Thoracic wall

the first rib contains

- 1 facet on its head - two transverselly directed grooves for the subclavian vessesl

what is the thoracic cage formed by

- Vertebral column - Ribs - Intercostal space - Sternum - Costal cartilages

strucutres passing through the inferior thoracic aperture

- esophagus - large vessesl - nerves all of which pierce the diaphram

the spaces between the ribs contain what 3 muscles

- external intercostals - internal intercostals - innermost intercostals

typical rib has

- head - neck - tubercle - shaft - angle

the thoracic cage protects

- heart - lungs

the sternum is divided into three parts

- manubrium - body of the sternum - xiphoid process

joints of the sternum

- manubrosternal joint - xiphisternal joint

the thoracic cavity is divided into

- mediastinum : median area - laterally placed pleaura and lung

the thoracic wall is divided into three boundaries

- posterior - anterior - lateral

the manubrium articulates with

- the body of the sternum - the clavicles - the first costal cartilage - the upper part of the second costal cartilage

2nd to 7th costal cartilage articulate with

- the lateral border of the sternum with the synovial joints - the rib by cartilaginous joints

structure passing through the superior thoracic aperture

- trachea - esophagus - nerves - vessesl that supply and drain head, neck and upper lims

ribs can classified as

- true - false - floating

the 2nd rib contains

- two facets for articulation on its head

how many and what kind of joint is located between the head of the 1st, 10th, 11th and 12th rib and the corresponding vertebral body

1 synovial joint

which ribs are short and lack a neck and tubercle

11th and 12th

posterolateral inferior thoracic aperture

11th and 12th pair of ribs

floating ribs

11th, 12th and sometimes the 10th rib - do not connect at all with the sternum - their costal cartilage ends in the posterior abdominal musculature

posterior inferior thoracic aperture

12th thoracic vertebra - protudes into opening

atypical ribs

1st 2nd 10-12th

true ribs

1st through the 7th rib - attach directly to the sternum via costal catrilage

the 2nd through 9th ribs have what kind of joint between their heads and the vertebra? and how many ?

2 synovial joints - one between the corresponding vertebral body - one between the vertebra above it

which region of costal cartilage articulate with one another

6th - 10th costal cartilage articulate with one another along their bodies

false ribs

8th, 9th and usually the 10th ribs - their cartilages are connected to the cartilage above them - they have an indirect attachment to the stermun

sternum

a flat bone

what kind of movement is possible in the manubriosternal joint

a small amount of angular movement is possible during respiration

what connects the head of the ribs to the intervertebral dics

a strong intra-articular ligament

costal cartilage

are pieces of cartilage that connect the upper seven ribs to the lateral edge of the sternum and the 8th, 9th and 10th ribs to the cartilage immediately above

internal intercostal muscle extends

backward from the sternum in front to the angles of the ribs behind - where the muscle is replaced by an aponeurosis the internal intercostal membrane

where are the intercostal vessels and nerves located

between the internal and innermost muscles

what kind of joint is the manubriosternal joint

cartilaginous joint

what kind of joint is between the ribs and the costal cartilages?

cartilagnious joints - which are immovable

internal intercostal muscle fibers are directed

downward and backward from the subcostal groove of the rib above to the upper board of the rib below

the cartilages of the 11th and 12th ribs are?

embedded in the abdominal musculature

what lines the parietal pleura

endothoracic fascia

the innermost intercostals are lined internally by

endothoracic fascia - connective tissue

lateral superior thoracic aperture

first pair of ribs plus thier costal cartilages

posterior superior thoracic aperture

first thoracic vertebra - body prorudes into opening

innermost intercostal muscle

forms the deepest layer and corresponds to the transverus adbominis of the abdominal wall - is an incomplete muscle layer

characteristics of the 2nd rib

has a thinner, less curved body, and it is longer than the first rib

what kind of joint is the xiphisternal joint

is a cartilaginous joint

anatomy of a typical rib

is a long twisted flat bone that has a rounded, smooth superior border and a sharp thin inferior border - the anterior end of each rib is attached to the corresponding costal cartilage

tubercle of a typical rib

is a prominence on the outer surface of the rib at the junction of the neck with the shaft - has a facet for articulation

xiphoid process

is a thin plate of cartilage - no ribs or costal cartilage are attached to it

neck of a typical rib

is located between the head and the tubercle - is constricted due to location

characteristics of the first rib

is the broadest, shortest and most sharply curved of the seven true ribs

the costal groove of a typical rib

is the inferior border of the shaft - containing the intercostal vessels and nerves

the shaft of a typical rib

is thin flattened and twisted on its long axis

the angle of a typical rib

is where the shaft of the ribs bends sharply forward

how to recognize the sternal angle

it can be recognized by a transverse ridge on the anterior surface of the sternum

what happens to the external intercostal muscles at the costal cartilage?

