Theories of personality Exam 2
in his later years while rethinking his beliefs regarding the last stage of life, Erikson exchanged integrity with integrality, and wisdom with
"faith," as the final virtue.
Learning to let go, to hold on, to will, and sense right from wrong are associated mainly with which developmental stage?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Which three neurotic strategies involve a bargain with fate in which obedience to the dictates of that solution is supposed to be rewarded?
Compulsive compliance, compulsive aggression, and compulsive detachment
The Stone Center relational model emphasizes the centrality of what in women's lives?
Connection
Psychology as a field has a long history of pathologizing
LGBTQ orientation and experience.
What epistemological framework challenges the strict adherence to scientific method in psychological research?
Social Constructionism
Relational-Cultural Theory is the theoretical orientation of counseling treatment and training at the
Stone Counseling Center.
Erikson associated a child's failure to do well when first attending school with the development of
a sense of inferiority or inadequacy.
The final developmental stage of ego integrity versus despair deals with
acceptance of one's own unique life cycle.
When individuals exercise "power over" others, they seek to ensure their position of
dominance and control.
For a woman, according to Horney, penis envy may signify
envy for social power that is often available only to men.
From a developmental perspective, healthy women may
face different developmental issues than men.
Horney disagreed with Freud on the importance of unconscious motivation and the primacy of emotion over rational influences on behavior.
false
Liberal feminism
focuses on legal and social change within existing structures.
Horney became this when she abandoned the topic of feminine psychology in 1935:
gender neutral
Horney is known for
how she heightened awareness of the role of cultural factors in mental disturbance.
Feminist theorists believe that individuals
may be best understood in relationship to their sociopolitical context.
A positive experience that may occur during the intimacy versus isolation stage is the development of
mutuality with a love partner.
Erikson thought that the development of a sense of identity could be understood as the construction of a(n)
personal life story.
A misunderstood area in the psychology of women is the struggle for
power
Cultural feminists have been criticized for
presuming that essential feminine qualities are universal.
Horney concluded that the source of healthy values and the goal of life itself is
self-realization.
This is the "refuge" of people with extremely high standards on the basis of which they look down upon others:
the arrogant-vindictive solution.?
Crucial to the development of a sense of basic trust versus basic mistrust is
the experience with the mother, or primary caregiver.
Critics of Erikson have raised questions about
the universality of his theories.
Carol Gilligan examined the moral development of girls and emphasized connected moral development.
true
In the developmental pattern, a crisis is not necessarily dramatic or overtly disruptive.
true
Radical feminists were among the first to start rape crisis centers.
true
Rather than accepting Freud's belief that "anatomy is destiny," Horney argued that women chiefly envy the power that is attached to the patriarchal ideal and cultural manifestations of male privilege.
true
Whom did Erikson begin daily analysis with in 1927?
anna freud
In college students, researchers have found that a more developed sense of identity is associated with more mature defense mechanisms, better performance under stress, and
better grades.
The stage generativity versus stagnation typcially includes
caring for others
The diagnosis of homosexuality was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual in 1951.
false
When the 4 to 6 year old begins "getting into everything," she is attempting to reestablish intimacy in an environment in which she thinks she has lost it.
false
Qualities associated with compulsive compliance—"moving toward"—include
self-effacement and a tendency to "turn the other cheek."
Socialist feminists believe that the fundamental structures of oppression are found in
society's institutional structures such as work, education, family, and sexuality.
Research has lead credence to Horney's theory that perfectionism is caused by turning away from the real self and turning toward the idealized self instead.
true
Social factors took precedence over biology, as she increasingly doubted the universality of the Oedipus complex.
true
Someone who feels threatened by intimacy may in fact be experiencing a weak sense of identity.
true
Strongly influenced by his firsthand knowledge of other cultures, Erikson's theoretical focus was on healthy personality development.
true
The Eriksonian therapist's job is to foster the patient's potential for growth and development, rather than to impose his or her own future expectations or past experience on the patient.
true
The epigenetic model of human development suggest that each life stage develops on top of the subsequent life stages.
true
The interpersonal difficulties produced by the pride system show up in the defensive strategies of moving toward, against, or away from people.
true
The need for connection and emotional joining is a primary need; much of human suffering arises from disconnection and isolation.
true
The process of psychological growth requires the participants to respond empathically to each other.
true
Similar to Freud's views, Horney saw sexual difficulties as the cause of personality problems, rather than the result.
true?
Whether an individual develops basic anxiety has little to do with early family experiences, but is primarily a result of cultural and socioeconomic influences.
true?
Defensive strategies are doomed to failure because they generate
vicious circles
The phrase "identity crisis" was coined by Erikson to describe patients who
were in a constant "startled" state.
Much of the early feminist psychological research was conducted by and generally only included:
white, middle-class hetersexual women