Treatment Review (Letter answers)

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When a routine bacteriological coliform sample is confirmed positive the water supplier must collect a _________ sample within 24 hours. A. Special B. Grab sample C. Repeat D. HPC

When applying gas chlorine to water which form of acid is most effective in killing bacteria? A. Hydrochloric B. Nitric C. Hypochlorous D. Sulfuric

When comparing friction loss in various types of pumps, a larger Hazel-Williams 'C' value indicates the pipe A. Is more durable B. Is rougher outside C. Is smoother D. Is able to withstand a higher pressure

When employees are working in a trench 5 ft deep or more, an adequate means of exit, such as a ladder or steps, must be locate no more than ______ ft away from them. A. 5 B. 10 C. 25 D. 40

When using chlorine tablets to disinfect a pipeline during installation, the tablets should be placed: A. On the inside bottom B. At the end of the pipe C. On the inside top of the pipe D. In each fire hydrant inlet

Which chemical compound is used as a coagulant aid filter aid in conventional and direct filtration plants? A. Aluminum sulfate B. Sodium hydroxide C. Polyelectrolyte D. Caustic soda

Which chemical compound is used as an oxidizer and disinfectant in water treatment? A. Aluminum sulfate B. Sodium hydroxide C. Sodium hypochlorite D. Caustic soda

Which is not a characteristic of surface water? A. High turbidity B. Lots of color C. Relative freedom from microbial contamination D. Soft water

Which is not a method used to disinfect new water mains? A. Tablet B. Continuous feed C. Ultra violet light D. Slug

Which of the following disinfection methods provides the longest lasting residual? A. Ozone B. Breakpoint chlorination C. Chloramination D. Ultraviolet-light

Which of the following is called waters natural buffering capacity? A. PH B. Coagulation C. Alkalinity D. Neutralization

Which of the following is characteristic of surface water? A. Reasonably low microbial contamination B. High concentrations of hardness C. High in turbidity D. Low in suspended solids

Which of the following is characteristic of surface water? A. Reasonably low microbial contamination B. High concentration of hardness C. High in turbidity D. Low in suspended solids

Which of the following is not considered a contaminate? A. Virus B. Giardia C. Chlorine D. Cryptosporidium

Which of the following is not true with repel to a "Sanitary Survey?" A. They are conducted frequently enough to control health hazards. B. They are conducted y individuals trained in public health. C. They generate a lengthy report that is not relatively important. D. They identify potentially contaminating activities (PCA's)

Which of the following is not true with respect to a "Sanitary Survey?" A. They are conducted frequently enough to control health hazards. B. They are conducted by individuals trained in public health C. They generate a lengthy report that is not relatively important D. They identify potentially contaminating activities (PCA's)

Which of the following will increase the head loss through a filter? A. Decreasing the filtration rate B. Increasing the media size C. An increase in solids loading D. Increasing the amount of filters online

Which synthetic organic chemical compound is used as a coagulant and/or filter aid in conventional water treatment plants? A. Calcium hypochlorite B. Sodium hypochlorite C. Polyelectrolytes D. Caustic soda

Which test method is used to measure suspended solids in water? A. Electrode method B. Langelier Index Method C. Nephelometric Method D. Colorimetric Method

Which two acids are produced when chlorine is applied to water? A. Nitric and carbonic acids B. Sulfuric and Citric acids C. Hydrochloric and Hypchlorus acids D. None of the above

Which two autotrophic bacteria listed below oxidize soluble ferrous iron to a ferric form? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Anabaena and oscillatoria C. Crenothrix and Leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Which two autotrophic bacteria listed below oxidize soluble ferrous iron to ferric form? A. Giardia Lamblia and Cryptosporidium B. Anabaena and Oscillatoria C. Crenothrix and Leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Which type of colloidal particle is most difficult to remove from water? A. Autotrophic B. Monomictic C. Hydrophilic D. Hydrophobic

You have a new gasoline powered diaphragm-type pump and are using heavy-duty spiral wire reinforced suction hose. What is the practical maximum height at which to set the pump above the water level? A. 2 to 6 feet B. 15 to 22 feet C. 30 to 35 feet D. 40 feet

A centrifugal-type pump should never be run empty because A. A serious counter-pressure would be built up by excessive vacuum B. It is useless to run a pump without getting water C. The excessive end thrust of the shaft would damage the thrust bearing D. The parts lubricated by water would be damaged

A chlorine gas feed system requires ___ to feed gas into the water stream. A. Water pressure/vacuum B. Vacuum regulator/rotameter C. Ejector system D. All the above

A connection made between a potable water supply and an unapproved water supply is called a: A. Service connection B. Backflow device C. Grid system D. Cross-connection

A filter should be removed from service when: A. The head loss exceeds filter design B. The effluent turbidity exceeds 0.3 NTU in 95% of the reads in two consecutive months C. The filter has excessive hours of service D. Any of the above occur

A major break in a water main can assist the distribution operator to A. Determine the effectiveness of the systems thrust blocks B. Rid the system of air pockets C. Observe the interior condition of the distribution systems piping D. Determine if additional isolation gate valves are needed

A one-ton chlorine. Container has ____ fusible plugs and ___ feed valves. A. 1 plug and 1 valve B. 3 plugs and 1 valve C. 2 plugs and 6 valves D. 6 plugs and 2 valves

According to the ______ IFE turbidity should be monitored every 15 minutes. A. Long term 1 enhanced surface water treatment rule B. Stage 2 disinfectant/disinfection byproduct rule C. Groundwater rule D. Interim enhanced surface water treatment rule

Algal blooms may be responsible for which of the following problems? A. An increase in chlorine demand B. Filter clogging C. Elevated disinfection byproducts D. All of the above

Alum and Ferric chloride react with _______ to form insoluble solids or hydroxides. A. Acid B. PH C. GAC D. Bicarbonate alkalinity

Backpressure can be generated by: A. A pump or faulty pressure regulator B. An elevated storage tank C. A hot water boiler D. All of the above

Besides copper sulfate, what other chemical can be used to control algal blooms? A. Lead sulfate B. Chlorine C. Ultraviolet light D. Hydrogen peroxide

