Thermodynamics Terms Chapter 1
equilibrium
a condition of balance maintained by an equality of opposing forces and of other influences. there are multiple types: mechanical, thermal, phase, chemical
property
a macroscopic characteristic of a system such as mass, volume, energy, pressure, and temperature to which a numerical value can be assigned at a given time without knowledge of the previous behavior of the system. is path INDEPENDENT. they are either extensive or intensive.
extensive property
a property that depends on system size. EX: mass, volume, energy
intensive property
a property that is independent of system size. EX: density, temperature, pressure, specific volume.
property requirements
a quantity is a property if, and only if, its change in value between two states is independent of the process.
control volume (aka open system)
a region in space through which mass flows. exchanges mass, heat, and work with surroundings.
isolated system
a special type of closed system that does not interact in any way with its surroundings.
process
a transformation from one state to another
surroundings
everything external to the system
boundary
is what distinguishes a system from its surroundings
state
refers to the condition of a system as described by its properties.
pressure
the limit of Normal force divided by area as area approaches a desired area
specific volume
volume divided by mass; is also the reciprocal of density
system
whatever thing we want to study
closed system (aka control mass)
when a particular quantity of matter is under study. there can be no mass transfer. there can be heat and work interactions with surroundings.
steady state
when none of a system's properties changes with time.
equilibrium state
when we isolate a system from its surroundings and observe that there is no changes in it's observable quantities it is in an ___________
