Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

A psychological test is reliable to the extent that it: Select one: a. measures what it is supposed to measure. b. has been normed using sampler representative of those for whom the test has been designed. c. yields consistent measurements. d. All of these

C

Alyssa uses a shoe as a hammer and a butter knife as a screwdriver while making several minor household repairs. Which of the following statements best characterizes Alyssa's problem solving? a. She is constrained by a powerful mental set. b. She is taking advantage of the representative heuristic. c. She has been released from functional fixedness. d. She is forming subgoals.

C

Dr. Tranh has given so many lectures that he gives little thought to what he expects might happen. He assumes students will assemble, take notes, and occasionally ask a question. That Dr. Tranh finds the process so routine reflects the development of: Select one: a. a retrieval path. b. a semantic association. c. a schema. d. explicit memory.

C

Kyana is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kyana to be high? Select one: a. Spatial b. Analytic c. Interpersonal d. Bodily kinesthetic

C

Last week, Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes on the news. Even though, in general, motorcycle accidents account for more accidents than plane crashes do, Mike decides to ride his motorcycle from Washington to Atlanta instead of flying. Which bias is reflected in Mike's decision? Select one: a. Confirmation bias b. Syllogistic error c. The availability heuristic d. The representativeness heuristic

C

Nigel often cites newspaper editorials favoring the presidential candidate he supports. He appears to ignore editorials' criticism of the candidate. Nigel appears to be prone to: Select one: a. functional fixedness. b. mental set. c. the confirmation bias. d. the representativeness heuristic.

C

The intelligence that drives "overall success in living" is known as _________ intelligence. Select one: a. practical b. creative c. crystallized d. emotional

A

According to your text, intelligence tests have been beneficial in: Select one: a. identifying students of need in special attention in school. b. diagnosing learning and memory difficulties. c. helping people make the best educational and career choices. d. All of these

B

If algorithms guarantee problem solutions, why do we ever use heuristics, which do not? Select one: a. Sometimes no algorithm is available to solve a particular problem. b. Heuristics often require less time and effort to apply than do algorithms. c. Heuristics produce successful problem solutions with sufficient frequency to justify their use. d. All of these

B

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet has a high _____ intelligence. Select one: a. crystallized b. fluid c. flexible d. spatial

B

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans is the better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each contains. Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually a better buy." Lori is using aNo ___________; Monica, aNo _____________. Select one: a. heuristic; algorithm b. algorithm; heuristic c. heuristic; prototype d. prototype; algorithm

B

Traditional intelligence tests tend to assess _______ thinking; tests of creativity tap into __________. Select one: a. divergent; convergent thinking b. convergent; divergent thinking c. divergent; convergent thinking d. convergent; convergent thinking as well

B

Whenever Mr. Redding catches himself saying, "This pain is ruining my life," he is supposed to immediately tell himself, "STOP! I am in control of my pain." This pain management technique is known as _____ restructuring. Select one: a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. neuroscience d. personality

B

Which of the following impediments to effective problem solving is CORRECTLY matched with its definition? Select one: a. functional fixedness—the tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist b. mental set—the tendency to think of an object only in terms of its customary use c. confirmation bias—the tendency to favor existing hypotheses and to ignore evidence favoring alternatives d. All of these are correctly defined.

B

A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students' completion of a term paper assignment by requiring to first submit a topic statement, then a list of references, then a draft of the introduction, then, finally, the completed paper. The professor is encouraging her students to use the problem solving strategy of: Select one: a. means-ends analysis. b. trial and error. c. working backward. d. forming subgoals.

D

Aptitude test is to achievement test as __________ is to ___________. Select one: a. predicting future performance; assessing past performance b. assessing past performance; predicting future performance c. the Law School Admission Test; the bar exam the Law School Admission Test; the bar exam the Law School Admission Test; the bar exam the Law School Admission Test; the bar exam d. Both A and C

D