Calcium hypochlorite: A. Is usually supplied as a tablet, granular or powder form B. Is a chlorine compound used in hypochlorination C. Can be stored for long periods of time in dark dry storage D. All the above

Chloramines are: A. Measured as a combined chlorine residual B. A long lasting disinfectant C. Formed by reacting chlorine with aqua ammonia in water D. All of the above

Coliform bacteria are most prevalent in: A. The soil B. Ground water C. Surface water D. Intestinal tract of man and animal

Convert 25 degrees C to degrees F A. 12 B. 32 C. 46 D. 77

Dry liquid chlorine expands ______ to a gaseous form? A. 1000 B. 400 C. 40 D. 460

Hardness in drinking water is mainly caused by? A. Calcium B. Magnesium C. Iron and manganese D. Both A and B

How long does the flash mixing process take? A. It takes hours B. It takes days C. It takes only a few months D. It takes a few seconds or minutes depending on the size of the treatment plant

Lakes and reservoirs that are rich in nutrients are referred to as: A. Mesotrophic B. Oligotrophic C. Dimictic D. Eutrophic

Methemoglobinemia is caused by what constituent? A. Trihalomethanes B. Benzene C. Arsenic D. Nitrates

No more than ___ samples per month may be total coliform positive if less than 40 samples are analyzed per month. A. 5 B. 2 C. 10 D. 1

One of the purposes of water storage tanks is A. Decrease the oxygen content B. Improve the taste C. Increase the carbon dioxide content D. Supply water at peak demands

Organic loading causes an increase in which constituent? A. TTHM B. HAA5 C. Bromate and Chlorite D. All of the above

The CDHS primary MCL for nitrate in drinking water is? A. 45 ppb as N B. 10 ppb as N C. 45 ppm as N D. 45 ppm as NO3

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a disinfection residual of how many ppm at the effluent of the treatment plant? A. .3 ppm B. 2 ppm C. 4 ppm D. .2 ppm

The initial few minutes of a filter cycle when the media is settling back in and effluent turbidities are relatively high is described by the term: A. Clogging B. Surging C. Backwashing D. Ripening

The packing around the shaft of a centrifugal pump should be: A. In good condition indefinitely B. Kept as tight as possible C. Replaced once a month D. Tightened just enough to allow an occasional drop of liquid to escape

The top valve on a one-ton chlorine container supplies? A. Vacuum feed B. Safety valve only C. Dry liquid feed D. Gas feed

To repack a buried gate valve, the valve must be A. Removed from service B. Fully closed C. Of the rising stem type D. Fully open

Two ways to reduce the chances of freezing in a water tank are A. Close the air vents and increase the internal tank pressure B. Hold the water level stable and increase the chlorine residual C. Vary the water level and increase the maximum water level D. Vary the water level and lower the maximum water level

Water that meets all State and Federal drinking water standards is called? A. hard water B. red water C. stable water D. potable water

What is it called when water bypasses the flow path and reaches the end of the basin before the normal detention time? A. Retention time B. Water baffled time C. Weir overflow rate D. Short circuiting

What is the purpose of coagulation and flocculation? A. To make the water dirty B. To filter the water C. To remove any excess and chlorine residual D. To remove suspended and colloidal matter

What is the total weight of a one ton container fully loaded in pounds? A. 2500 lbs B. 1500 lbs C. 2000 lbs D. 3700 lbs

What process is no included in a direct filtration plant process? A. Filtration B. Flocculation C. Coagulation D. Sedimentation

What process is not included in a direct filtration plant process? A. Filtration B. Flocculation C. Coagulation D. Sedimentation

When a substance transitions from the solid phase directly to the gas phase such as on snow capped mountains, it is called: A. Condensation B. Precipitation C. Evaportranspiration D. Sublimation

When a substance transitions from the solid phase directly to the gas phase such as on snow capped mountains, it is called: A. Condensation B. Precipitation C. Evapotranspiration D. Sublimation

When any individual filter in a conventional or direct filtration plant is placed back into service following backwashing or other interruption event, the filtered water turbidity of the effluent from that filter shall not exceed? A. 5 NTU B. 1 NTU in 100% of the interruption events during any consecutive 12 month period C. 0.3 NTU after the filter has been in operation for 15 minutes D. Any of the above

When chlorine is added to water containing Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) some of the chlorine will be used up on contact. This is called: A. Reduction B. Dose C. Residual D. Demand

When collecting a bacteriological sample for testing the collector should refrigerate the sample on blue ice at temperatures no less than ______ degrees Celsius and no more than _______ degrees Celsius per Standard Method for Water and Waste Water. A. 2 to 15 B. 32 to 212 C. 0 to 100 D. 4 to 10

When do iron and manganese usually show up in surface water? A. During aeration B. During algal blooms C. During the application of copper sulfate D. During "turn-over" periods

When sampling water for bacteriological analysis, the operator taking the sample should always: A. Rinse the bottle with the water being sampled B. Sterilize the bottle with strong chlorine solution C. Filter the sample through a clean filter cloth D. Use a sterilized sample bottle treated with sodium thiosulfate

Which chemical compound can be used to destroy blue green algae: A. blue stone B. Activated Carbon C. Copper sulfate D. both A and C

Which chemical compound is used to increase pH in finished water? A. Caustic soda B. Sodium hydroxide C. Copper sulfate D. Both A and B

Which chemicals can be used to destroy blue green algae: A. Blue stone B. Activated carbon C. Copper sulfate D. Both A and C

Which culture media is used for the membrane filter analysis? A. EC+MUG B. Lactose or Lauryl tryptose C. Brilliant green Lactose Bile D. M-Endo Media

Which is an extremely harmful constituent? A. Trihalomethanes B. Benzene C. Arsenic D. Nitrites

Which is not a way ground water can become contaminated? A. Saltwater intrusion B. Septic tanks C. Hazardous waste in landfills D. Algal blooms

Which of the following has an effect on chlorine's disinfection efficiency. A. Time of day B. Taste C. Color D. PH

Which of the following is not a disinfectant by-product ? A. Haloacetic acids (HAA5) B. Chlorite C. Bromate D. Nitrogen