it is replaced by an aponerosis, the external intercostal membrane

what does the 1st rib articulate with

its articulates with the T1 vertebra only

external intercostal muscles fiber direction

its fibers are directed downward and forward from the inferior border of the rib above to the superior border of the rib below - superficial

the innermost intercostal muscles cross

more than one intercostal space within the ribs

raising and the lowering of the ribs during respiration is accompanied by

movements in both the synovial joints of the head and tubercle - which permits the neck of each rib to rotate around its own axis

10th- 12th ribs have how many facets

only one on their head which articulate with a single vertebra

ribs internally contain

red bone marrow ( hematopoietic tissue) - make red blood cells

lateral boundary of the thoracic wall

ribs and intercostal spaces

the thoracic wall is covered by

skin and muscles

anterior boundary of the thoracic wall

sternum

anterior superior thoracic aperture

superior border of the manubrium

what joint is located between the 6th- 10th costal cartilage

synovial joint

what kind of joint is at the tubercle of the ribs

synovial joint - which connects the tubercle of the ribs and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

the main atypical feature of the 2nd rib

the 2nd rib contains a rough area on its upper surface which is the tuberosity for the serratus anterior - a part of that muscles origin

the sternal angle ( of Louis) is formed by the articulations of?

the artiucaltion of the manubruim with the body of the sternum

the xiphoid process lies opposite of what

the body of the 9th thoracic vertebra

head of a typical rib articulates with ?

the corresponding vertebral body at the superior costal demifacet, and with the inferior costal demifacet of the vertebra above it

the external intercostal muscles extend forward to

the costal cartilage

what contributes to the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic wall

the costal cartilage

the inferior border of the rib overhangs to form

the costal groove

inferiorly the thorax is separated from the abdomen by

the diaphragm

the tubercle articulates with

the facet of the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the numerically corresponding vertebra ( costal facet)

what is the thoracic cage

the framework of the wall of the thorax

the costal groove contains

the intercostal vessels and nerves

the sternal angle lies opposite of what?

the intervertebral disc between the 4th and the 5th thoracic vertebrae

anterolateral inferior thoracic aperture

the joinged cartilages of the ribs 7 through 10

the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum at?

the manubriosternal joint

the first costal cartilage articulates with

the manubrium - does not permit movement

the thoracic cage is used as a attachment site for

the muscles of the thorax, upper extremity, abdomen and back

superiorly the thorax communicates with

the neck

where does the transverse ridge of the sternal angle lie

the ridge lies at the level of the second costal cartilage

the two transversely directed grooves on the 1st rib are seperated by

the scalene tubercle and ridge

the skin and muscles covering the thoracic cage attach what?

the shoulder girdle to the trunk

what are the two transversely directed grooves in the 1st rib contain

the subclavian vessels

what happens to the xiphoid process as you age

the thin plate of cartilage becomes ossified at its proximal end during adulthood and fuses with the body of the sternum

the 2nd rib articulates with

the two bodies of the T1 and T2 vertebra - one facet articulates with inferior costal facet on T1 ( demifacet) - one facet articulates with superior costal facet on T2 (demifacet) - tubercle articulates with transverse process on T2

Manubrium

the upper portion of the sternum

the body of the sternum articulates inferiorly with

the xiphoid process

what happens to the costal cartilage as you age

their flexibility decrease as a result of superficial calcification

parietal pleura

thin membrane that covers the lungs - is superficial to the visceral pleura

visceral pleura

thin membrane that covers the lungs: deep to the parietal pleura - passes from each lung at its root to the inner surface of the thoracic wall where it become the parietal pleura

what is the function of the scalene tubercle and ridge

this is where muscles attach

root of the lungs

this is where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and exit

posterior boundary of the thoracic wall

thoracic part of the vertebral column

pleural cavities

two membranous sacs - one on either side of the thoracic cavity between the lungs and the thoracic wall

the body of the sternum articulates superiorly with?

with the manubrium at the manubriosternal joint

the body of the sternum articulates laterally with?

with the second to the seventh costal cartilage

anterior inferior thoracic aperture

xiphisternal joint

what is the joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process called

xiphisternal joint