Thoracic wall
the first rib contains
- 1 facet on its head - two transverselly directed grooves for the subclavian vessesl
what is the thoracic cage formed by
- Vertebral column - Ribs - Intercostal space - Sternum - Costal cartilages
strucutres passing through the inferior thoracic aperture
- esophagus - large vessesl - nerves all of which pierce the diaphram
the spaces between the ribs contain what 3 muscles
- external intercostals - internal intercostals - innermost intercostals
typical rib has
- head - neck - tubercle - shaft - angle
the thoracic cage protects
- heart - lungs
the sternum is divided into three parts
- manubrium - body of the sternum - xiphoid process
joints of the sternum
- manubrosternal joint - xiphisternal joint
the thoracic cavity is divided into
- mediastinum : median area - laterally placed pleaura and lung
the thoracic wall is divided into three boundaries
- posterior - anterior - lateral
the manubrium articulates with
- the body of the sternum - the clavicles - the first costal cartilage - the upper part of the second costal cartilage
2nd to 7th costal cartilage articulate with
- the lateral border of the sternum with the synovial joints - the rib by cartilaginous joints
structure passing through the superior thoracic aperture
- trachea - esophagus - nerves - vessesl that supply and drain head, neck and upper lims
ribs can classified as
- true - false - floating
the 2nd rib contains
- two facets for articulation on its head
how many and what kind of joint is located between the head of the 1st, 10th, 11th and 12th rib and the corresponding vertebral body
1 synovial joint
which ribs are short and lack a neck and tubercle
11th and 12th
posterolateral inferior thoracic aperture
11th and 12th pair of ribs
floating ribs
11th, 12th and sometimes the 10th rib - do not connect at all with the sternum - their costal cartilage ends in the posterior abdominal musculature
posterior inferior thoracic aperture
12th thoracic vertebra - protudes into opening
atypical ribs
1st 2nd 10-12th
true ribs
1st through the 7th rib - attach directly to the sternum via costal catrilage
the 2nd through 9th ribs have what kind of joint between their heads and the vertebra? and how many ?
2 synovial joints - one between the corresponding vertebral body - one between the vertebra above it
which region of costal cartilage articulate with one another
6th - 10th costal cartilage articulate with one another along their bodies
false ribs
8th, 9th and usually the 10th ribs - their cartilages are connected to the cartilage above them - they have an indirect attachment to the stermun
sternum
a flat bone
what kind of movement is possible in the manubriosternal joint
a small amount of angular movement is possible during respiration
what connects the head of the ribs to the intervertebral dics
a strong intra-articular ligament
costal cartilage
are pieces of cartilage that connect the upper seven ribs to the lateral edge of the sternum and the 8th, 9th and 10th ribs to the cartilage immediately above
internal intercostal muscle extends
backward from the sternum in front to the angles of the ribs behind - where the muscle is replaced by an aponeurosis the internal intercostal membrane
where are the intercostal vessels and nerves located
between the internal and innermost muscles
what kind of joint is the manubriosternal joint
cartilaginous joint
what kind of joint is between the ribs and the costal cartilages?
cartilagnious joints - which are immovable
internal intercostal muscle fibers are directed
downward and backward from the subcostal groove of the rib above to the upper board of the rib below
the cartilages of the 11th and 12th ribs are?
embedded in the abdominal musculature
what lines the parietal pleura
endothoracic fascia
the innermost intercostals are lined internally by
endothoracic fascia - connective tissue
lateral superior thoracic aperture
first pair of ribs plus thier costal cartilages
posterior superior thoracic aperture
first thoracic vertebra - body prorudes into opening
innermost intercostal muscle
forms the deepest layer and corresponds to the transverus adbominis of the abdominal wall - is an incomplete muscle layer
characteristics of the 2nd rib
has a thinner, less curved body, and it is longer than the first rib
what kind of joint is the xiphisternal joint
is a cartilaginous joint
anatomy of a typical rib
is a long twisted flat bone that has a rounded, smooth superior border and a sharp thin inferior border - the anterior end of each rib is attached to the corresponding costal cartilage
tubercle of a typical rib
is a prominence on the outer surface of the rib at the junction of the neck with the shaft - has a facet for articulation
xiphoid process
is a thin plate of cartilage - no ribs or costal cartilage are attached to it
neck of a typical rib
is located between the head and the tubercle - is constricted due to location
characteristics of the first rib
is the broadest, shortest and most sharply curved of the seven true ribs
the costal groove of a typical rib
is the inferior border of the shaft - containing the intercostal vessels and nerves
the shaft of a typical rib
is thin flattened and twisted on its long axis
the angle of a typical rib
is where the shaft of the ribs bends sharply forward
how to recognize the sternal angle
it can be recognized by a transverse ridge on the anterior surface of the sternum
what happens to the external intercostal muscles at the costal cartilage?