Which of the following is not required to determine the CT compliance in a surface water treatment plant using gaseous chlorine as the primary disinfectant. A. Water Treatment B. PH C. Chlorine residual D. Turbidity

Which organisms are used as an indicator for the bacteriological tests in a public water system? A. Giardia Lamblia B. Hepatitis (virus) C. Cryptosporidium D. Coliform group

Which organisms are used as an indicator for the bacteriological tests in a public water system? A. Giardia lambia B. Hepatitis (virus) C. Cryptosporidium D. Total coliform group

Which organisms are used as an indicator for the bacteriological tests in a public water systems? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Hepatitis (virus) C. Cryptosporidium D. Coliform group

Which treatment control process destroys or inactivates microorganisms? A. Filtration B. Coagulation C. Sedimentation D. Disinfection

A _____ is an instrument for measuring and comparing the turbidity by passing light through them and determining how much light is reflected by the particles in the liquid. A. Turbidimeter B. Amperometric titrator C. DPD cell D. pH meter

A _______ is an instrument for measuring and comparing the turbidity of liquids by passing light through them and determining how much light is reflected by the particles in the liquid. What is used to calibrate the turbidimeter? A. Turbidimeter/formazin B. Amperometric titrator/acid C. DPD cell / PH D. PH meter / DPD

A ________ is an instrument for measuring and comparing the turbidity of liquids by passing light through them and determining how much light is reflected by the particles in the liquid. A. Turbidimeter B. Amperometric titrator C. DPD cell D. PH Meter

Air vents on storage tanks require A. Mesh screens to prevent entry of animals or birds B. Fine screens to prevent entry of animals, bird and insects C. Filters to prevent entry of dirt and airborne pollutants D. Grates to prevent vandalism and unauthorized access

Alkalinity is the capacity in water to: A. Neutralize acid B. Increase the pH C. Disinfect water D. Decrease pH

Allow sand filters are cleaned by: A. Air and water backwash B. Water backwash alone C. Scraping sand off the top D. Surface wash

An air-gap must be installed: A. Minimum 1 inch vertical separation or twice the diameter of the discharge pipe from the spill vessel B. Minimum 1 inch horizontal separation or twice the diameter of the discharge pipe from the spill vessel C. At least 1 foot verticals separation from the spill rm of the receiving vessel D. Just install the assembly

As the impeller of a pump wears, the efficiency will A. Decrease B. Improve C. Increase D. Not change

Calcium hypochlorite: A. Is usually supplied as a 65% tablet, granular or powder form B. Is a liquid chlorine compound C. Is 12% available chlorine D. None of the above

Chlorine containers commonly used at water treatment plans are equipped with fusible metal plugs as safety relief devices. These fusible metal plugs are designed to melt at what range of temperatures: A. 158 - 165F B. 142 - 149F C. 185 - 192F D. 169 - 175F

Chlorine containers commonly used at water treatment plants are equipped with fusible metal plugs as safety relief devices. These fusible metal plugs are designed to melt at what range of temperatures: A. 158-165 F B. 185-192 F C. 142-149 F D. 169-175 F

Combined chlorine residuals are A. Not as effective as free chlorine residual in inactivation of microorganisms B. As effective as free chlorine residual in inactivation of microorganisms C. More effective than free chlorine residual in inactivation of microorganisms D. None of the above

Drinking water contaminants based on health effect are called? A. Primary Standards B. Secondary standards C. Action levels D. Public health goals

Fire fighting may cause low pressure in an area of a distribution system. This low pressure might lead to A. Contamination of the system by back siphonage B. Ice formation in the pipes C. Loss of chlorine residual D. Muddy water

If a routine sample is confirmed total coliform positive, the supplier shall collect repeat sample set: A. Within 24 hours of being notified B. Within 48 hours of being notified C. Within 1 hour of being notified D. Anytime within the month sample was collected

If excess floc is being carried over into your filters, what should the operator do ? A. Slow down the sedimentation B. Slow down the flash mix C. Shut down the plant D. Apply more coagulant

If the water is being chlorinated to accomplish the degree of treatment desired and to maintain the residual chlorine after a specified contact time, sufficient chlorine dosage must be added to satisfy the: A. Chlorine demand B. Organic matter C. Phenol compounds D. The suspended solids

In comparison to a solution with a pH of 7 , a solution with pH of 3 has: A. 10,000 times the hydrogen ion concentration B. 10,000 times the hydroxyl ion concentration C. 100,000 times the hydrogen ion concentration D. 1,000 times the hydrogen ion concentration

In conventional filtration, backwash rates are _______ as/then filtration rates. A. Higher B. The same C. Lower D. More important

In the D/DPR stage 2, the sampling calculation moved from a running annual average to a: A. Locational running annual average B. Triggered monitoring technique C. Calculation based on population D. 2-log removal calculation

Lakes and reservoirs that freeze over during winter months and undergo two stratification and destratification (mixing) cycles are classified as: A. Dimictic B. Oligotrophic C. Eutrophic D. Monomictic

Limnologists classify lakes based on aquatic plant and animal life, and available nutrients in the water, which of the following is a nutrient poor lake? A. Oligotrophic B. Eutrophic C. Mesotrophic D. Monmictic

Nitrate levels above 45 mg/l in a public water system can cause ______ in infants? A. Methemoglobinemia B. Cryptosporidium C. Polio D. Both A and C

Nitrate levels above 45 mg/l in public water can cause _____ in infants? A. Methemoglobinemia B. Cryptosporidiosis C. Polio D. Both A and C

No more than ____ percent of all monthly samples may be total coliform positive if more than 40 samples are analyzed per month. A. 5% B. 2% C. 10% D. 1%

Red water complaints in a water system can be attributable to: A. Ferric iron B. Ferrous iron C. Magnesium D. Calcium

Static water level in a vertical well is commonly defined as: A. The level to which the water rises in a well when it is not being pumped B. The level to which water drops in a well when it is being pumped C. The water level in a pressurized pipeline D. Minimum level in a well in which the pump will operate

The Total Coliform Rule requires water systems collect representative coliform bacteriological samples from the distribution system monthly. These bacteriological coliform samples collected are called? A. Routine B. Special C. Replacement D. Repeat

