A solid, thin outermost layer of Earth, not under ocean
a system of satellites together form a ____________ that measures tectonic plate movement
Global Positioning System or GPS
magma
Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's crust are in constant, slow motion is called ___.
Plate tectonics
places where tectonic plates meet
Tectonic plant boundries
The San Andreas fault is an example of which kind of boundary?
Transform Boundary
Rift Valley
a deep valley that forms where two lates move apart
Divergent Boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
Transform Boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions- causes earthquakes
Convergent Boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other ( COLLIDE)
Plate
a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust
Plate Tectonics: a theory that Earth is divided into tectonic plates that move on top of _____________
asthenosphere
how fast do tectonic plates move
centimeters per year
The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations
convection
hot rock from deep within the earth rises and cooler rock below the surface sinks (convection currents)
convection in the mantle
At a __ plates come together.
convergent boundary
oceanic- oceanic divergence at mid- ocean ridges results in new forming oceanic ___________
crust
Plates move apart along a ____.
divergent boundary
oceanic crust
earths crust located under the ocean
continental-continental collisions result in Earth's crust being thrust upward creating (Example, Himialaya mountains)
fault-block mountain ranges
Breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other are called ____.
faults
The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called ____.
plates
A ___ is a deep valley on land that forms along a divergent boundary
rift valley
continental-continental divergence on land results in the formation of ______ _________
rift valley
continental-oceanic collisions in the denser oceanic plate being pushed downward into asthenosphere (Pacific / South America, Andes Mountains) creates mountain ranges
subduction
Describe what happens when two plates carrying continental crust collide.
the collision squeezes the crust into mountain ranges
Describe what happens when a plate carrying oceanic crust collides with a plate carrying continental crust.
the denser oceanic plate subducts below the continental plate
Describe what happens when two plates carrying oceanic crust collide.
the denser plate subducts below the other at deep ocean trench
Explain what forces caused the movments of the continents from one supercontinent to their present positions.
the force of convection currents in the mantle caused the movements of the plates that carry the continents
Plate Tectonics
theory that states that Earth's plates are in slow constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
Density changes in the asthenosphere are caused by the flow of __________ energy from deep within the Earth
thermal
At a _____, plates slip past each other.
transform boundary
oceanic-oceanic collisions result in one plate being sub-ducted, creating __________ __________ (Indonesia)
volcanic islands and deep trenches