Toddler Questions

28. The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive, inflexible, high-top shoes. The nurse should explain that: 1. soft and flexible shoes are generally better. 2. high-top shoes are necessary for support. 3. inflexible shoes are necessary to prevent intoeing and outtoeing. 4. this type of shoe will encourage the infant to walk sooner.

1. soft and flexible shoes are generally better.

1. Which of the following statements best describes the infant's physical development? 1. Anterior fontanel closes by 6 to 10 months of age. 2. Binocularity is well-established by 8 months of age. 3. Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by 1 year. 4. Maternal iron stores persist during the first 12 months of life.

3. Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by 1 year.

10. The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who has a head lag. The nurse should recognize which of the following? 1. This is normal. 2. Child is probably mentally retarded. 3. Developmental/neurologic evaluation is needed. 4. Parent needs to work with infant to stop head lag.

3. Developmental/neurologic evaluation is needed.

32. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain? 1. Rub gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation. 2. Apply hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation. 3. Give child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation. 4. Have child chew on a warm teething ring to encourage tooth eruption.

3. Give child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation.

30. Latasha is a breast-fed infant being seen in the clinic for her 6-month check-up. Her mother tells the nurse that she recently began to suck her thumb. Which of the following is the best nursing intervention? 1. Recommend mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb. 2. Assess Latasha for other signs of sensory deprivation. 3. Reassure mother that this is very normal at this age. 4. Suggest mother breast-feed Latasha more often to satisfy sucking needs.

3. Reassure mother that this is very normal at this age.

14. According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what developmental stage? 1. Use of reflexes 2. Primary circular reactions 3. Secondary circular reactions 4. Coordination of secondary schemata

3. Secondary circular reactions

34. A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breast-feeding her 5-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given: 1. skim milk. 2. whole cow's milk. 3. commercial iron-fortified formula. 4. commercial formula without iron.

3. commercial iron-fortified formula.

48. The clinic is loaning a federally approved car seat to a 10-lb (4.1 kg) infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is in the: 1. middle of the back seat facing rearward. 2. back seat facing forward. 3. front seat with airbags on passenger side. 4. front seat if there is no air bag on the passenger side.

1. middle of the back seat facing rearward.

45. Michael, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. Which of the following is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention? 1. "Keep buttons, beads and other small objects out of Michael's reach." 2. "Do not permit Michael to chew paint from window ledges, because he might absorb too much lead." 3. "When Michael learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall." 4. "Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed."

1. "Keep buttons, beads and other small objects out of Michael's reach."

6. By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close? 1. 6-8 weeks 2. 10-12 weeks 3. 4-6 months 4. 8-10 months

1. 6-8 weeks

43. Amy comes to the clinic for a well-infant checkup. Immunizations she should receive are DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine). Amy is recovering from a cold but is otherwise healthy and afebrile. Her older sister has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Nursing considerations include which of the following? 1. DTaP and IPV can be safely given. 2. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because she has a cold. 3. IPV is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised. 4. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.

1. DTaP and IPV can be safely given.

44. Which muscle should be avoided for immunizations in infants due to potential sciatic nerve damage? 1. Dorsogluteal 2. Ventrogluteal 3. Deltoid 4. Vastus lateralis

1. Dorsogluteal

22. What information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? 1. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. 2. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills. 3. Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills. 4. Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.

1. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.

27. The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their child. Which of the following is especially important to consider when making the selection? 1. Health practices of facility 2. Structured learning environment 3. Socioeconomic status of children 4. Cultural similarities of children

1. Health practices of facility

3. The nurse is checking reflexes on a 7-month-old infant. When the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position, the head is raised and legs and spine are extended. This reflex is which of the following? 1. Landau 2. Parachute 3. Body-righting 4. Labyrinth-righting

1. Landau

21. Which of the following is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation? 1. Play peekaboo 2. Play pat-a-cake 3. Imitate animal sounds 4. Show how to clap hands

1. Play peekaboo

8. In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do? 1. Transfer objects from one hand to the other 2. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp 3. Hold crayon and make a mark on paper 4. Release cubes into a cup

1. Transfer objects from one hand to the other

13. According to Erikson, infancy is concerned with acquiring a sense of which of the following? 1. Trust 2. Industry 3. Initiative 4. Autonomy

1. Trust

11. In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? 1. Turn over from abdomen to back 2. Roll from back to abdomen 3. Sit erect without support 4. Pull to standing position

1. Turn over from abdomen to back

33. The mother of a 3-month-old breast-fed infant asks about giving her baby water because it is summer and very warm. The nurse should recommend that: 1. fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed. 2. water should be given if infant seems to nurse longer than usual. 3. water once or twice a day will make up for losses resulting from environmental temperature. 4. clear juices would be better than water to promote adequate fluid intake.

1. fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed.

24. Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks' gestation. She seems to be developing normally but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child who was full-term. The nurse should explain that: 1. infants tend to become less difficult over time. 2. infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines. 3. Sara's behavior is suggestive of failure to completely bond with her parents. 4. Sara's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period.

1. infants tend to become less difficult over time.

25. The nurse is interviewing the father of 10-month-old Megan. She is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says "no" firmly and removes her from near the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father that Megan: 1. is old enough to understand the word "no." 2. is too young to understand the word "no." 3. should already know that electrical outlets are dangerous. 4. will learn safety issues better if she is spanked.

1. is old enough to understand the word "no."

26. The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. The nurse's best response is which of the following? 1. "Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes, then pick him up." 2. "Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him." 3. "Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries." 4. "If he isn't soiled or wet, leave him and he'll cry himself to sleep."

2. "Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him."