The difference between the static water level and the pumping water level in a well is called the? A. Drawdown B. Specific gravity C. Specific capacity D. Specific yield

The greatest cause of corrosion inside a pipe is: A. Low pH, presence of dissolved oxygen and elevated temperature B. High pH, presence of dissolved oxygen and elevated temperature C. Dissolved oxygen and elevated temperatures D. High pH, and elevated temperatures

The heterotrophic plate count incubation period is ____ hours. A. 48 B. 12 C. 22 to 24 D. None of the above

The indicator Methyl orange is used in the _____ Test: A. Alkalinity B. Chlorine residual C. Total hardness D. pH

The layer or zone in surface water reservoirs where water temperatures drop rapidly with increasing depth is called the : A. Thermocline B. Epilimnion C. Hypolimnion D. Organic loading zone

The layer or zone in surface water reservoirs where water temperatures drop rapidly with increasing depth is called the: A. Thermocline B. Hypolimnion C. Epilimnion D. Organic loading zone

The lead and copper rule requires the first draw sample be collected after: A. 6 hours B. 12 hours C. 24 hours D. After proper flushing

The main purpose for adding sodium thiosulfate to bacteriological sample bottles is: A. To neutralize any chlorine present in the water collected B. To inactivate any organisms present in the water collected C. To disinfect the sample bottle D. All the above

The main purpose for adding sodium thiosulfate to bacteriological sample bottles is: A. To neutralize any chlorine present in the water collected B. To inactivate any organisms, present in the water collected C. To disinfect the sample bottle D. All of the above

The maximum CAL-OSHA permissible exposure limit PEL for chlorine gas is? A. 0.5 pp, B. 25 ppm C. 10 ppm D. 35 Ppb

The occurrence of a fecal coliform (E. Coli) and a total coliform in consecutive samples from the same sample site constitutes an? A. Acute MCL violation and requires public notification B. Indicates possible contamination C. Indicates a cross connection D. MCL violation of the Lead and Copper rule

The process by which water changes from a vapor state to a liquid state is called: A. Condensation B. Runoff C. Transpiration D. Percolation

The rated flow of a water meter, as stated y the manufacturer, is based on ______ flow. A. Continuous B. Intermittent C. Short time peal D. None of the above

Van del Waal's principle is based on particle? A. Attraction (attractive force) B. Repulsive forces C. Neutralization of forces D. None of the above

Water flows in pipes under pressure are measured by A. Venturi meters B. Weirs C. Parshall flumes D. None listed

What is needed to calculate CT value or actual? A. Residual disinfectant (mg/l) and time (minutes) B. Applied disinfectant (mg/l) and time (hours) C. Demand disinfectant (mg/l) and time (seconds) D. None of the above

What is the MCL for total trihalomethanes? A. 0.08 ppm / .80 ppb B. 8 ppm C. 80 ppm D. 10 ppb

What is the function of an altitude valve on an elevated water storage tank? A. It automatically shuts off flow to the tank when the water level approaches the overflow point B. It allows air to enter the tank when water is draining from the tank, preventing a vacuum that could damage the tank C. It measures the level of water in the tank D. It opens to release excess water if water-level controls fail

What is the minimum disinfectant residual that should be maintained in the distribution system? A. 0.2 ppm B. 4 ppm C. 0.2 ppb D. 0.06 ppm

What is the recommended range for chlorine to ammonia as N ratio in drinking water? A. 3/1 to 5/1 B. 8/1 to 9/1 C. 1/1 to 2/1 D. 6/1 to 10/1

What is the repelling electrical force called? A. Zeta potential B. AMPS C. Volts D. Van Der Walls force

When a water sample indicates a positive number on the Langelier index this usually indicates? A. Scaling forming water B. Hard water C. Polluted water D. Corrosive water

When certain organic precursors (humic and fulvicacids) and chlorine combine together in water during disinfection, by-products can be formed. These by products are called: A. Trihalomethanes B. Perchlorates C. Bromoforms D. Aldicarbs

When free available chlorine reacts with water containing natural organics (humus substance) what organic compounds can be formed? A. Trihalomethanes B. Sulfates C. Nitrates D. Trichloroethylene

When practicing breakpoint chlorination what residual is measured: A. Free available chlorine residual B. Combined dichloramines C. Total combined D. Monochloramines

Which chemical compound is not used as a ph stabilizer in water treatment? A. Aluminum sulfate B. Sodium hydroxide C. Lime D. Caustic soda

Which chemical compound is used as a primary coagulant in conventional water treatment? A. Aluminum sulfate B. Sodium hydroxide C. Copper sulfate D. Caustic soda

Which chemical compound is used to increase PH in water? A. Caustic soda B. Sodium hypochlorite C. Copper sulfate D. Aluminum sulfate

Which chemical formula represents alum? A. AL2(SO4)3 14 H20 B. CuSO4 C. HCO3 D. C03

Which form of chloramines is the least volatile? A. Monochloramines B. Trichloramines C. Dichloramines D. Free chlorine

Which forms of chloramines are the most volatile? A. 3/1 to 5/1 B. 8/1 to 9/1 C. 1/1 to 2/1 D. 6/1 to 10/1

Which forms of chloramines are the most volatile? A. di and tri B. quad and poly C. Mono and Free D. Free and total

Which is a pathogenic organism "protozoa" found in surface water? A. Giardia Lamblia B. Actinomycetes C. Oscillatoria D. Anabaena

Which is an extremely harmful constituent? A. Radium B. Chlorine C. Fluoride D. Chlorine dioxide

Which is used as a chlorine residual reagent for measuring chlorine residuals? A. N, n-diethyl-p-phenylene-diamine B. Dibromochloropropane C. Trihalomethanes D. None of the above

Which nutrient acts as a fertilizer that promotes algal blooms? A. Phosphates B. Perchlorate C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Copper sulfate

Which of the following diseases is NOT waterborne? A. Tuberculosis B. Cholera C. Dysentery D. Typhoid fever

Which of the following is a primary acute toxic contaminant? A. Nitrate B. Calcium C. Magnesium D. Ferric hydroxide

