Topic 4 Terms List: Joints and Muscle Tissue

what is an articulation?

a joint; where two bones meet

glenoid labrum

a ring of cartilage attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Increases surface area and created larger socket

cartilaginous joints

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

annular ligament

binds the head of the radius to the ulna

illiofemoral ligament

connects illium to femur

ischiofemoral ligament

connects ischium to femur

pubofemoral ligament

connects pubis to femur

acromioclavicular ligament

connects the clavicle to the acromion

coracoclavicular ligament

connects the clavicle to the coracoid process

patellar ligament

extends from patella to anterior surface of tibia

Synovial cavity

fluid filled chamber in a synovial joint

lateral meniscus

on the lateral side of the tibiofemoral joint

medial meniscus

on the medial side of the tibiofemoral joint

acetabular labrum

rim of fibrocartilage that enhances depth of socket (hip dislocations are rare)

intercalated discs

specialized connections between myocardial cells containing gap junctions and desmosomes

radial collateral ligament

stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow joint

ulnar collateral ligament

stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint

types of joints

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diathrosis

anulus fibrosus

tough outer layer of fibrocartilage. The collagen fibers attach the disc to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

Ball and socket joint. Permits the greatest range of motion of any joints. Most frequently dislocated joint.

hip joint

Ball and socket, diarthrodial joint

syndesmoses (fibrous-amphiarthrosis)

Bones are connected by a ligament. Example is the distal joint between the tibia and fibula. Amphiarthrotic joint

Synovial fluid

Fluid inside joint. Functions: lubrication, distribution of nutrients, and shock absorption

Diarthrosis

Freely moveable joint, has many planes of movement

intervertebral discs

From axis to sacrum, the vertebrae are separated and cushioned by lads of fibrocartilage

Elbow joint

Hinge joint. Involves the humerus, radius, and ulna

Herniated disc

If the nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus, it too may protrude into the vertebrae canal

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, no striations, uninucleated-central, can divide and regenerate, surrounds hollow organs and tubes

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Joints permit a wider range of motion than do other types of joints. Typically located at the ends of long bones, such as the upper and lower limbs

fibular collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Stabilize lateral side of joint

Tendon sheath

Limit the joints range of motion and provide mechanical support for it

Coraco-acromial ligament

Makes a connection between the coracoid process and the acromion

Knee joint

Modified hinge joint. Three articulations

Synarthosis

No movement, very strong joint

cardiac muscle

Only in heart, pump blood involuntarily, striated, uninucleated-central

posterior cruciate ligament

Originated on posterior side of tibia. Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur. Strongest ligament in knee, taught with the knee fixed

anterior cruciate ligament

Originates on anterior surface of tibia. Resists anterior tibial translation and knee hyper extension. Most commonly injured ligament, taught with the knee extended

Menisci

Pad of fibrocartilage located between two bones within a synovial joint

Functions of skeletal muscle

1. Produce skeletal movement 2. Maintain posture and body position 3. Support soft tissues 4. Guard entrances and exits 5. Maintain body temperature 6. Store nutrients

Synostosis

A total rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears

Fat pads

Adipose tissue superficial to the joint capsule. Protect articular cartilages

Symphysis (cartilaginous-amphiarthrosis)

Articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. Joint between two public bones-pubic symphysis

quadriceps tendon

Attaches to patella and continues to the tibia tuberosity

Protruding disc

Compressed nucleus pulposus of a disc may distort the anulus fibrosus, forcing it to partway into the vertebral canal

Fibrous

Connected by dense connective tissue consisting of collagen, joints do not move and have no joint cavity

Articular cartilages

Covers the articulating surface of bone. Helps to reduce friction

Synchondroses (cartilaginous-synarthrosis)

Rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. Cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair or vertebrosternal ribs and manubrium (synarthrotic)

Amphiarthosis

Slightly moveable joint, articulations through collagen fibers or cartilage

Bursae

Small fluid filled pouches by joints. Reduce friction and acts as shock absorber

Skeletal muscle

Striated, multinucleated, cells do not divide, voluntary muscle

Nucleus pulposus

Surrounded by anulus fibrosus, a soft, elastic, gelatinous core. Gives the disc resiliency and enables it to absorbs shock

Articular capsule

Surrounds the joint

Sutures (fibrous-synarthrosis)

Synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull. Edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense fibrous connective tissue

Gomphosis (fibrous-synarthrosis)

Synarthrotic joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a peridontal

ligamentum teres

ligament of the head of the femur. Deep in joint and attached to the fovea capitis

tibial collateral ligament

medial collateral ligament (MCL). Stabilizes media, side of joint