it is replaced by an aponerosis, the external intercostal membrane
what does the 1st rib articulate with
its articulates with the T1 vertebra only
external intercostal muscles fiber direction
its fibers are directed downward and forward from the inferior border of the rib above to the superior border of the rib below - superficial
the innermost intercostal muscles cross
more than one intercostal space within the ribs
raising and the lowering of the ribs during respiration is accompanied by
movements in both the synovial joints of the head and tubercle - which permits the neck of each rib to rotate around its own axis
10th- 12th ribs have how many facets
only one on their head which articulate with a single vertebra
ribs internally contain
red bone marrow ( hematopoietic tissue) - make red blood cells
lateral boundary of the thoracic wall
ribs and intercostal spaces
the thoracic wall is covered by
skin and muscles
anterior boundary of the thoracic wall
sternum
anterior superior thoracic aperture
superior border of the manubrium
what joint is located between the 6th- 10th costal cartilage
synovial joint
what kind of joint is at the tubercle of the ribs
synovial joint - which connects the tubercle of the ribs and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
the main atypical feature of the 2nd rib
the 2nd rib contains a rough area on its upper surface which is the tuberosity for the serratus anterior - a part of that muscles origin
the sternal angle ( of Louis) is formed by the articulations of?
the artiucaltion of the manubruim with the body of the sternum
the xiphoid process lies opposite of what
the body of the 9th thoracic vertebra
head of a typical rib articulates with ?
the corresponding vertebral body at the superior costal demifacet, and with the inferior costal demifacet of the vertebra above it
the external intercostal muscles extend forward to
the costal cartilage
what contributes to the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic wall
the costal cartilage
the inferior border of the rib overhangs to form
the costal groove
inferiorly the thorax is separated from the abdomen by
the diaphragm
the tubercle articulates with
the facet of the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the numerically corresponding vertebra ( costal facet)
what is the thoracic cage
the framework of the wall of the thorax
the costal groove contains
the intercostal vessels and nerves
the sternal angle lies opposite of what?
the intervertebral disc between the 4th and the 5th thoracic vertebrae
anterolateral inferior thoracic aperture
the joinged cartilages of the ribs 7 through 10
the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum at?
the manubriosternal joint
the first costal cartilage articulates with
the manubrium - does not permit movement
the thoracic cage is used as a attachment site for
the muscles of the thorax, upper extremity, abdomen and back
superiorly the thorax communicates with
the neck
where does the transverse ridge of the sternal angle lie
the ridge lies at the level of the second costal cartilage
the two transversely directed grooves on the 1st rib are seperated by
the scalene tubercle and ridge
the skin and muscles covering the thoracic cage attach what?
the shoulder girdle to the trunk
what are the two transversely directed grooves in the 1st rib contain
the subclavian vessels
what happens to the xiphoid process as you age
the thin plate of cartilage becomes ossified at its proximal end during adulthood and fuses with the body of the sternum
the 2nd rib articulates with
the two bodies of the T1 and T2 vertebra - one facet articulates with inferior costal facet on T1 ( demifacet) - one facet articulates with superior costal facet on T2 (demifacet) - tubercle articulates with transverse process on T2
Manubrium
the upper portion of the sternum
the body of the sternum articulates inferiorly with
the xiphoid process
what happens to the costal cartilage as you age
their flexibility decrease as a result of superficial calcification
parietal pleura
thin membrane that covers the lungs - is superficial to the visceral pleura
visceral pleura
thin membrane that covers the lungs: deep to the parietal pleura - passes from each lung at its root to the inner surface of the thoracic wall where it become the parietal pleura
what is the function of the scalene tubercle and ridge
this is where muscles attach
root of the lungs
this is where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and exit
posterior boundary of the thoracic wall
thoracic part of the vertebral column
pleural cavities
two membranous sacs - one on either side of the thoracic cavity between the lungs and the thoracic wall
the body of the sternum articulates superiorly with?
with the manubrium at the manubriosternal joint
the body of the sternum articulates laterally with?
with the second to the seventh costal cartilage
anterior inferior thoracic aperture
xiphisternal joint
what is the joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process called
xiphisternal joint