Which organism is used as an indicator organism in bacteriological analysis in water supplies? A. Coliforms B. Nitrifying bacteria C. Autotrophic D. Giardia lamblia

Which two elements in a reduced state create a demand for chlorine? A. Iron and manganese B. Magnesium C. Calcium and magnesium D. Lead and copper

Which two micro-organisms listed below are regulated Protozoa per the LTESWTR? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Anabaena and oscillatoria C. Crenothrix and Leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Which two microbes listed below are protozoa? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Anabaena and Oscillatoria C. Crenothrix and Leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Why are fire hydrant caps commonly color coded? A. To indicate main pressure B. To conform to city parameters C. To indicate the hydrant flow capacity D. To identify nozzle sizes

"V notch" weirs are installed at the effluent of the sedimentation basins in order to: A. Speed up the approach velocity of the water B. Enable uniform draw off of the basins C. Carry over more floc D. Shorten the filter runs

4-log removal means ______ percent removal. A. 99.90 B. 99.99 C. 99.00 D. 9.999

A centrifugal pump when operating normally shows a discharge pressure of 100 psi and the Venturi meter shows rate 20,000 gpm. Suddenly the pressure gauge drops to 90 psi and the flow. Rate increases to 23,000 gpm. You would suspect: A. A faulty gauge and manometer tube B. A large leak in the pump discharge line C. Foreign matter caught in the Venturi tube throat D. The packing is sucking air

A chlorinator is used in a chlorination system to? A. Measure liquid feed B. Measure gas feed C. Create pressure D. Sterilize the water

A connection between an approved safe potable water supply and an unapproved water supply is called a : A. interconnection B. cross-connection C. cross-bow D. cross-fitting

A portable ladder must extend at least _______ feet above the upper surface of an excavated trench. A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 4.5

A valve that joins the service line to the main is called a A. Globe valve B. Corporation valve C. Curb stop D. Pressure regulating valve

A water bearing underground geological formation is commonly called: A. An aqueduct B. An aquifer C. The water table D. The water zone

According to the groundwater rule, what can an agency do to correct a well that tests positive for fecal coliform bacteria? A. Keep testing without any remediation in the hopes that the problem goes away B. Eliminate all deficiencies, provide for an alternate source of water, eliminate the source of contamination or provide 4-log removal C. Destratification by sticking an air diffuser down the well shaft D. Pour copper sulfate down the well shaft

An operator heard a pinging sound coming from a pump. What is a possible cause? A. Algae B. Cavitation C. Corrosion D. Turbidity

Appropriative water rights are rights gained by: A. Stealing the water B. Following a precise legal procedure for the beneficial use of a body of water C. Diverting the water for beneficial use for a specific period of time D. Ownership of land that borders a body of water or that is underneath the land

As water temperature increases A. CT required increases B. CT required decreases

Chemical reactions occur when disinfectants are introduced in water with high organic content. What rule regulates the monitoring of this reaction? A. The Stage 1 & 2 Disinfection/ disinfectant By-product Rule B. The Stage 1 & 2 Disinfection/ disinfectant By-product Rule C. The Surface Water Treatment Rule D. Lead and Copper Rule

Chlorine gas is a _____________/_______ color and is _________ than air. A. Greenish/blue , lighter B. Greenish/yellow , denser C. Orange/red , same as air D. Both A and B

Colloidal particles are difficult to remove from water, which water treatment plant process is designed to neutralize colloidal particles? A. Filtration B. Coagulation C. Sedimentation D. Disinfection

Copper sulfate or "bluestone" is used as a(n) _________ A. Insecticide B. Algaecide C. Disinfectant D. Coagulant

Copper sulfate, placed in a burlap sack and towed behind a boat as it cross-crosses a reservoir, is commonly used to control A. Rooted aquatic plants B. Algae C. Zebra mussels D. Invasive fish species

Direct filtration water treatment plants excludes which process? A. Filtration B. Sedimentation C. Coagulation D. Solids contact units

Disc type meters are classified as ____ meters. A. Compound B. Positive-displacement C. Propeller D. Velocity

Disease causing bacteria are called? A. Non-pathogenic B. Pathogenic C. Aerobic D. Coliform bacteria

Filter self-assessments and comprehensive performance evaluations are set in what rule? A. Surface Water Treatment Rule B. Long term 1 interim enhanced surface water treatment rule C. Ground water rule D. Long term 2 interim enhanced surface water treatment rule

Flocculation requires: A. Violent mixing to ensure good floc formation B. Slow gentle mixing to ensure good floc formation C. Pretreatment with coagulant chemicals like alum D. Both b and c

How many pounds of chlorine gas per day can be withdrawn from a 150-pound chlorine cylinder operating at normal room temperature? A. 10 pounds B. 40 pounds C. 100 pounds D. 150 pounds

Hydrogen sulfide in a well water will cause the water to have an odor similar to: A. Chlorine gas B. Rotten eggs C. Ammonia D. Old spice

If an agency doesn't treat their wells to a 4-logs removal, what is the agency required to do when bacteria is found in the water? A. Temporary monitoring B. Triggered monitoring C. Suspended monitoring D. Limited monitoring

In determining the overall Giardia cyst and virus reduction credits for a treatment process, the local regulatory agency will evaluate removal credits and inactivation credits. What treatment processes correspond to removal and inactivation? A. Coagulation and flocculation B. Filtration and disinfection C. Sedimentation and disinfection D. Sedimentation and filtration

In the coagulation and flocculation process, the following process occurs: A. Coagulant chemicals cause the water to be disinfected B. Coagulant chemicals cause the suspended and colloidal matter to clump together C. Coagulant chemicals cause the water to clump together D. Coagulant chemicals causes the operator to sneeze

Limnologists classify lakes based on aquatic plant and animal life, and available nutrients in the water , which of the following is a nutrient rich lake? A. Oligotrophic B. Eutrophic C. Mesotrophic D. Monmictic

Negatively charged colloidal particles are difficult to remove from water. Which treatment process is designed to neutralize colloidal particles? A. Disinfection B. Coagulation C. Sedimentation D. Filtration

