Topic 4 Terms List: Joints and Muscle Tissue
what is an articulation?
a joint; where two bones meet
glenoid labrum
a ring of cartilage attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Increases surface area and created larger socket
cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
annular ligament
binds the head of the radius to the ulna
illiofemoral ligament
connects illium to femur
ischiofemoral ligament
connects ischium to femur
pubofemoral ligament
connects pubis to femur
acromioclavicular ligament
connects the clavicle to the acromion
coracoclavicular ligament
connects the clavicle to the coracoid process
patellar ligament
extends from patella to anterior surface of tibia
Synovial cavity
fluid filled chamber in a synovial joint
lateral meniscus
on the lateral side of the tibiofemoral joint
medial meniscus
on the medial side of the tibiofemoral joint
acetabular labrum
rim of fibrocartilage that enhances depth of socket (hip dislocations are rare)
intercalated discs
specialized connections between myocardial cells containing gap junctions and desmosomes
radial collateral ligament
stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow joint
ulnar collateral ligament
stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint
types of joints
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diathrosis
anulus fibrosus
tough outer layer of fibrocartilage. The collagen fibers attach the disc to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
Ball and socket joint. Permits the greatest range of motion of any joints. Most frequently dislocated joint.
hip joint
Ball and socket, diarthrodial joint
syndesmoses (fibrous-amphiarthrosis)
Bones are connected by a ligament. Example is the distal joint between the tibia and fibula. Amphiarthrotic joint
Synovial fluid
Fluid inside joint. Functions: lubrication, distribution of nutrients, and shock absorption
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable joint, has many planes of movement
intervertebral discs
From axis to sacrum, the vertebrae are separated and cushioned by lads of fibrocartilage
Elbow joint
Hinge joint. Involves the humerus, radius, and ulna
Herniated disc
If the nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus, it too may protrude into the vertebrae canal
Smooth muscle
Involuntary, no striations, uninucleated-central, can divide and regenerate, surrounds hollow organs and tubes
Synovial joint (diarthrosis)
Joints permit a wider range of motion than do other types of joints. Typically located at the ends of long bones, such as the upper and lower limbs
fibular collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Stabilize lateral side of joint
Tendon sheath
Limit the joints range of motion and provide mechanical support for it
Coraco-acromial ligament
Makes a connection between the coracoid process and the acromion
Knee joint
Modified hinge joint. Three articulations
Synarthosis
No movement, very strong joint
cardiac muscle
Only in heart, pump blood involuntarily, striated, uninucleated-central
posterior cruciate ligament
Originated on posterior side of tibia. Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur. Strongest ligament in knee, taught with the knee fixed
anterior cruciate ligament
Originates on anterior surface of tibia. Resists anterior tibial translation and knee hyper extension. Most commonly injured ligament, taught with the knee extended
Menisci
Pad of fibrocartilage located between two bones within a synovial joint
Functions of skeletal muscle
1. Produce skeletal movement 2. Maintain posture and body position 3. Support soft tissues 4. Guard entrances and exits 5. Maintain body temperature 6. Store nutrients
Synostosis
A total rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears
Fat pads
Adipose tissue superficial to the joint capsule. Protect articular cartilages
Symphysis (cartilaginous-amphiarthrosis)
Articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. Joint between two public bones-pubic symphysis
quadriceps tendon
Attaches to patella and continues to the tibia tuberosity
Protruding disc
Compressed nucleus pulposus of a disc may distort the anulus fibrosus, forcing it to partway into the vertebral canal
Fibrous
Connected by dense connective tissue consisting of collagen, joints do not move and have no joint cavity
Articular cartilages
Covers the articulating surface of bone. Helps to reduce friction
Synchondroses (cartilaginous-synarthrosis)
Rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. Cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair or vertebrosternal ribs and manubrium (synarthrotic)
Amphiarthosis
Slightly moveable joint, articulations through collagen fibers or cartilage
Bursae
Small fluid filled pouches by joints. Reduce friction and acts as shock absorber
Skeletal muscle
Striated, multinucleated, cells do not divide, voluntary muscle
Nucleus pulposus
Surrounded by anulus fibrosus, a soft, elastic, gelatinous core. Gives the disc resiliency and enables it to absorbs shock
Articular capsule
Surrounds the joint
Sutures (fibrous-synarthrosis)
Synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull. Edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense fibrous connective tissue
Gomphosis (fibrous-synarthrosis)
Synarthrotic joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a peridontal
ligamentum teres
ligament of the head of the femur. Deep in joint and attached to the fovea capitis
tibial collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament (MCL). Stabilizes media, side of joint