2. The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately how many pounds? 1. 10 2. 15 3. 20 4. 25

2. 15

35. When is the best time for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet? 1. 2 to 3 months of age 2. 4 to 6 months of age 3. When birth weight has tripled 4. When tooth eruption has started

2. 4 to 6 months of age

23. The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Recommendations should include using a rattle at about what age? 1. 3 months 2. 5 months 3. 7 months 4. 9 months

2. 5 months

20. At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli? 1. 4-6 weeks 2. 6-8 weeks 3. 12-14 weeks 4. 16-18 weeks

2. 6-8 weeks

37. What information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy? 1. Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear. 2. Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 5 to 7 days. 3. Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant. 4. Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.

2. Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

17. A parent of an 8-month-old infant tells the nurse that the baby cries and screams whenever the infant is left with the grandparents. The nurse's reply should be based on which of the following? 1. Infant is most likely spoiled. 2. Infant is experiencing separation anxiety. 3. Infant should be left with other caretaker more often. 4. Grandparents are not responsive to infant.

2. Infant is experiencing separation anxiety.

47. What nonfood item causes most choking deaths in young children? 1. Buttons 2. Latex balloons 3. Pacifiers 4. Broken rattles

2. Latex balloons

4. Which of the following reflexes appear at about 7 to 9 months of age? 1. Moro 2. Parachute 3. Neck-righting 4. Labyrinth-righting

2. Parachute

41. The parents of a 3-month-old girl complain to the nurse that they are exhausted because she still wakes up as often as every 1 to 2 hours during the night. When she awakens, they change her diaper, and her mother nurses her back to sleep. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to help them deal with this problem? 1. Put her in parents' bed to cuddle. 2. Start putting her to bed while still awake. 3. Let her cry herself back to sleep. 4. Give her a bottle of formula instead of breast-feeding her so often at night.

2. Start putting her to bed while still awake.

19. At what age would the nurse expect an infant to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning? 1. 4 months 2. 6 months 3. 10 months 4. 14 months

3. 10 months

36. At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? 1. 6 months 2. 9 months 3. 12 months 4. 18 months

3. 12 months

16. At what age do most infants begin to fear strangers? 1. 2 months 2. 4 months 3. 6 months 4. 12 months

3. 6 months

12. At what age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? 1. 4 months 2. 6 months 3. 8 months 4. 12 months

3. 8 months

15. Which of the following behaviors indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? 1. Recognizes familiar face, such as mother 2. Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle 3. Actively searches for a hidden object 4. Secures objects by pulling on a string

3. Actively searches for a hidden object

38. The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are purchasing a microwave oven to defrost and heat expressed breast-milk. The nurse should recommend which of the following? 1. Never thaw or heat breast-milk in a microwave oven. 2. Heat only 10 ounces or more. 3. Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape. 4. Shake bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.

3. Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.

39. The parent of 12-month-old Chris says to the nurse, "He pushes the teaspoon right out of my hand when I feed him. I can't let him feed himself, he makes too much mess." The nurse's best response is which of the following? 1. "It's important not to give in to this kind of temper tantrum at this age." 2. "Maybe you need to try a different type of spoon, one designed for children." 3. "It's important to let him make a mess. Just don't worry about it so much." 4. "He is old enough to feed himself. Let's think of ways to make the mess more tolerable."

4. "He is old enough to feed himself. Let's think of ways to make the mess more tolerable."

42. Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age? 1. Birth 2. 2 months 3. 6 months 4. 12 months

4. 12 months

5. By what age does the anterior fontanel usually close? 1. 6-8 weeks 2. 2-4 months 3. 6-8 months 4. 12-18 months

4. 12-18 months

9. Which of the following characteristics best describes the fine motor skills of a 5-month-old infant? 1. Strong grasp reflex 2. Neat pincer grasp 3. Builds a tower of two cubes 4. Able to grasp object voluntarily

4. Able to grasp object voluntarily

31. Karen, 6 months of age, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is which of the following? 1. Normal tooth eruption 2. Delayed tooth eruption 3. Unusual and dangerous 4. Earlier than normally expected tooth eruption

4. Earlier than normally expected tooth eruption

46. The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurse's reply should be based on which of the following? 1. Child is too young to digest hot dogs. 2. Child is too young to eat hot dogs safely. 3. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration. 4. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

4. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

18. The parent of a 10-week-old infant tells the nurse, "She cries sometimes when nothing is wrong—for example, when she is dry and has recently been fed." The most appropriate nursing intervention is which of the following? 1. Explain how to better interpret infant cues. 2. Evaluate for failure of parent to bond with infant. 3. Reassure parent that nothing is "wrong." 4. Reassure parent that periods of "unexplained fussiness" are normal.

4. Reassure parent that periods of "unexplained fussiness" are normal.

29. The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are worried about their baby's thumb-sucking. The nurse's reply should be based on which of the following? 1. Pacifier should be substituted for the thumb. 2. Thumb-sucking should be discouraged by age 12 months. 3. Thumb-sucking should be discouraged when the teeth begin to erupt. 4. There is no need to restrain nonnutritive sucking during infancy.

4. There is no need to restrain nonnutritive sucking during infancy.

40. Parents tell the nurse that their 2-year-old son often sleeps with them. They seem unconcerned about this. The nurse's response should be based on which of the following? 1. Children should not sleep with their parents. 2. Separation from parents should be completed at this age. 3. Daytime attention should be increased. 4. This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.

4. This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.

7. The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they have noticed foods, such as peas and corn, are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant's stools. On which of the following should the nurse base the explanation of this? 1. Child should not be given fibrous foods until digestive tract matures at age 4 years. 2. Child should not be given any solid foods until this digestive problem is resolved. 3. This is abnormal and requires further investigation. 4. This is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.

4. This is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.