One major factor the leads to reservoir turnover is: A. The upper strata becoming warmer than the lower strata B. The upper strata becoming colder and sinking to the bottom C. The upper and lower strata reaching the same temperature D. Decaying organic matter causing a gaseous movement

One of the purposes of water storage tanks is A. To increase the carbon dioxide content B. To supply water at peak demands C. To decrease the oxygen content D. To improve the taste

Sodium hydroxide is used in water treatment for? ( also called caustic soda ) A. Disinfection B. PH stabilization C. Oxidation D. Coagulation

Solids contact units are unique in that ____________ A. They require an enormous amount of land area for a typical installation B. They combine coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation in one basin C. They are very " forgiving" when it comes to changes in flow or water temperature D. No sludge may be allowed to accumulate are the bottom

Soluble ferrous iron and manganeous may be removed from water with: A. Alum, followed by sedimentation B. Oxidation followed by filtration C. Chlorine followed by polyphosphates D. None of the above

THMs are governed by the _______ A. The interim enhanced surface water treatment rule B. Disinfectant/disinfection byproduct rule C. Surface water treatment rule D. The lead and copper rule

The "water table" is defined as the _______ A. Pumping water level in a well B. Surface of the grand water C. Water level in a reservoir D. Bottom of the aquifer

The IESWTR states that turbidity must NEVER exceed _______ A. 0.3 NTU B. 1 NTU C. 2 NTU D. 3 NTU

The condition in infants known as methemoglobinemia is thought to be caused mainly by high concentrations of: A. phosphates B. nitrates C. sulfates D. fluoride

The difference between the pumping level and the static level in a well is called? A. Cone of depression B. Drawdown C. Water Table D. Capacity

The discharge rate of a piston-type pump A. Is constant as the main drive RPM changes B. Is constant at a constant speed C. Varies inversely with head D. Varies with the total dynamic head

The disinfection of a water supply is for the purpose of: A. Oxidize iron B. Killing coliforms and pathogenic organisms C. Aid in coagulation D. Sterilize the water

The function of the filter under drains is best described as: A. Aeration of the media to encourage bacteria growth B. Collection of treated water and distribution of the backwash process C. Draining pff excess chemicals D. Access to the media

The function of the filter underdrains is best described as: A. Aeration of the media to encourage bacteria growth B Collection of treated water and distribution of the backwash process C. Draining off excess chemicals D. Access to the media

The maximum gas withdrawal rate from a one-ton chlorine cylinder at ambient temperatures, without freezing, is about: A. 40 lbs per day B. 400 lbs per day C. 600 lbs per day D. 1000 lbs per day

The number of water samples taken per month within a water distribution system under the total coliform rule is based on: A. The total miles of pipe in the distribution system D. The size of the population served C. The size of the water mains used in the system D. The number of water connections within the system

The pH ranges from ____ to ______ A. 1 to 14 B. 0 to 14 C. 0 to 15 D. 2 to 20

The term for the pressure against which a pump must operate is called? A. Foot pounds B. Head C. Negative pressure D. Pounds

The term used to describe a nutrient rich lake or reservoir is called: A. Mesotrophic B. Eutrophic C. Oligotrophic D. Mesomorphic

The type of corrosion caused by the use of dissimilar metals in water systems is known as _____ corrosion. A. Caustic B. Galvanic C. Oxygen D. Tubercular

Total Trihalomethanes samples shall be collected in the water system from longest residence time sites 4 times a year and the quarterly average shall not exceed? A. 0.10 mg/l B. 80 ppb C. 100 mg/l D. 80 ppm

Trihalomethanes are __________ A. An acute (immediate) health risk B. A chronic (long-term) health risk C. An aesthetic water quality problem D. Not a significant concern

Uncontrolled scale deposits in water mains can reduce A. The potential for water-borne disease outbreaks B. The carrying capacity of the distribution system C. Interference with disinfection practices D. Changes in pressure and velocity

Vibrations in pumps may be caused by improper motor-pump A. Curves B. Alignment C. Piping D. Power factor

Water hammer is most likely caused by? A. Air in water B. Closing a valve too fast C. Hardness of the water D. Too much water in a reservoir

Water rights that are acquired with the title to land adjacent to a water source are called: A. Prescriptive rights B. Riparian rights C. Appropriative rights D. The Bill of Right

Water that meets water quality regulations and is fit for human consumption is called: A. Sterile B. Potable C. Clear D. Palatable

Well water containing soluble iron can to be treated with ________ to control "red water". This is called_______. A. Corrosion control/disinfection B. Polyphosphates / sequestration C. Calcium carbonate / stabilization D. None of the above

What is the difference between the pumping level and static level in a well called? A. Cone of depression B. Drawdown C. Water table D. Specific capacity

When moving a 150-pound chlorine cylinder always check to ensure the _______ is secured over the cylinder valve, and store the cylinder in a _______ position. A. Chlorinator/ horizontal B. Protective cap / vertical C. Protective cap / horizontal D. All the above

Which chemical compound is used as a primary coagulant in conventional water filtration plants? A. Copper sulfate B. Aluminum sulfate C. Polyphosphates D. Sodium hydroxide

Which chemical when added to water will lower the PH value? A. Lime B. Sulfuric acid C. Soda ash D. Caustic soda

Which chlorine residual is measured with chloramines in water: A. Free available B. Total or combined C. Always trichloramines D. Always dichloramines

Which corrosion inhibitor is most effective in controlling lead in distribution system water? A. Alum B. Orthophosphates C. PH/alkalinity adjustments D. Silicates

Which disinfection method is most effective in killing Giardia Lamblia in water? A. Chlorine B. Ozone C. Chloramines D. Aluminum sulfate

Which is NOT a method used to disinfect new water mains? A. Tablet (HTH) 25 mg/l B. Ultra-violet light C. Continuous feed 25 mg/l , 24 hours D. Slug 100 mg/l for 3 hours

Which is not a characteristic of groundwater? A. Higher dissolved solids B. High turbidity C. Higher dissolved gases D. Relative freedom from microbial contamination

Which laboratory test is performed to indicate the optimum chemical dosage for coagulation? PH, water temperature, turbidity, alkalinity A. DPD B. Jar test C. Marble test D. DO test

Which method is most commonly used to measure chlorine residuals in a water distribution system? A. Titration method B. DPD , colorimeter method C. Copper sulfate D. Both A and C

Which of the following are considered physical characteristics of water? A. Chemical, organic, inorganic and biological B. Color , odor, taste, temperature, and turbidity C. PH, TDS, minerals D. All the above

Which of the following is not a form of alkalinity? A. Hydroxyl B. Sodium hydroxide C. Bicarbonate D. Carbonate

Which rule requires an agency to start triggered monitoring of a well that test positive for bacteria? A. The stage 1 disinfectant/disinfection byproduct rule B. The groundwater rule C. The lead and copper rule D. The long term 2 interim enhanced surface water treatment rule

Which rule requires an agency to treat raw water to 2-logs for cryptosporidium? A. Long Term 1 enhanced surface water treatment rule B. Enhanced surface water treatment rule C. Ground water rule D. Surface water treatment rule

Which two acids are produced when chlorine in applied to water? A. Nitric acid and carbonic acid B. Hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids C. Sulfuric and citric acids D. None of the above

Which two are iron bacteria? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Crenothrix and leptothrix C. Anabaena and oscillatoria D. Trihalomethanes and trichloromethane

Which two autotrophic bacteria are responsible for nitrification in chloramines water systems? A. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Nitrosomomas and nitrosopira C. Crenothrix and leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Which two autotrophic bacteria are responsible for nitrification in chloramines water systems? A. Giardia Lamblia and cryptosporidium B. Nitrosomomas and Nitrosopira C. Crenothrix and Leptothrix D. Coliforms and E. Coli

Which type of chlorine problem would be must dangerous to deal with ? A. Valve gasket leak B. Chlorine room fire C. Loose connection D. Small hole in fed line

Which type of chlorine. Gas problem could be most dangerous to deal with? A. Valve gasket leak B. Chlorine room fire C. Loose connection D. Small hole in fed line

_____ is a term used to describe water when it flows to rivers, lakes, and oceans. A. Percolation B. Run-off C. Precipitation D. Condensation

_______ is a term used to describe water it flows to rivers, lakes, and oceans. A. Percolation B. Run-off C. Precipitation D. Condensation

_______ is waters ability to neutralize acid. A. Waters pH B. Alkalinity C. Total hardness D. The soap or detergent-consuming power

_______ should be used to backwash filters. A. Raw water B. Potable water C. Sludge water D. Supernatant water

A one-ton chlorine container uses a ___ kit for repairs. A. D-kit B. A-kit C. B-kit D. C-kit

A sample result in which the presence of total coliforms has been demonstrated is called: A. E. Coli positive B. Fecal coliform positive C. Total coliform positive D. None of the above

A trench must be shored if it is ______ deep or more. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Algal blooms contributes to one of the following in lakes and reservoirs: A. Pure water B. Potable water C. Taste and odor problems D. Longer filter run times

Any chlorine measured or remaining after the chlorine is applied to water using the DPD field method is called the? A. Chlorine demand B. Organic matter C. Chlorine residual D. Chlorine dose

Any chlorine residual measured or remaining after the chlorine is applied to water using the DPD field method is called the? A. Chlorine demand B. Organic matter C. Chlorine residual D. Chlorine dose

As he PH value increases: A. Less chlorine is required for disinfection B. Chlorine is not affected by pH C. The chlorine becomes less effective and requires more contact time D. Both B and C

Backsiphonage occurs when: A. Water moves as a plug flow B. Backflow occurs when a water system looses pressure and a vacuum is created C. Pressure in the water system is increased dramatically for a short duration D. Rarely occurs

Chloramines are: A. Measured as combined chlorine residual B. A weak disinfectant C. Formed by reacting aqua ammonia with chlorine D. All of the above

Chloramines are: A. Measured as combined chlorine residual B. A better disinfectant than hypochlorites C. Formed by reacting chlorine with aqua ammonia D. All of the above

Chloramines can be formed in water with the addition of chlorine and: A. Hypochlorous acid B. Hydrochloric acid C. Ammonium ions (Aqua Ammonia) D. Calcium Oxide

Copper sulfate or "bluestone" is used as a(n)? A. Insecticide B. Disinfectant C. Algaecide D. Coagulant

Destratification can be feasibly accomplished by: A. Injection pure water in the lake or reservoir B. Draining the lake or reservoir and filling it back up again C. Mechanical means (pumps) or air diffusers D. Throwing lots of ice into the lake or reservoir

Dissolved oxygen depletion during algal blooms is caused by: A. Fish using up all the oxygen in the water B. The evaporation of the water C. Bacteria feeding on the algal cells D. None of the above , water doesn't have oxygen in it

Distribution system pressure (even during fire fighting demands) should not be allowed to drop below ___ psi. A. 0 B. 5 C. 20 D. 40

Groundwater generally requires less treatment for ____ than surface water does. A. Radionuclides B. Industrial solvents C. Microorganisms D. Iron and manganese

How many PSI will water 2.31 feet high of head equal: A. .433 psi B. 4.33 psi C. 1 psi D. 8.34 psi

Hydrostatic pressure testing is the process used to test A. The hydraulics of the system B. Thrust restraints C. Leakage in the pipe D. All of the above

Lakes and reservoirs can turn over due to water temperature changes, which term below is correct for lakes that turn over twice a year? A. Monomictic B. Polymictic C. Dimictic D. Sizemictic

Large chlorine leaks may be easily identified by the human nose, but in order to detect small leaks an operator must use a solution of: A. Potassium iodine B. Sodium chloride C. Ammonia D. Aluminum sulfate

Large chlorine leaks maybe easily identified by the human nose, but in order to detect. Small leaks an operator must use a solution of: A. Potassium iodide B. Sodium chloride C. Ammonia hydroxide D. Aluminum sulfate

One cubic foot of water weighs about: A. 8.34 lbs B. 7.48 lbs C. 62.4 lbs D. .785 lbs

One gallon of water weighs about: A. 7.48 lbs B. 62.4 lbs C. 8.34 lbs D. .785 lbs

Polyphosphates are used to A. Control algae B. Improve taste C. Keep iron and manganese in solution (sequestration) D. Kill bacteria

Surface water may best be described as: A. Water taken from springs B. Water that percolates to underground aquifers C. Water in lakes, rivers, and streams D. Water that is underground

Taste and odor compounds, such as geosmin and methylisborneol (MIB) can be removed / destroyed from water with: A. Alum B. Sulfuric acid C. Ozone and activated carbon filters (GAC) D. Packed tower aeration

Taste and odor compounds, such as geosmin and methylisborneol (MIB) can be removed from water with: A. Alum B. Sulfuric acid C. Ozone and activated carbon filters (GAC) D. Packed tower aeration

Temporary cloudiness in drinking water is most often caused by? A. suspended solids B. bacteria C. dissolved oxygen D. coliforms

Th solids contact unit combines which process? A. Presedimentation, flash mix, and filtration B. Coagulation, flocculation, filtration C. Flash mix, coagulation and flocculation, and sedimentation D. Filtration and disinfection

The " nephelometric" method of measuring turbidity is based on the: A. Passage of light B. Transmission of light C. Scattering of light D. Absorption of light

The LTESWTR requires logs and/or percent of removal and inactivation for Giardia lamblia cysts and enteric viruses at? A. 3 logs 99% and 4 logs 99.9% B. 23 logs 99% and 3 logs 99.9% C. 3 logs 99.9% and4 logs 99.99% D. 4 logs / 99.99% and 3 logs / 99.9%

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires __ logs of removal for Giardia and ___ logs removal for virus. A. 2.5 and 2 B. 3 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 2 and 2

The Total Coliform Rule is based on: A. Type of coliform in a sample B. Number of coliforms in a sample C. Presence or absence of coliforms in a sample D. Presence of fecal coliforms in a sample

The abbreviation (MCL) refers to what regulatory terms? A. Maximum Coagulation Dosage B. Minimum Contamination Level C. Maximum Contaminant Level D. None of the above

The abbreviation of MCL refers to what term in the water industry? A. Maximum Coagulation Level B. Minimum Chlorination Level C. Maximum Contaminant Level D. Minimum Cooperation Level

The component of a centrifugal pump that is sometimes installed on the end of the suction pipe to hold the priming is known as A. Casing B. Drain C. Foot valve D. Ventilator

The continuous exchange of water between the earth and the atmosphere is called? A. Reverse osmosis B. Evaportranspiration C. Hydrological cycle D. Cycle of infiltration

The continuous exchange of water between the earth and the atmosphere is called? A. Reverse osmosis B. Evapotranspiration C. Hydrological cycle D. Cycle of infiltration

The coupon test can be used A. To determine the water quality B. To calculate the influence of daily treatment changes C. As an indication of the corrosion/scaling rate D. None of the above

The culture media used in the coliform presence / absence MFT presumptive test is? A. Agar B. A brilliant free lactose bile C. A lactose or lauryl tryptose D. A nutrient agar

The disinfection power of chlorine goes down as the ______ increases. A. Residual chlorine B. Contact time C. PH D. Hardness

The maximum primary MCL for a surface water treatment plant filter combined finished water turbidity should be less than in 95% of the 30 days readings: A. 5.0 NTU B. 1.0 NTU C. 0.3 NTU D. 0.1 NTU

The pH scales ranges from ___ to ___. A. 1 to 15 B. 0 to 15 C. 0 to 14 D. 1 to 14

The process by which water vapor is released to th atmosphere by living plants is called? A. Evaporation B. Infiltration C. Transpiration D. Precipitation

The process of adding chlorine gas to water A. Remove particulate material B. Consumes alkalinity C. Is known as chloramination D. Buffers the water

The section of groundwater where all voids in the soil are filled with water is called ________ A. Lake B. The "surface" of the groundwater C. The zone of saturation D. The water table

The section of groundwater where all voids in the soil are filled with water is called______. A. A lake B. The "surface" of the groundwater C. The zone of saturation D. The water table

The total coliform rule is based on: A. Type of Coliform in a sample B. Number of coliforms in a sample C. Presence or absence of coliforms in a sample D. Presence of fecal coliforms in a sample

The total coliform rule is based on: A. Type of coliform in a sample B. Number of coliforms in a sample C. Presence or absence of coliforms in a sample D. Presence of fecal coliforms in a sample

The total coliform rule is based on: A. Type of coliform in a sample B. Number of coliform in a sample C. Presence or absence of coliforms in a sample D. Presence of fecal coliforms in a sample

Water runoff that ends up in lakes, rivers, and streams will be contaminated with: A. Energy, gases, and light B. Dark matter, quarks, and photons C. Organic, mineral, and microorganisms D. Potable , distilled, and pure water

What contaminate causes Methemoglobinemia, or blue baby syndrome? A. Benzene B. 2-log C. Nitrites D. Chlorine

What effect will the addition of lime, caustic soda, or soda ash have on the pH of water? A. Stabilize B. Lower C. Increase D. Have no effect

What has to be present to form THMs in water? A. Inorganic compounds & chlorine B. Cations & cathodes C. Organic compounds & a disinfectant D. Fluoride & Hardness

What is the MCL for bromate? A. 10 ppb B. 10 ppm C. 0.01 ppm / 60 ppb D. 60 ppb

What is the main variable an operator can control can to improve sedimentation? A. Overdosing coagulants B. Increase the water temperature C. Decrease basin flow rate D. Decrease flash mix time

What is the primary difference between direct and conventional filtration treatment? A. No coagulation B. No flocculation C. No sedimentation D. No prechlorination

What is the purpose of the sedimentation process? A. It is to divert water if there is an issue with water quality B. It is the final process before water is served to the public C. It is to remove floc, and reduce the load on filters D. It takes water to its plasma form

What is the scale used to measure the pH in water? A. 0 to 10 B. 1 to 14 C. 0 to 14 D. 1 to 10

The four zones in a sedimentation basin - inlet zone - settling zone - effluent or outlet zone - sludge zone

Treatment Review (Letter answers)

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